Objective To explore the relationship between vascular lesions and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in the elderly.Methods 74 patients aged 60 years and over with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in Huanhu Hospital and 80 subjects without vertigo history in the medical examination center of the same hospital were randomly divided into the case group and the control group,respectively.The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and plaque in the carotid artery were detected using high-resolution color duplex ultrasound for evaluating large vascular lesions.At the same time,T1WI,T2WI and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) were performed with high-field 3.0 T MRI scanner as the detection index of small vascular lesions to compare the difference in severity of lacunar infarction,leukoaraiosis and micro hemorrhage between the two groups.Both indexes were used together to compare the overall difference in the intracranial and extracranial vascular lesions between the two groups.Results Between the case group and the control group,there were significant differences in the CIMT [(0.96±0.21) mm vs.(0.84±0.26) mm,t=3.136,P＜0.05],the detection rate of plaque (89.2％ vs.72.5％,x2 =5.803,P＜0.05),the number of lacunar infarction [(3.48± 1.67) vs.(2.34± 2.06),t=1.994,P＜0.05] and the score of white matter [(4.77±2.15) vs.(3.95±2.04),t=2.430,P＜0.05].There was no significant difference in the positive detection rate of the cerebral microbleeds in the case group and control group (22.9％ vs.17.5％,x2=0.4264,P＞0.05).Conclusions There is a relationship between the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and intracranial or extracranial vascular lesions in the elderly.Vascular factor may play an important role in the pathogenesis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.Not only the atherosclerosis of large and small arteries but also the microcirculation disturbance may be partly attributed to the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in the elderly.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyse characteristics of CRC in a cohort under the age of 40 .Methods Using single center retrospective cohort study ,we reviewed the prospectively collected database of 2 897 colorectal cancer patients who had undergone curative CRC resections in Chongqing Medical University between 2010 and 2014 .175 patients (5 .8% ) were under 40 ,in which six patients for various reasons (including recurrent colorectal cancer hospital ,incomplete information ,etc .) were excluded .A group of 180 consecutive patients over the age of 40 undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer in the same centre was used as control .Results There had no difference in tumor classification and tumor location between the younger group (<40) and the older group(>40) ,but the lymph node positive rate in younger group was higher ,unable to accurately grasp the preopera‐tive lymph node status ,lead to lack of preoperative staging ,and that made it difficult to preoperative treatment options .Conclusion Therefore ,to young people in colorectal preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiation indications and the assurance of intraoperative re‐section range ,we need to do more consideration.

Objective To analyze the clinical data of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA),and to compare the therapeutic effects of different methods on treating these patients.Methods The clinical data of 101 patients with HCCA in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University were analyzed.Results The overall 1-year and 2-year survival rates in the radical operation group were 95.5％ and 40.9％,respectively.There was a significant difference between the radical operation group and the palliative resection group (P ＜ 0.05).The overall 1-year and 2-year survival rates in the palliative resection group were 75.0％ and 16.7％,respectively,which were much better than those in patients treated with PTCD,biliary stent on open abdominal biliary drainage (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences among the PTCD,biliary stent and open abdominal biliary drainage groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Radical HCCA resection is still the best and the first choice treatment for patients with HCCA.The therapeutic effects of radical operation were much better than those of palliative resection,biliary stent,PTCD and open abdominal biliary drainage.

Objective To investigate the effect of tea polyphenols on global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.Method Forty-five pathogen-free male SD rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups( n =15 each):sham operation group (group S),cerebral ischemia reperfusion group (group IR) and tea polyphenols group (group TP).Global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was establish by four-vessel occlusion method.At 24 h of reperfusion,five rats were chosen and Evan's blue(EB) was injected iv,and then sacrificed and brain was removed for determination of EB content; another five rats were sacrificed and brain was removed for determination of water content; five rats were chosen for Morris water maze test.Result Compared with group S,EB content and water content in brain tissue were increased in groups IR and 'rP,and escape latency was prolonged,frequency of crossing the original platform was reduced in group IR ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with group IR,EB content and water content in brain tissue were decreased,and escape latency was shortened,frequency of crossing the original platform was increased in group Tp ( P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tea polyphenols can attenuate global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

AIM: To compare the safety and efficacy of conjunctival autograft transplant ( CAT ) and limbal - conjunctival autograft transplant (LCAT) for primary pterygium.
METHODS: In this prospective, randomized and controlled clinical study, 120 patients ( 120 eyes ) diagnosed with primary pterygium were collected in NO. 474 Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 2014 to January 2015. The 120 patients enrolled in the study in turn, and divided into two group by the odd and even number. The odd number underwent CAT and the even number underwent LCAT.
RESULTS:One hundred and seven patients (107 eyes) completed the follow-up of 1a, including 54 patients (54 eyes) from the CAT group and 53 patients (53 eyes) from the LCAT group. Four patients (4 eyes, recurrence rate 7. 4%) in the CAT group and 2 patients ( 2 eyes, recurrence rate 3. 8%) in the LCAT group developed recurrence. However, there were no significant in recurrence rate between CAT group and LCAT group (P =0. 678).
CONCLUSION: CAT and LCAT might be both effective treatment for primary pterygium for reducing the recurrence rate of pterygium. However, LCAT is the optimal surgical method for primary pterygium.

