Child ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; urine ; Proteinuria ; urine ; Severity of Illness Index

Objective To determine the efficacy of Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation(NPPV)in the management of patients with respiratory failure due to an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods Forty-two patients were included in the study.Of them,21 were randomly allocated to receive NPPV plus “standard care” and 21 to “standard care”.Both groups had similar characteristics upon their admission in the hospital.Results The use of NPPV significantly decreased the PaCO_2 level and respiratory rates,but significantly increased the PaO_2 level after 2 hours of treatment(P

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; blood ; metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; blood ; metabolism

Penicillin expandase, also known as deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (DAOCS), is an essential enzyme involved in cephalosporin C biosynthesis. To evaluate the catalytic behaviors of penicillin expandase under high penicillin G concentration and to identify mutants suitable for industrial applications, the specific activities of wild-type DAOCS and several mutants with increased activities toward penicillin G were determined by HPLC under high penicillin G concentrations. Their specific activity profiles were compared with theoretical predictions by different catalytic dynamics models. We evaluated the specific activities of wild-type DAOCS and previous reported high-activity mutants H4, H5, H6 and H7 at concentrations ranging from 5.6 to 500 mmol/L penicillin G. The specific activities of wild-type DAOCS and mutant H4 increased as penicillin G concentration increased, but decreased when concentrations of substrate go above 200 mmol/L. Other mutants H5, H6 and H7 showed more complex behaviors under high concentration of penicillin G. Among all tested enzymes, mutant H6 showed the highest activity when concentration of penicillin G is above 100 mmol/L. Our results revealed that the substrate inhibition to wild-type DAOCS' by penicillin G is noncompetitive. Other DAOCS mutants showed more complex trends in their specific activities at high concentration of penicillin G (>100 mmol/L), indicating more complex substrate inhibition mechanism might exist. The substrate inhibition and activity of DAOCS mutants at high penicillin G concentration provide important insight to help select proper mutants for industrial application.
Catalysis ; Intramolecular Transferases ; genetics ; Mutation ; Penicillin G ; pharmacology ; Penicillin-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Streptomyces ; enzymology ; genetics

BACKGROUND: Having breakfast everyday is a behavior promoting health recommended WHO, while it is easy to be ignored.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the breakfast habits of pupils in Beijing and Shanghai so as to provide a scientific basis for further studying the problems in having breakfast among the pupils, drafting and developing "nutritious breakfast program for students".DESIGN: Stratified and cluster sampling and investigation study were used based on the pupils.SETTING: Institute of health for child of two universities.SUBJECTS: A total of 8688 six to eleven years old Beijing and Shanghai pupils were involved from March 2002 to June 2002. Among them 4692 pupils came from Beijing. There were 4637 valid questionnaires, 2386 of which were from male pupils and 2251 from female pupiIs. Among the total subjects, there were 4300 Shanghai pupils, and 4051 questionnaires were valid, of which 2031 were from the male pupils and 2020 from female students.METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted. The content of the questionnaire included the general conditions of the family, dietary preferences, food for breakfast, consumption of the milk food and so on.RESULTS: The results showed that about 25.8% boys and 21.6% girls in Beijing did not eat breakfast regularly; similarly, the percentage was about 11.4% for boys and 13.3% for girls in Shanghai. The reasons for not having breakfast included the following: They had no appetite, or had no enough time for it, or the parents were too busy to prepare in the mornings. For those of them who eat breakfasts, the nutrients of their breakfast usually were not adequate. 55% of the students had their breakfast prepared by their mothers. As for the eating sites, students mainly ate at home; the next was having it on the way to school or eating at the roadside luncheonettes. The cost of breakfast was 2 - 3 yuan. The breakfast behaviors of the pupils were closely related with the behaviors of their mothers( r = 0. 4333, P < 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: It is suggested that quality of breakfast of the pupils need to be improved. The behaviors of the parents influence their children in breakfast habits.

Objective To research the mechanism or pathway through which Substance P(SP) inhibits r-aminobutyric acid(GABA) activated currents in bullfrog dorsal root ganglion(DRG) neurons.Method The experiment was conducted on freshly isolated bullfrog dorsal root ganglion neurons using a whole-cell patch-clamp technique.Results SP could caused a slow inward current when SP was applied to DRG neurons;SP could inhibits GABA-activated currents;The inhibition could be reduced largely when protein kinase C(PKC) inhibiter,1-(5-isoquinolinesulphorry)-2-methylpiperazine(H-7), was dialyzed in cell body.Conclusion The SP ton inhibit GABA-activated currents through protein kinase C.

Serum sialic acid (SA) levels were detected by neuraminidase method in 366 patients with malignant tumor, 40 patients with benign diseases and 40 healthy subjects.For 277 malignant tumor patients, serum SA levels were monitored before and after treatment.The serum SA levels in malignant tumor group were significantly higher than those in benign diseases and control groups (P ＜0.01 ), but there were no differences between normal and benign groups (P ＞0.05 ).Serum SA levels were decreased in malignant tumor patients with remission and stable disease after treatment.In remission or stable patients the decrease of serum SA levels occurred in the first three months and no changes were found from the fourth to sixth month; meanwhile SA levels were elevated in patients with instablc condition.

Objective To evaluate the application value of T cell infected with Mybacterium tuberculosis assay in diagnosis of smear and culture negative pulmonary tuberculosis .Methods In total ,145 patients with smear and culture negative pulmonary tu‐berculosis and 45 patients with non‐tuberculosis lung disease were enrolled in the study .All patients received T cell infected with Mybacterium tuberculosis test and sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predicted value ,negative predicted value of testing for the diagno‐sis of smear and culture‐negative TB patients were calculated .Results The sensitivity of specificity T cell infected with Mybacteri‐um tuberculosis assay in diagnosis of smear and culture negative pulmonary tuberculosis was 85 .5% ,the specificity was 84 .4% , positive predicted value was 94 .7% ,negative predicted value was 64 .4% .No statistical significance in age‐dependent groups(P>0 .05) .Conclusion T cell infected with Mybacterium tuberculosis assay has high positive predicted value in diagnosis of smear and culture negative pulmonary tuberculosis and is suitable for clinical auxiliary diagnosis .

Objective To study the effect of sanguinarine on the growth and radiosensitivity of ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells.Methods Cell growth was determined by MTT and clonogenic assay.Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry assay.The cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/PI assay.Results Sanguinarine inhibited SK-OV-3 cell growth in a dose-and time-dependent fashion and its IC50 values were 3.02 and 1.11 μmol/L at 24 and 48 h,respectively. Sanguinarine also significantly triggered a sub-G1 peak,an indicator of apoptosis,and caused a G0/G1 arrest.Furthermore,the cell apoptosis induced by X-irradiation was significantly increased at 6 Gy when the cells were pre-treated with sanguinarine,in which the early apoptotic population increased from 10.28％ to 43.28％ (t =19.41,P ＜0.01 ) and the late apoptotic population increased from 20.26％ to 30.80％ ( t =8.78,P ＜ 0.01 ).The multi-target click model was used to fit survival curves and the SER of sanguinarine treatment approached to 1.625 at the dose of D0. Conclusions Sanguinarine could inhibit SK-OV-3 cell growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and enhance cell radiosensitivity at low doses.