Objective To investigate the treatment effect of the proximal humeral internal locking system (PHIL()S) on the elderly patients with displaced proximal humeral fractures.MethodsFrom Feb 2004 to Mar 2007, 36 patients (mean age: 72.2 years) with proximal humeral fractures were treated with PHILOS plate fixation which included 14 cases with 2-part, 17 cases with three-part and 5 cases with four-part fractures according to Neer classification.Operation time,intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion, perioperative complications and function evaluation of the operated shoulder joint were calculated with 14.5 months follow-up at average.Results The average operation time and blood loss were (61.5± 11.6) min and ( 165.2±91.2) ml, respectively. 1 case with accidents of blood vessel and 1 case with pneumonia were found without neurovascular injuries. All fractures were radiographically healed in an average of 3-5 months.No necrosis of humeral head appeared and 30 (83.3％) cases were excellent or good according to Neer scoring system. Two part fracture and early operation ( within 3 days after operation) might improve the postoperative function of shoulder joint, but the patient's age, gender and ASA score were not statistically with Neer score.Conclusions PHILOS plate fixation is a suitable procedure for displaced proximal humeral fractures via stable fixation and early rehabilitation, especially for elderly patients combined with osteoporosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of fracture and dislocation of atlantoaxial spine via posterior approach .Methods 19 patients with fracture and dislocation of atlantoaxial spine in this hospital from June 2011 to December 2013 were selected and treated with open reduction and pedicle screw fixation via posterior approach . The X‐radiographs were postoperatively re‐examined at regular time for understanding the correction of fracture and dislocation and implant fusion results ,the neurological functions were evaluated according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) scores . Results All cases got bony fusion without the occurrence of internal fixation loosening ,broken screw or broken rod .The JOA score was improved from preoperative (7 .35 ± 2 .39) points to postoperative (13 .21 ± 2 .53) points (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The posteri‐or atlantoaxial pedicle screw fixation and fusion for treating upper cervical spine injury has satisfactory effect .

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of nuclear transcription factor-?B(NF-?B) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) and the effect of dexamethasone(DEX) on its expression,to provide the experimental base for corresponding clinical treatment of the ALL,in which NF-?B is taken as a target.Methods 1.The biotin-streptavidin method was used to detect NF-?B P65 protein on 20 childhood ALL patients and 20 healthy children.2.The effect of DEX at clinically relevant dosage on NF-?B P65 protein were also detected by the biotin-streptavidin method.Results 1.The positive expression rate of NF-?B P65 protein in childhood ALL patients was 85.50%,obviously higher than that in normal group(10.0%)(?~2=22.56 P

Objective To explore the effects of application of laparoscopic simulators in teaching of plastic surgery. Methods 10 plastic surgeons and 20 standardized training surgical residents with 2 to 4 years' experience were tested about their proficiency in moving beans, pinching, suturing and tying by timing and counting. After they were trained with laparoscopic simulators 3, 6, 9 times with each time for 90 min, tests were taken. SPSS 19.0 was used to make single factor variance analysis of the related data or conduct q test. Result There was significant difference before and after the residents' training of moving beans, pinching, suturing and tying (P<0.05). Less time to finish the operation was needed after training, but after training for 6 times or 9 times, there was no significant difference in operation time (P >0.05). Conclusion Application of laparoscopic simulator training can significantly improve the operation skills of the novices with some clinical experience in the short term, which is conducive to the endoscope assisted breast augmentation surgery, and is worthy of promotion.

Objective To evaluate the effects of isoflurane postconditioning on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in brain tissues of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Methods One hundred and twenty 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 12-16 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),isoflurane group (group I),hypoxicischemic brain injury group (group HIBI),and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury + isoflurane postconditioning group (group HI).To establish hypoxic-ischemic brain injury model in the neonatal rats,the left common carotid artery ligation was carried out,and then the rats were exposed to 8％ O2 + 92％ N2 at 37 ℃ for 2 h in HIBI and HI groups.The rats inhaled 1.5 ％ isoflurane for 30 min after the model was established in group HI.The rats only inhaled 1.5％ isoflurane for 30 min in group I.At 24 h after the model was established,10 rats taken out randomly in each group were sacrificed and brains were removed to detect mPTP opening.At 7 days after the model was established,the survival rate was recorded in the rest rats.The rats were then sacrificed and brains were removed and the right and left cerebral hemispheres were weighed separately,and the ratio between left/right cerebral hemispheres was calculated.The density of normal neurons in ventral posterior inferior thalamic nucleus and hippocampal CA3 region in the left and right cerebral hemispheres were measured and the ratios of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere were calculated.Results There was no significant difference in the survival rate between the four groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group S,the ratios of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere,weight of left cerebral hemisphere,and ratio between left/right cerebral hemispheres were significantly decreased,and mPTP opening was increased in group HIBI (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group I (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group HIBI,the ratios of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere,weight of left cerebral hemisphere,and ratio between left/right cerebral hemispheres were significantly increased,and mPTP opening was decreased in group HI (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which isoflurane postconditioning reduces hypoxic-ischemic brain injury may be related to inhibition of mPTP opening in brain tissues of neonatal rats.

