: This study was conducted to investigate nurse’s perceptions of patient safety culture, organizational communication, and patient safety management activity levels and influential factors. Methods : A total of 183 nurses working at a general hospital located in “G.” was surveyed. The data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from July 12 to 25, 2018, and were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results : The factors affecting the research subjects’ patient safety management activities were organizational communication (β=.41, ρ<.000) and their perceptions of patient safety culture (β=.18, ρ <.025), which revealed an explanatory power of 29.5%. Conclusion : The findings show the importance of organizational communication and perceptions of patient safety culture in patient safety management activities. Healthcare organizations should develop programs to address these influencing factors.

No abstract available.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Hair Removal* ; Pigmentation Disorders*

No abstract available.
Parenteral Nutrition, Total

The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis decreased from 5.1% in 1965 to 1.0% in 1995 in Korea but no statistics about the incidence of urinary tuberculosis have been reported yet. The urinary tuberculosis in childhood is known to be a rare disease because of its long latent period. We report a case of urinary tuberculosis in a 9 year old girl.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Rare Diseases ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Urinary Tract*

PURPOSE: Enterovirus infection in children can manifest various disease and enterovirus have many serotypes. This study was aimed to investigate neurologic manifestations according to serotypes of enterovirus in pediatric inpatients in Incheon. METHODS: We collected the stool samples from the admitted pediatric patients in Inha University Hospital from January 2015 to September 2016. Enterovirus detection and serotypes identification were performed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and semi-nested RT-PCR. RESULTS: A total of 527 samples were collected during study period and 170 patients (32.2%) were diagnosed with enterovirus infections. Genetic sequences of enteroviruses were identified: echovirus 18 (50, 40.5%), enterovirus 71 (12, 9.6%), coxakievirus A10 (10, 8.0%), echovirus 6 (7, 5.6%). Virus in patient with meningitis were identified: echovirus 18 (15, 75%), coxakievirus B5 (2, 10%), enterovirus 71 (2, 10%), and echovirus 6 (1, 5%). Neurologic manifestations of echovirus 18 are headache (15, 30%), vomiting (17, 34%), meningeal irritation sign (10, 20.0%). And enterovirus 71 have headache (3, 25%), vomiting (3, 25%), meningeal irritation sign (2, 16.0%), seizure (1, 8.3%), neurologic sequelae (1, 8.3%). Echovirus 18 and neurologic manifestation have a statistically significant correlation with other serotypes (r=0.701, P < 0.01) CONCLUSION: Echovirus 18 infection was more prominent in neurological symptoms than in other serotypes. The major serotype of meningitis was echovirus 18 but there was no reported neurologic sequelae. Enterovirus infection has different neurological symptoms, depending on the serotypes.
Child ; Echovirus 6, Human ; Enterovirus B, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; Enterovirus* ; Headache ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Inpatients* ; Meningitis ; Neurologic Manifestations* ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seizures ; Serogroup* ; Vomiting

Intracranial headaches, including migraines, are mediated by nociceptive activation of the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC), but the precise mechanisms are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that selective blockage of spinal sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1R) produces a prominent antinociceptive effect in several types of pain models. This study evaluates whether the Sig-1R antagonist (BD1047) has an antinociceptive effect on capsaicin (a potent C-fiber activator) induced headache models in rats. Intracisternal infusion of capsaicin evoked pain behavior (face grooming), which was significantly attenuated by BD1047 pretreatment. BD1047 consistently reduced capsaicin-induced Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI), a neuronal activator, in the TNC in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, capsaicin-induced phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 was reversed by BD1047 pretreatment in the TNC. These results indicate that the Sig-1R antagonist has an inhibitory effect on nociceptive activation of the TNC in the capsaicin-induced headache animal model.
Animals ; Capsaicin ; Headache ; Migraine Disorders ; Models, Animal ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neurons ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Receptors, sigma ; Trigeminal Nuclei

OBJECTIVE: Purpose of our study was to examine the expression level of 14-3-3 proteins and Bcl-2 family and to estimate the interaction between 14-3-3 proteins and Bcl-2 family in normal and preeclamptic placenta. METHODS: Placental tissues were sampled from preeclampsia with caesarean delivery (n=5) and normal pregnant women with caesarean delivery (n=5). Western blot and immunoprecipitation related Western blotting were performed on all placental samples. Unpaired Student t-test was used to determine the statistical significance. RESULTS: Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of Bax and 14-3-3 zeta was significantly greater in the preeclamptic placenta than in the normal placenta. Immunoprecipitation related Western blotting revealed that the interaction between 14-3-3 zeta and Bax was significantly less in the preeclamptic placenta than in the normal placenta. CONCLUSION: Increased expression of Bax and reduced interaction (between) 14-3-3 zeta and Bax in preeclamptic placenta might influence pathogenesis or sequelae of preeclampsia. Further study is needed to identify the trigger that induces dissociation of Bax from 14-3-3 proteins.
14-3-3 Proteins* ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Blotting, Western ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Placenta* ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnant Women

BACKGROUND: The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate dose effects of ephedrine pretreatment on the onset time and intubating conditions after cisatracurium administration. METHODS: A total of 140 adult patients were randomized into 4 groups to receive either 30 microg/kg ephedrine (Group 30, n = 35), 70 microg/kg ephedrine (Group 70, n = 35), 110 microg/kg ephedrine (Group 110, n = 35), 3 ml normal saline (Group C, n = 35) as pretreatment given 30 s before anesthetic induction. Neuromuscular block was achieved with 0.15 mg/kg cisatracurium, evaluated accelomyographically with train-of-four stimulation. An anesthesiologist blinded to patient grouping assessed the intubating conditions 1.5 min after cisatracurium administration. RESULTS: An onset time of 70 s was obtained in the ephedrine groups (Group 30: 155.4 +/- 44.7 s, Group 70: 152.6 +/- 40.3 s, Group 110: 151.2 +/- 51.6 s) compared to Group C (224.6 +/- 56.9 s) after 0.15 mg/kg of cisatracurium (P < 0.001). Ephedrine doses of either 70 or 110 microg/kg for pretreatment significantly improved intubating conditions (P < 0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate at 1 min after tracheal intubation were significantly increased than other times in all groups (P < 0.001), with no differences among the groups. However, 5 patients in Group 110 experienced marked hypertension (systolic/diastolic blood pressure: > 200/100 mmHg) 1 min after tracheal intubation with no patients in other groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pre-treatment with ephedrine 70 microg/kg improved intubating conditions 1.5 min after cisatracurium administration and facilitated the onset of neuromuscular block (70 s) without adverse hemodynamic effects.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Ephedrine* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intubation ; Neuromuscular Blockade

We investigated the mechanism of spontaneous cholesterol efflux induced by acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibition, and how an alteration of cholesterol metabolism in macrophages impacts on that in HepG2 cells. Oleic acid anilide (OAA), a known ACAT inhibitor reduced lipid storage substantially by promotion of cholesterol catabolism and repression of cholesteryl ester accumulation without further increase of cytotoxicity in acetylated low-density lipoprotein-loaded THP-1 macrophages. Analysis of expressed mRNA and protein revealed that cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), oxysterol 7alpha- hydroxylase (CYP7B1), and cholesterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27) were highly induced by ACAT inhibition. The presence of a functional cytochrome P450 pathway was confirmed by quantification of the biliary cholesterol mass in cell monolayers and extracelluar medium. Notably, massively secreted biliary cholesterol from macrophages suppressed the expression of CYP7 proteins in a farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. The findings reported here provide new insight into mechanisms of spontaneous cholesterol efflux, and suggest that ACAT inhibition may stimulate cholesterol-catabolic (cytochrome P450) pathway in lesion-macrophages, in contrast, suppress it in hepatocyte via FXR induced by biliary cholesterol (BC).
Anilides/*pharmacology ; Bile/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Cholesterol Esters/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/agonists/*metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects ; Hepatocytes/*drug effects/metabolism ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects/genetics ; Macrophages/*drug effects/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Oleic Acids/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/agonists/*metabolism ; Sterol O-Acyltransferase/*antagonists & inhibitors/physiology ; Transcription Factors/agonists/*metabolism

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is characterized by large numbers of adenomatous polyps in the colon and inherited as an autosomal dominant disease. Gardner's syndrome is a form of FAP accompanied by extra-colonic tumors and desmoid tumors. Desmoid tumors are rare, and benign tumors characterized by fibroblastic proliferation of fascial and musculoaponeurotic components. There is an approximate 1,000 times higher incidence of desmoid tumors in patients with FAP compared with the general population. Desmoid tumors in Gardner's syndrome occur in the small bowel mesentery in 80% of all cases, and the other 20% in the abdominal wall or the extremities. Almost all cases of desmoid tumors in Gardner's syndrome were incidentally found after prophylactic total proctocolectomy for colon cancer prevention in the patients with FAP. We report a case of Gardner's syndrome associated with codon 1099 mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene, in which the patient was initially found to have desmoid tumors and subsequently diagnosed as FAP by screening colonoscopy.
Abdominal Wall ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ; Adenomatous Polyps ; Codon ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colonoscopy ; Extremities ; Fibroblasts ; Fibromatosis, Aggressive ; Gardner Syndrome ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; Mesentery