Neonatal nerves exist in tumor tissues,and tumor cells can invade nerve by neurogenesis.Current research shows that cancer cells can secrete cytokines to promote the differentiation and growth of nerve cells,in turn,the differentiation and growth of nerve cells can stimulate tumor development and metastasis.Neurogenesis is one way of interaction bettween tumor cells and microenvironment similar to angiogenesis and lymphangiogcnesis,which has a major impact on biological behavior of tumor cells and prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the surgical procedures and both oncological and functional outcome in patients with bone tumors of the shoulder girdle.Methods Seventy-one patients including 61.pts with malignant tumor and 10 pts with giant cell tumors of the shoulder girdle treated in our department from July 1998 to July 2006 were studied retrospectively.According to the location,there were 15 pts with scapula tumor and 56 pts with proximal humeral tumor.Forty-two male pts and 29 female pts were included in this study with an average age of 36.5 years old ranging from 11.to 62 years old.Surgical procedures:forequarter amputation in 10 pts;Scapulectomy in 3 pts;Scapulectomy and artificial scapular replacement in 3pts;partial scapulectomy and proximal humerus resection with prosthetic reconstruction in 8 pts;proximal humerus resection and prosthesis replacement in 47 pts.Results Due to adequate soft tissue was preserved,the mean functional score was 28 for the pts with giant cell tumor according to MSTS functional scoring system,compared with the functional score 23 for the pts with malignant tumor because the deltoid muscle insertion was resected in the latter group.Among the thirty-seven patients with osteosarcoma,local recurrence occurred in four cases(10.8%),lung metastasis in five and bone metastasis in two.The seven patients died of disease.One patient iagnosed of malignancy in giant cell tumor died after distal metastasis.thtee patients with Ewing sarcoma died of the disease.No recurrence Wag observed in both five humeral chondrosarcoma and five scapular chondrosarcoma.Conclusion Tumot resection and proximal humeral prostbesis replacement is the optimal method for the sarcoma of shoulder girdle in term of preservation of elbow and hand function.Preservation of abductor insertion is necessary for good abduction function.The metastatic rate of proximal humeral osteosarcoma was lower than that of lower extremities.also the prognosis of oncological outcome.Intra-articular and extra-atticular tumor resection produced similar local recurrence rate in the present study,which suggested intra-articular resection may be an altemafive procedure.

Objective To evaluate the value of double stapling technique with curved cutter stapler in colorectal anastomosis,especially in low colorectal anastomosis. Methods The clinical data of 168 cases of rectal carcinomas treated with double stapling technique with curved cutter stapler were retrospectively reviewed.The intraoperative condition,postoperative complications and findings during follow up were analysed. Results During the operations,the processes of closure and anastomosis of all the patients were satisfactory,and no operative death occurred.After the operations,4 cases(2.4%) had anastomotic leakage,3 cases(1.8%) had anastomotic bleeding,and 2 cases(1.2%) had rectovaginal fistula.All the complications were cured.There was no anastomotic stricture. Conclusion Double stapling technique with curved cutter stapler may help to accomplish low colorectal anastomosis which is a difficult task for handed suture.

Objective To explore the application of case-based discussion combined with translational medicine teaching method in clinical teaching of gastrointestinal surgery.Methods Totally 100 undergraduates of clinical medicine in grade 2007 and 100 undergraduates in grade 2008 from the second military medical university were divided into experimental class (50 students,25 in discussion class and 25 in comprehensive class) and control class (50 students).Method of case-based discussion was applied in discussion class; method of case-based discussion combined with translational medicine was employed in comprehensive class and traditional method was used in control class.Results Scores in experimental class were superior to those in control class ; questionnaire survey showed that 90％ students thought the new model was better than the traditional model; the interests of students in exploring clinical problem in experimental class were increased (90％ vs.50％ ) ;the sense of mission and responsibility was Strengthened (86％ vs.64％ ) ;the scientific research thinking was more active (80％ vs.48％ ) ; the individual ability and quality were enhanced (76％ vs.50％ ),the depth and width of study were markedly increased (80％ vs.52％ ),the consciousness of independent study and thinking was strengthened (88％ vs.54％ ).Comprehensive class had more obvious improvements in scientific research thinking,individual ability and quality,depth and width of study,independent study and thinking.Conclusions The new teaching model which combined translational medicine with case discussion breaks through the traditional model and adapts to the requirements of modem medicine,it can enhance the teaching effect and worth promoting in educational reform.