Objective To evaluate the effects of isoflurane postconditioning on long-term cognitive function of neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI).Methods Sixty 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 12-16 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Ⅰ),isoflurane postconditioning group (group Ⅱ),cerebral hypoxia-ischemia group (group Ⅲ),and isoflurane postconditioning after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia group (group Ⅳ).Brain ischemia was induced by permanent ligation of the left common carotid artery followed by inhalation of 8 ％ O2-92 ％ N2 for 2 h at 37 ℃ in Ⅲ and Ⅳ groups.In Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups,the left common carotid artery was only isolated but not ligated.The rats inhaled 1.5％ isoflurane in 30％ O2-70％ N2 for 30 min starting from 2 h of hypoxia in Ⅱ and Ⅳ groups.The rats were exposed to 30％ O2-70％ N2 for 30 min in Ⅰ and Ⅲ groups.Morris water maze test was carried out at 30-35 days after HIBI.The escape latency,swimming speed,swimming distance,the number of times the animals crossing the platform quadrant,the percentage of time spent in the platform quadrant and the percentage of swimming distance in the platform quadrant were recorded.The animals were sacrificed after Morris water maze test.The density of normal neurons in ventral posterior inferior thalamic nucleus and hippocampal CA3 region in left and right cerebral hemisphere was measured and the ratio of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere was calculated.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the escape latency was significantly prolonged at 30-34 days after HIBI in group Ⅲ and at 31 and 34 days after HIBI in Ⅳ group,the number of times the animals crossing the platform quadrant,percentage of time spent in the platform quadrant,percentage of swimming distance in the platform quadrant,and ratio of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere were decreased at day 35 after HIBI in group Ⅲ,no significant changes were found in the number of times the animals crossing the platform quadrant,percentage of time spent in the platform quadrant,and percentage of swimming distance in the platform quadrant,and the ratio of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere was decreased at day 35 after HIBI in group Ⅳ,and no significant changes were found in the parameters mentioned above in group Ⅱ.Compared with group Ⅲ,the escape latency was significantly shortened at 31-34 days after HIBI,and the number of times the animals crossing the platform quadrant,percentage of time spent in the platform quadrant,percentage of swimming distance in the platform quadrant,and ratio of the density of normal neurons in the left to right cerebral hemisphere were increased at day 35 after HIBI in group Ⅳ.There was no significant difference in the swimming speed and swimming distance at day 35 after HIBI between groups.Conclusion Isoflurane postconditioning can improve long-term cognitive function of neonatal rats with HIBI.

This paper reported a new type of amylase (neoamylase) secreted by a Bacillus strain ZX99. The enzyme was a kind of ectoenzyme that could catalyze starch into isomalto-oligosaccharide effectively, but could not act on pullulan as substrate. The strain Bacillus ZX99 was mutated by ultraviolet ray and a mutant strain BS3.232 was screened. The activity of the neoamylase produced from BS3.232 increased by 60% over that from ZX99 under the same conditions. The results of thin-layer chromatography of products from starch and pullulan catalyzed by the enzyme demonstrated that the enzyme was different from neopullulanase and can be used to produce isomaltooligosaccharide from starch, including isomaltose, panose, isomaltotriose, isomaltotetose.