Objective To explore the incidence and imageological features of patients with the hippocampal sclerosis-associated medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods Seventy-eight patients with the medial temporal lobe epi?lepsy were recruited from our hospital during February 2012 to December 2013. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resonance spectroscopy (MRS) analysis were conducted in patients with with the hippocampal sclerosis-associated medial temporal lobe epilepsy, patients with epilepsy without the medial temporal lobe diseases and healthy controls. Results The incidence of hippocampal sclerosis was 58.97%among patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy which were significantly higher compared with either healthy control group or patients with epilepsy without the medial tempo?ral lobe diseases. The average hippocampal volume of the medial temporal lobe epilepsy group(2305.68±814.61 mm3、2456.71±743. 60 mm3)was significantly smaller compared with either healthy controls or patients with epilepsy without the medial temporal lobe diseases. MRI revealed increased T2WI signal and hippocampal atrophy in 74.55%of patients with hippocampal sclerosis-associated medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Sclerosis was detected on the left side (52.17%) and bilateral hippocampus (19.57%). MRS showed that NAA/(Cr ± Cho) significantly reduced (0.58± 0.19) in the hip?pocampal sclerosis. Conclusions Hippocampal sclerosis may be the main imaging features of the medial temporal lobe epilepsy which are characterized by the hippocampal atrophy and high T2WI signal.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of hepatitis C viurs (HCV)infection and its genotypes in Yancheng area . Methods A total of 20 185 cases of subjects receiving healthy examination were collected ,and fasting blood levels of serum anti‐HCV were detected .Clinical data of patients with HCV infection were statistically analysed .HCV genotypes and levels of HCV RNA were detected ,and their clinical prognosis was judged by type‐B ultrasonic .Results The total infection rate of HCV was 1 .22% .The infection rate of male was higher than that of female and the infection rate was increased with the elevation of age .The genotype 1b was accounted for 73 .17% .The results of type‐B ultrasonic shown that all patients infected with genotype 6 and 1b/2a HCV only had liver damage .80 .77% of patients infected with genotype 2a HCV had liver damage ,which was higher than that of patients infected with 16 and 3a+3b genotypes .Conclusion Most of HCV infected patients are male ,and the infection rate might be increased with the elevation of age .The prognosis is in various different genotypes of HCV ,which indicates that the prognosis could be evaluated by genotyping .

Objective To explore the expressions and correlation of RWD containing sumoylation enhancer (RSUME),small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO-1),hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)in gliomas of different pathologic grade.Methods We investigated the expression levels of RSUME mRNA,HIF-1α mRNA and VEGF mRNA with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),and investigated the immunohistochemical staining to determine the expressions of SUMO-1,HIF-1α and VEGF in 63 cases of human gliomas of different pathologic grade and 9 cases of normal brain tissues.We studied its correlation with the pathologic grade and the relationship between the expression of RSUME promoter sumoylation and HIF-1α/VEGF pathway in gliomas.Results There were significant differences (P <0.01)in the expressions of RSUME mRNA,HIF-1αmRNA and VEGF mRNA in glioma tissues.With the increasing degree of pathologic grade in tumor specimens,the expression levels of RSUME mRNA,HIF-1α mRNA and VEGF mRNA increased markedly (P <0.01 ).There was a positive correlation of the expression levels of RSUME mRNA with HIF-1αmRNA and VEGF mRNA.There were significant differences (P <0.01 )in the expressions of SUMO-1,HIF-1αand VEGF in glioma tissues by immunohistochemical staining.With the ascending of pathologic grade of tumor specimens,the expression levels of SUMO-1,HIF-1α and VEGF increased markedly (P < 0.01 ).There was a positive correlation between the expression level of SUMO-1 and HIF-1α(r =0.857,P <0.01).The Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log-rank test showed significant differences in progress free survival (PFS)between the RSUME high-expression and low-expression groups (χ2 =36.032,P <0.01).Conclusion RSUME may enhance HIF-1α/VEGF pathway through sumoylation in gliomas.It implicates that RSUME is related to angiogenesis in gliomas and can promote tumor invasion and progression,indicating that RSUME can be a novel target in gliomas treatment.

15mm~2)of dural sac cross-sectional area to values smaller than 75 mm~2 was found during examination in axial loading,or if a suspected disc herniation,narrow lateral recess,narrow intervertebral foramen,or intraspinal synovial cyst changed to being obvious at the axial loading examination,they were regarded as additional information.Results After axial loading CT examination,AVI was found in 16 of 40 patients.A significant decrease of dural sac area was found in 13 patients.Intervertebral disc herniation was more severe in 7 patients,lateral recess or interverbral foramen narrowed in 4 patients,no intraspinal synovial cyst was found.After axial loading MRI examination,AVI was found in 19 of 60 patients.A significant decrease of dural sac area was found in 13 patients.Intervertebral disc herniation became severe in 10 patients,lateral recess or interverbral foramen narrowed in 8 patients,no intraspinal synovial cyst was found.AVI was found in 32 of 79(40.5%)patients with sciatica and 2 of 20(10.0%)patients with low back pain(?~2=7.45 P