Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Drug Prescriptions ; statistics & numerical data ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Materia Medica ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Nonprescription Drugs ; therapeutic use

Objective:To establish a headspace capillary gas chromatography method for the determination of residual solvents in erlotinib hydrochloride .Methods:A DB-624 capillary column (30 m ×0.53 mm, 3.0 μm) was used and the carrier gas was nitro-gen.The flow rate was 2.0 ml· min-1 and the inlet temperature was 190℃.The FID detector temperature was 230 ℃.The column temperature program was with the initial temperature of 35℃( maitaining 8 min) , risen to 170℃with the rate of 28℃· min-1 ( main-taining 8 min) , and then risen to 200℃with the rate of 32℃· min-1 ( maintaining 7 min) .The headspace vial temperature was 100℃and the time was 30 min.Results:Ethanol, isopropanol, methylene chloride and n-butanol had a good linear relationship within the range of 0.68-409.14 μg· ml-1 (r=0.999 8),0.67-404.88 μg· ml-1 (r=0.999 8),1.71-51.31μg· ml-1 (r=0.999 7) and 0.72-431.12 μg· ml-1(r=0.999 8), respectively.The average recovery was 99.0% (RSD=0.41%, n=9), 100.2%(RSD=0.52%, n=9),97.1%(RSD=1.75%, n =9) and 102.5% (RSD=1.08%, n=9), respectively.Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate , which can be used for the determination of four residual organic solvents in erlotinib hydrochloride .

Aim: To observe the effects of sarsasapogenin ( SAR) on osteoblasts and osteoclasts cultured in vitro. Methods: Colonal murine calvarial osteoblast-like cell line MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in vitro. MTT,p-nitropheneye phosphate and tinctorial method of alizarin Bordeaux were used to investigate the effects of SAR on the proliferation, ALP expression, and mineralization tuberculation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Mature osteoclasts were i-solated from the long bone of one-day rat. Meanwhile, marrow cells of mouse bone were cultured with induction of 1,25( OH)_2VitD_3. During the culturing of osteoclasts or marrow cells, SAR of different concentrations was added into the medium. The number of osteoclasts was recognized as tartrate resistant acid phosphatase( TRAP) ( +) multinucleate cells and the resorption lacuna on bone slice were examined with toluidine blue staining. Results: Comparing with the control group, SAR (0.01, 0. 1, 1μg/mL) significanthy increased the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). There was no significant difference in the expression of ALP in early pro-liferating MC3T3-E1 cells exposed to SAR of 0.01,0. 1, 1μg/mL, but in the differentiation phase MC3T3-E1 cells, SAR improved ALP activity very significantly if compared with the control group, of which SAR of 1 μg/mL had the most promotion effect(P <0. 01). In addition, compared to the control group, there were, to various ex-tents, increased in the number of mineral nodes in MC3T3-E1 cells after 15day incubation with SAR of different conentrations. Furthermore, no obvious effects of 0.01-1μg/mL SAR on mature osteoclast were observed. But typical osteoclasts were formed when marrow cells were cultured with the induction of 1,25(OH)_2D_3 in medium for 7 days while little or no osteoclasts were induced from marrow cells in the presence of SAR. Conclusion: The results suggest that SAR can effectively promote the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts cultured in vitro. Besides, SAR can inhibit the generation of osteoclasts from marrow cells.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic spine system in thoracic discectomy for disc herniation. Methods One patient with thoracic disc herniation involved the level of vertebral segment in T11/12 was treated with percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic spine system and followed up for 1 month. The targeted puncture was performed under local anesthesia and fluoroscopic guidance with patient in prone position. The foramen of T 11/12 was enlarged gradually with four trephinations, and the working cannula was inserted transforaminal into the canal. Then the herniation was exposed and removed with full endoscopic technique, including the loosen nucleus pulposus. The dural sac was exposed and released adequately. Drainage was placed during operation. Results The procedure was successfully carried out and the dural sac was completely released. The drainage was removed in the second day of operation. The patient could walk in the third day after operation with obvious relief of back and leg pain. At the follow-up of one month postoperation, the visual analogue scale of leg pain decreased from 8 to 1, and the Oswestry disability index (ODI) decreased from 64 to 4. According to MacNab scale, excellent result was acquired. Conclusion There is the feasibility of the percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic spine system in thoracic discectomy for disc herniation. It is a good minimal invasive technique with good results and high technical requirements for surgeons.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of an antifibrotic drug, pirfenidone, in preventing radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Male BALB/C mice were randomized into 4 groups:control group (C), radiation alone group (R), pirfenidone alone group (P), and pirfenidone plus radiation group (P + R). Irradiation was administrated to the whole pulmonary with a single fraction of 12 Gy. The pirfenidone was given 0. 3 ml/kg/d from 3 days prior to irradiation to 12 weeks after.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from right lung was collected for macrophages counting every monthmonthly until 6 months after irradiation, and left lungs were collected and fixed for. The pulmonary fibrosis was assessed by Masson trichrome staining. The plasma transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) was measured by ELISA. The lung hydroxyproline was evaluated by alkaline solution. Results Compared to group R, the counts of macrophages in BALF in group P + R were reduced by 76% and 62%, and hydroxyproline levels were reduced by 21% and 24% at the 4th and 5th months, respectively. The plasma TGF-β decreased from the 3rd month to 5th month. Pirfenidone markedly ameliorated the severity of lung fibrosis at the 4 - 6th month after radiation. Conclusions Pirfenidone can prevent radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis, the mechanism of which may be the reduced of inflammation and collagen deposition by decreasing macrophages and hydroxyproline.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of gross saponin tribulus terrestris(GSTT) on the apoptosis of PC12 cells was induced by H2O2 and its mechanism.Methods Apoptosis of PC12 cells was induced by H2O2 at the concentration of 300 ?mol?L-1.The cell activity was determined by MTT.Cells were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope.Hochest33258 staining was detected by fluorescence microscope.The subdiploid peaks showing cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry.Protein of Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with model group,the survival rate of PC12 cells increased (P

1. The blood supply of the tensor fascia lata myocutaneous free flap comes chiefly from the ascending branch of the lateral circumflex artery (76.74％) or its ascending and the transverse branches (23.26％). In most cases the ascending branch may be served as the vascular pedicle of myocutaneous free flap in transplatation. In a few cases the transverse branch my be used instead of the ascending one.2. The projection of the origin of the lateral circumflx artery on the body surface is at a point averaging 96.5mm below, and 49.2mm medial to the anterior superior iliac spine. This point is the surface landmark of the lateral circumflex artery. 3. The branches of the lateral circumflex artery may be classified into four types. Type 1—32 cases, 74.42％; Type Ⅱ—3 cases, 6.98％; Type Ⅲ—7 cases, 16.28％; Type Ⅳ—1 cases, 2.33％.4. The tensor fascia lata is chiefly supplied by the ascending branch of the lateral circumflex artery, it divides into a short superior and a long inferior twigs. Both twigs enter the muscle and form abundant anastomoses in the subcutaneus tissues. In order to reduce the thick ness of the free flap for the use in plastics, the superior twig with its supplying muscle is cut away and the inferior one's left to supply myocutaneus flap.5. The angle between the ascending branch and the inner surface of the tensor fasca lata varies between 44? to 120?, with an average of 66.5?. The original angle must be kept in transplantation, which favours the survival of the myocutaneus free flap.

Objective To study the method and conditions of determination of niclosamide in water. Methods Niclosamide was extracted by mixed extractent, then striped by NaOH. Niclosamide in NaOH solution was determined with dual-wavelength photometry. Results The recovery of niclosamide was 93%. The linear ranger was 0-4. 0 g/m3 and the detectable limit for niclosamide was 0. 042 7 g/m3. The apparent molar absorptivity was 1. 26 ?105 L/(mol?cm). Conclusion Extraction photometry is suitable for determination of niclosamide in water in the field.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of gross saponin tribulus terrestris(GSTT) on the apoptosis of pheochromocytoma cells(PC12 cells)induced by H2O2 and its mechanisms.Methods PC12 cells were divided into control,model,high dose GSTT(GSTT1) and low dose GSTT(GSTT2) groups.Apoptosis of PC12 cells was induced by H2O2 at the concentration of 300? mmol?L-1.The cell activity was determined by MTT.The subdiploid peaks showing cell apoptosis rate and ?m were detected by flow cytometry.Proteins of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with model group,the survival rate of PC12 increased(P

Objective To analyze imaging of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST),and to compare their imaging features with operational and pathological findings.Methods Clinical,imaging,and pathological data of 20 patients with GIST were collected.Results Imaging findings were endophytic or exophytic tumors with heterogeneous density or signal intensity,corresponding to hemorrhage,necrosis,and cystic changes.Imaging was correct for the location of the lesion in 11 of 16 primary GIST and 4 cases of relapsed tumors.Preoperational CT did not detect mesenteric,peritoneal,and omental metastasis in 5 cases. Hepatic metastases detected at CT (3 cases )were identified by operational findings.Conclusions GIST has some imaging features.CT is a useful tool in detecting and characterizating of lesions rather than detecting mesenteric,peritoneal,and omental metastasis.