Objective To explore the competency of community health administrators in a survey of such administrators at large in Shanghai. Methods McClelland's Competency Dictionary was used to set two benchmark positions, while the behavioral event interviewing and questionnaires were made to survey 19 community health service centers in Shanghai. Results The competency model benchmarking on the head of a medical branch consists of 6 character clusters, 11 characteristic items, 27 evaluation dimensions and 27 typical behavior descriptions. The model benchmarking on the community team leader consists of 5 character clusters, 8 characteristic items, 21 evaluation dimensions and 21 typical behavior descriptions. Conclusion Findings of the survey provide objective criteria for competence appraisal of community health administrators, and serve as reference for formulating their development plans as well.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of an antifibrotic drug, pirfenidone, in preventing radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Male BALB/C mice were randomized into 4 groups:control group (C), radiation alone group (R), pirfenidone alone group (P), and pirfenidone plus radiation group (P + R). Irradiation was administrated to the whole pulmonary with a single fraction of 12 Gy. The pirfenidone was given 0. 3 ml/kg/d from 3 days prior to irradiation to 12 weeks after.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from right lung was collected for macrophages counting every monthmonthly until 6 months after irradiation, and left lungs were collected and fixed for. The pulmonary fibrosis was assessed by Masson trichrome staining. The plasma transforming growth factor β(TGF-β) was measured by ELISA. The lung hydroxyproline was evaluated by alkaline solution. Results Compared to group R, the counts of macrophages in BALF in group P + R were reduced by 76% and 62%, and hydroxyproline levels were reduced by 21% and 24% at the 4th and 5th months, respectively. The plasma TGF-β decreased from the 3rd month to 5th month. Pirfenidone markedly ameliorated the severity of lung fibrosis at the 4 - 6th month after radiation. Conclusions Pirfenidone can prevent radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis, the mechanism of which may be the reduced of inflammation and collagen deposition by decreasing macrophages and hydroxyproline.

Objective To explore the clinical value of tissue synchronization imaging(TSI) in assessment of the characteristics of myocardium asynchrony in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy(ICM). Methods Thirty-eight patients with ICM were divided into two groups: 26 patients without left bundle branch block(LBBB) in group A, and 12 patients with LBBB in group B. The control group consisted of 26 normal healthy subjects. According to 2D color,the characteristics of myocardium motion in each group were compared by TSI. The time for reaching systolic velocity peak(Ts) and early diastole velicity peak(Te) were measured separately in 12 segments. Standard deviations of Ts(Ts-SD) and Te(Te-SD) as well as difference of Ts(Ts max-min) and Te(Te max-min) of all 12 segments were calculated. The myocardium synchronization were assessed in each group. Results ①91.8% segments in the control group showed normal, with only 8.2% segments were slightly prolonged. TSI of all the ICM patients showed an obvious uneven chroma distribution from green to yellow and then to red. There were far more yellow or red segments than in the control group. ②Ts-SD.Ts max-min of LV 12 segments were significantly prolonged in all ICM groups compared with that in the control group ( P <0. 05). Systolic asynchrony was more obvious in group B than in group A. ③Te-SD,Te max-min of LV 12 segments were significantly prolonged in ICM groups than in the control group ( P < 0. 05). Diastolic asynchrony was more obvious in group B than in group A( P < 0. 05). ④Compared with that in the control group, postsystolic shortening(PSS) was common in patients with ICM. 32. 4% segments of group A were detected PSS.and 56. 0% segments of group B were detected PSS. Conclusions Left ventricular systolic and diastolic mechanical asynchrony is obvious in patients with ICM and PSS is common among them. Systolic and diastolic mechanical asynchrony is more severe in ICM patients with LBBB. TSI is the optimal means to evaluate the characteristics of asynchronous myocardial contraction.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of combined detection of H‐FABP with cTnI in the diagnosis of myo‐cardial damage caused by hypoglycemia .Methods Levels of blood H‐FABP and cTnI were examined at 0 to 3 h ,24 h ,48 h after hy‐poglycemia diagnosed ,and were compared with the control group .The levels of H‐FABP and cTnI at 24 h after hypoglycemia diag‐nosed were compared among different groups separated according to the decreasing extent of blood sugar (1 .0 to 2 .1 mmol/L ,<1 .0 mmol/L group) ,the duration of hypoglycemia (< 24 h ,≥ 24 h group) and clinical feature of hypoglycemia (symptom and no symptom group) .The sensitivity and specificity of H‐FABP and cTnI in myocardial damage was also statistical analyzed in this study . Results The statistic difference of the increasing H‐FABP levels was found for 0 to 3 h(P<0 .01) and 24 h (P<0 .01) ,but not found for 48 h(P>0 .05) .The statistic difference of the increasing cTnI levels existed for 24 h (P<0 .01) and 48 h (P<0 .01) ,but not for 0 to 3 h (P>0 .05) .The increasing extent of H‐FABP and cTnI levels was obvious for group with blood sugar <1 .0 mmol/L ,duration of hypoglycemia ≥24 h and have hypoglycemia symptom ,these data have obvious statistic difference compared with other groups(P<0 .05 ,P<0 .01 ,P<0 .01) .The sensitivity and specificity of H‐FABP methods were higher than those of cTnI ac‐cording to the 0 to 3 h and 24 h detection data ,while the opposite result was found for 48 h .Conclusion Combined detection of H‐FABP with cTnI could be well applied in the diagnosis of myocardial damage caused by hypoglycemia .

Objective To summarize the clinical features of different racial patients with celiac disease (CD) and analyze the disease prevalence,diagnosis and treatment in Chinese population.Methods All the patients were diagnosed as CD and enrolled in Beijing United Family Hospital between January 2005 and July 2015.Clinical data including nationality,age,symptoms,endoscopic and pathological findings,outcome were collected and compared in patients from different countries.Results A total of 87 patients were enrolled including 63 Caucasians,18 Asian patients and 6 Middle East patients.The peak age of disease onset was 40-60 years old.Patients with typical symptoms such as chronic diarrhea and weight loss only accounted for 20.7％ (18/87) and 9.2％ (8/87) respectively.Some patients presented with nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain and bloating [32.2％ (28/87)],even constipation [5.7％ (5/87)].13.8％ (12/87) patients were previously diagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome.The incidence of abdominal pain,bloating,diarrhea and constipation between Asians and Caucasians had no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05);but the proportions of weight loss,growth retardation,iron deficiency anemia and dermatitis herpetiformis in Asian group were significantly higher than that in Caucasian group (P ＜ 0.05).IgA type of anti-gliadin antibody (AGA),endomysium antibody (EMA) and tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTGA) were dominant autoimmune antibodies in patients with CD,which accounted for 58.6％ (51/87),44.8％ (39/87) and 36.8％ (32/87) respectively.The endoscopy showed that the lesion of CD was mainly located in small intestine,with reducing severity from the proximal to the distal small intestine.The lesions of duodenal bulb and descending duodenum appeared more significant in Asian group.Accordingly pathological intestinal atrophy and the degree of intraepithelial lymphocytosis were more severe in Asian patients.All 87 cases took the gluten-free diet (GFD).Eighty-one cases received serological follow up and 8 with endoscopic intestinal biopsy.The celiac disease antibodies in 47 patients turned negative from 6-9 months after GFD treatment,while 34 patients turned negative from 12-18 months after GFD.All patients reported disease remission to some extent.After 1 year GFD treatment,the pathology of endoscopic intestinal biopsy in 8 patients showed significant improvement of villous atrophy and lymphocyte infiltration.Conclusions CD patients with typical clinical manifestations are not the majority.Serological celiac disease antibodies (AGA,EMA and tTGA) have a high diagnostic value.GFD treatment is effective on majority of celiac patients.Clinical manifestations,endoscopy,intestinal pathology,and response to GFD in Chinese patients are not the same as Caucasians.Clinicians need to pay attention to the differential diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and safety of dexmedetomidine combined with remifentanil on postoperative cognition and hemodynamics in patients underwent colon cancer surgery.METHODS:One hundred undergoing colon cancer sur gery in our hospital during Jun.2013-Apr.2016 were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to random number table,with 50 cases in each group.Control group was given Remifentanil hydrochloride for injection 2-4 μg/kg for anesthesia induction,with maintenance dose of 0.5-2 μg· kg/min;observation group was treated with Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride for injection 0.5 μg/kg and remifentanil 2-4 μg/kg for anesthesia induction,with maintenance dose of Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride for injection 0.4 μg·kg/h+Remifentanil hydrochloride for injection 0.5-2 μg·kg/min.MMSE score and the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) were observed in 2 groups 1,2,3 d after surgery,and the occurrence of ADR was record ed.RESULTS:The incidence of POCD in observation group 1,2,3 d after surgery were 16.0％,4.0％,6.0％,which was signifi cantly higher than 36.0％,12.0％,10.0％ of control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in MMSE score between 2 groups 1,3 d after operation (P＞0.05).2 d after surgery,MMSE score of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in hemodynamic indexes,the incidence of ADR as blood pressure increasing,amyostasia,nausea and vomiting between 2 groups 1,2,3 d after surgery (P＞0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Dexmedetomidine combined with remifentanil can significantly improve postoperative POCD in patients underwent colon cancer surgery and have little effect on hemodynamics with good safety.