Objective To compare of the effect of intravenous zoledronic acid and calcitonin on the elderly with osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures.Methods From June 2009 to November 2012,610 patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures were treated with closed reduction and internal fixation.543 consecutive patients were grouped sequentially according to the admission time.From June 2009 to April 2011,control group (n=325)received calcitonin for osteoporosis (male 107,female 218,mean age 75.02±5.65 years).The number of Evans-Jensen type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ type patients were 87,136,and 102,respectively.Average lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) and hip BMD were 0.737±0.08 g/cm2 and 0.725±0.05 g/cm2,respectively.From May 2011 to November 2012,218 patients (male 82,female 136,mean age 74.71±5.32 years) received zoledronic acid for osteoporosis.The number of Evans-Jensen type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ type patient were 62,91 and 65,respectively.Average lumbar BMD and hip BMD were 0.738±0.05 g/cm2 and 0.722±0.06 g/cm2,respectively.All patients received once-yearly intravenous zoledronic acid in one week after operation.The BMD during hospitalization and one year after operation were compared between the two groups.Harris score and VAS score were applied to evaluate the function and pain degree of the operated hip joint.Results The average follow-up time were 12.8 months (range,5 to 22 months) in control group and 12.5 months (range,4 to 19 months) in treatment group.The average fracture union time,Harris score,VAS score were 14.25±1.38 weeks,68.88±5.71 points,and 0.36±0.55 points respectively in treatment group and 14.39± 1.12 weeks,69.47±4.60 points,and 0.33±0.48 points respectively in control group.There were no statistical differences between two groups in fracture union time,Harris score and VAS score.The average lumbar BMD and hip BMD were 0.76±0.06 g/cm2 and 0.75±0.04 g/cm2 in treatment group,which were 0.75±0.07 g/cm2 and 0.74± 0.07 g/cm2 in control group one year after operation,respectively.Compared with the baseline,the BMD of lumbar spine and hip one year after operation slightly increased without statistically significant difference in control group.The BMD increased significantly in treatment group.Conclusion Early administration of intravenous zoledronic acid does not influence bone healing and it could increase BMD one year after closed reduction and internal fixation.

This study is to screen the Chinese herbal compounds which could inhibit the production of Abeta and investigate the underlying mechanism. Ten types of compounds which have potential value in the treatment of AD were selected as initial screening trial. The cell models which used could overexpress Abeta and beta-secretases or Abeta and gamma-secretases. Extracellular Abeta was determined by ELISA after the cell models treated with different concentrations of compounds (0.5-100 micromol x L(-1)), separately. Then the compounds were selected which could inhibit extracellular Abeta and their best concentration ranges were decided, too. Furthermore, the cell viability and apoptosis rate, the level of intracellular Abeta, beta and gamma-secretases were determined after the cell models treated with different concentrations of selected compounds. The results showed that 4 of the 10 compounds could reduce the level of extracellular Abeta; they were cryptotanshinone, astragalosides, gastrodin and paeoniflorin, and their best concentration ranges were 0.5-5.0, 0.5-5.0, 5.0-50, 1.0-25 micromol x L(-1), respectively. Further study indicated that the 4 selected compounds were nontoxic to the cellular models and lowering intracellular Abeta were more effective compared with extracellular; of which astragalosides and gastrodin showed dose-dependent inhibition to the activities of beta and gamma-secretases, with the maximum inhibiting rates of 78.2% and 80.3%, respectively. In conclusion, cryptotanshinone, astragalosides, gastrodin and paeoniflorin could inhibit the expression and secretion of Abeta, and the underlying inhibiting mechanism of astragalosides and gastrodin were related with the reduction of the beta and gamma-secretase activities, respectively.
Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Apoptosis ; Benzyl Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Saponins ; pharmacology

Rutaecarpine (Rut) is a type of indole quinazoline alkaloid exracted from Ruticarpum. Studies showed that Rut has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-hypertension, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-thrombus formation. Currently, many scholars are committed to developing it into a new antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory drug with all new mechanisms. But studies found that Rut is a highly fat-soluble drug with low water and oil solubility. Its high insolubility is the main obstacle in its oral absorption and application, which greatly reduced its bioavailability. Therefore, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) was used as the inclusion material to prepare Rut-HP-beta-CD inclusion complex in this experiment, in order to increase its water solubility and bioavailability. In this experiment, the inclusion complex was prepared by the stirring-freeze-dry method. The preparation process was optimized by the orthogonal test, with the inclusion rate as the index, and molar ratio between host and guest molecules, inclusion temperature, time and stirring speed as the impacting factors. Moreover, the inclusion complex was verified by detecting the apparent solubility, thin layer chromatography, microscopic identification, melting point detection and dissolution study. The results showed that under the conditions of the molar ratio between Rut and HP-beta-CD of 1: 1, temperature at 60 degrees C, inclusion time of 4h and stirring speed at 600 r x min(-1), the inclusion rate of Rut-HP-beta-CD reached 91.04%. Therefore, the preparation process of Rut-HP-beta-CD inclusion under the optimum conditions is simple and feasible, with a highest inclusion rate and reproducibility, and could significantly improve Rut's solubility and bioavailability, and provide a reliable experimental basis for its clinical application.
2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ; Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Rutaceae ; chemistry ; Solubility ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry