Purpose]Research on otolaryngology disease properties and the classical prescription method, explore the mechanism and the application of the treatment of otolaryngology disease. [Methods]Selection of swel ing ear, ear vertigo, slowly closing pus ent common diseases such as ear, combined with the Treatise on Febrile Disease and Synopsis provisions, analysis of the disease by syndrome differentiation thinking, expound the classical prescription principles and the range for the treatment of the disease. [Results]Treating most otolaryngology disease can use the classical prescription, the curative effect of treatment of otolaryngology disease has obvious advantages. [Conclusion]It has been verified by classical prescription and clinical use, efficacy, and the system of subtlety, ingredients to streamline, familiar with the classical prescription treatment of otolaryngology disease, wil improve the level of physician treatment based on syndrome differentiation and patients to reduce the economic burden, has broad prospects.

This study is to screen the Chinese herbal compounds which could inhibit the production of Abeta and investigate the underlying mechanism. Ten types of compounds which have potential value in the treatment of AD were selected as initial screening trial. The cell models which used could overexpress Abeta and beta-secretases or Abeta and gamma-secretases. Extracellular Abeta was determined by ELISA after the cell models treated with different concentrations of compounds (0.5-100 micromol x L(-1)), separately. Then the compounds were selected which could inhibit extracellular Abeta and their best concentration ranges were decided, too. Furthermore, the cell viability and apoptosis rate, the level of intracellular Abeta, beta and gamma-secretases were determined after the cell models treated with different concentrations of selected compounds. The results showed that 4 of the 10 compounds could reduce the level of extracellular Abeta; they were cryptotanshinone, astragalosides, gastrodin and paeoniflorin, and their best concentration ranges were 0.5-5.0, 0.5-5.0, 5.0-50, 1.0-25 micromol x L(-1), respectively. Further study indicated that the 4 selected compounds were nontoxic to the cellular models and lowering intracellular Abeta were more effective compared with extracellular; of which astragalosides and gastrodin showed dose-dependent inhibition to the activities of beta and gamma-secretases, with the maximum inhibiting rates of 78.2% and 80.3%, respectively. In conclusion, cryptotanshinone, astragalosides, gastrodin and paeoniflorin could inhibit the expression and secretion of Abeta, and the underlying inhibiting mechanism of astragalosides and gastrodin were related with the reduction of the beta and gamma-secretase activities, respectively.
Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases ; metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Apoptosis ; Benzyl Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Monoterpenes ; pharmacology ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Saponins ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo prepare cytochrome (CYP)2E1-silenced hepatocytes by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference technology and to investigate the hepatotoxicity of trichloroethylene (TCE) in CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes.

METHODSShort hairpin RNA fragments were designed and synthesized and were then ligated into the lentiviral vector; single colonies were screened; the plasmid was extracted after PCR and sequence identification and then transferred into L02 hepatocytes; the CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes were selected; real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the interference effects. The obtained CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes, as well as normal L02 hepatocytes, were treated with TCE (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, and 4.00 mmol/L). The cell viability and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TCE were measured; the apoptotic rate of cells was measured by flow cytometry; the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis genes and oncogenes were measured by real-time quantitative PCR.

RESULTSThe IC50s of TCE for L02 hepatocytes and CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes were 15.1 mmol/L and 23.6 mmol/L, respectively. The apoptotic rate increased as the dose of TCE rose in the two types of cells; the CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes hada significantly lower apoptotic rate than L02 hepatocytes when they were exposed to 2.0 and 4.0 mmol/L TCE (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of bcl-2 (anti-apoptosis gene) in CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes was 15% ∼ 60% higher than that in L02 hepatocytes (P < 0.01), while the mRNA expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 (apoptosis genes) in CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes were 30% ∼ 60% lower than those in L02 hepatocytes (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of p53 (cancer suppressor gene) in CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes was 81 - 278% higher than that in L02 hepatocytes (P < 0.01), while the mRNA expression levels of c-fos and k-ras (oncogenes) in CYP2E1-silenced hepatocytes were 20-68% lower than those in L02 hepatocytes (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCYP2E1-silenced cells can be successfully prepared by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference technology. Silencing CYP2E1 gene can reduce the hepatotoxicity of TCE and inhibit the expression of some apoptosis genes and oncogenes, suggesting that CYP2E1 gene plays an important role in TCE metabolism and is related to the hepatotoxicity of TCE.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; RNA Interference ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC).

METHODSThe clinical data of 68 ChRCC cases treated in our department between January 2003 and September 2010 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The prognostic factors were evaluated by Log-rank test. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to estimate the survival rate.

RESULTSFifty cases were treated with radical nephrectomy and 18 with partial nephrectomy. The mean tumor size was 5.7 cm (1.5 - 16.0 cm). The TNM stages were as follows: pT1aN0M0 in 25, pT1bN0M0 in 22, pT2aN0M0 in 9, pT2bN0M0 in 5, and pT3aN0M0 in 7. According to the Fuhrman grading system, 8 patients were classified as grade I, 42 cases were grade II, 14 cases were grade III, and 4 cases were grade IV. The 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 93.0% and 90.0%, respectively. The log-rank test showed that tumor size (> 7 cm vs. ≤ 7 cm) (P = 0.004), TNM stage (T1-2 vs. T3-4) (P = 0.008) and urinary collecting system invasion (P = 0.024) were associated with survival time. The multivariable Cox regression model revealed that tumor size (> 7 cm vs. ≤ 7 cm) was an independent predictor of aggressive ChRCC (P = 0.038).

CONCLUSIONSChRCC is a distinct type of renal cell carcinoma exhibiting a low degree of malignancy. Most tumors are larger, but predominantly with a favorable prognosis. Fuhrman nuclear grading is not suitable for ChRCC. Tumor size (> 7 cm vs. ≤ 7 cm) is an independent predictor of prognosis of ChRCC.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nephrectomy ; methods ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the differences between tumor sizes measured by preoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging and pathologic examination of surgical specimens in Chinese patients who received extirpative surgery for renal tumors.

METHODSFrom September 2008 to September 2010, 204 patients with renal tumors treated in the Renji Hospital were enrolled in this study, and their clinicopathological data were collected and analyzed. The paired Student's t-test was used to compare the mean radiological tumor maximum diameter and the mean pathological tumor maximum diameter. All cases in which post-operative down-staging or up-staging occurred due to the discrepancy between radiological and pathological tumor maximum diameters were identified. In addition, the relationship between radiological and pathological tumor maximum diameters and histological subtypes was analyzed.

RESULTSOverall, the radiological mean maximum diameter of tumors on CT was 48.3 mm and the pathological mean maximum diameter was 47.0 mm. On average, CT overestimated pathological size by 1.3 mm (P = 0.018). CT overestimated pathological tumor size in 111 (54.4%) patients, underestimated in 71 (34.8%) patients and equal pathological size in 22 (10.8%) patients. Among the 190 patients with pT1 or pT2 tumors, there was a discrepancy between clinical and pathological staging in 35 (18.4%) patients. Of these, 29 (15.3%) patients were down-staged post-operatively and 6 (3.2%) were up-staged. When subjects were categorized according to radiographic tumor size associated with clinical stage, statistically significant difference (average of 1.76 mm) was observed between radiographic and pathologic maximum diameters ranging 41-70 mm (P = 0.035). For clear cell carcinoma, mean radiographic tumor maximum diameter was significantly larger than the pathologic maximum diameter by 1.69 mm (P = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONSThere is a statistically significant but small difference (1.3 mm) between mean radiological and mean pathological tumor maximum diameters. For some patients, this difference leads to a discrepancy between clinical and pathological staging, which may have implications on pre-operative clinical decision and prognosis prediction.

Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Kidney ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the postoperative outcomes of preserving the left colonic artery during laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer.

METHODSThe clinicopathologic data of 91 rectal cancer patients (pathologic Stage II) undergoing laparoscopic anterior resection was retrospectively analyzed. During the surgeries, the left colonic artery was preserved in 40 patients (preserved group) and ligated in 51 patients (unpreserved group). The operating time, intraoperative blood loss, time to first flatus and defecation, duration of postoperative abdominal distension and pain, number of retrieved lymph nodes, ileum fistulation and anatomical leakage rate were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe surgeries were completed in all the 91 patients laparoscopically without conversion. There was no intraoperative complications including rectal perforation, injury to vessel or ureter in either group. The operating time, blood loss and number of retrieved lymph nodes were similar between the groups (P>0.05). Three patients in preserved group and 5 in ligation group received preventive ileum fistulation due to low rectal cancer. Anatomical leakage occurred in three patients of unpreserved group. The average duration of postoperative abdominal distension and pain was 2.14∓0.35 days in preserved group and 3.15∓0.42 days in ligation group. The time to first flatus and defecation was 37.15∓12.62 h and 3.16∓0.52 days in preserved group and 62.25∓11.75 h and 4.25∓0.75 days in ligation group. Postoperative hospital stay was 4.54∓0.42 days in preserved group and 6.23∓0.51 days in ligation group. Total hospitalization cost in the two groups was 34 525.32∓1206.36 Yuan and 41 215∓1051.32 Yuan, respectively. Significant differences were found the in duration of postoperative abdominal distension and pain, postoperative hospital stay, and total cost between the two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONDuring laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer, preserving the left colonic artery effectively ensures the blood supply to the anastomosis and the remaining descending colon to promote the recovery of the patients after surgery.

Nuclear transport of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a prerequisite for its biological function. WD Repeat domain 1 (WDR1), a regulator of the cytoskeleton factors, may affect STAT3 nuclear translocation. However, the molecular mechanism regarding the effect of WDR1 on STAT3 nuclear translocation is still unknown. To investigate the effect of WDR1 on STAT3 nuclear translocation in smooth muscle cells, a human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) model with stable knockdown of WDR1 was constructed. The results of RT-qPCR and Western blot showed that the activation and expression of STAT3 were not significantly altered after knockdown of Wdr1 (P>0. 05); the results of nucleoplasm isolation showed that the nucleoplasm distribution of STAT3 was significantly affected after knockdown of WDR1 compared with the control group. Subsequent results showed that the expression of STAT3 nuclear input-associated protein β (importin β) was inhibited (P < 0. 05) and the nucleoplasmic ratio of Ras-associated nuclear protein (Ran) was significantly decreased compared to the control group. Results from CCK8 and Transwell assays indicated that overexpression of importin β was able to rescue the inhibition of proliferation and migration of HAVSMCs caused by WDR1 knockdown. Further results showed that knockdown of WDR1 resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2) associated with the Ran nucleotide cycle (P<0. 05). After overexpression of NTF2, the results of CCK8 and Transwell experiments showed that the proliferation and migration ability of HAVSMCs were significantly enhanced (P < 0. 05). Summarizing the above results, knockdown of WDR1, by inhibiting the expression of importin β and NTF2, alters the nucleoplasmic distribution of Ran and decreases the nuclear translocation of STAT3, thus regulating the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the status of the donation after brain and cardiac death (DBCD)donors and postoperative recovery of the organ function in the liver and renal transplant recipients.Methods The assessment data and organ protection measures of 12 DBCD donors admitted to the Organ Transplantation Center in Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital from August 2011 to November 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.The parameters of postoperative recovery of 12 liver and 22 renal transplant recipients were also assessed.The correlation between the parameters of the donors and postoperative recovery of the liver and renal transplant recipients was statistically analyzed.Results Among 12 liver transplant recipients,1 patient had primary non-function (PNF)(1 /12,8%)and 11 cases developed delayed graft function (DGF) after renal transplantation (11 /22,50%).Intensive care unit (ICU)period,liver function,maintaining systolic blood pressure (SBP),blood coagulation function,blood glucose level and electrolyte (Na +/K +) were significantly correlated with postoperative recovery of the liver and kidney function in the recipients (all in P <0.05 ).Age,cause of brain death,maintaining diastolic blood pressure (DBP),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)and pH of arterial blood gas (ABG)were associated with postoperative recovery of the liver function.Total bilirubin and white blood cell count (WBC)were correlated with postoperative recovery of kidney function.Conclusions DBCD donors cater to the specific conditions in China.The incidence of postoperative PNF in liver recipients is relatively low whereas and the incidence of DGF after renal transplantation is relatively high.Assessment of the DBCD donors and organ protection measures should be specifically taken to enhance the clinical efficacy of liver and renal transplantation from DBCD donors.

Objective To explore the efficacy and postoperative complications of transnasal en-doscopic low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of children with snoring.Methods Clinical materials of 278 children with snoring were analyzed retrospectively,and they were divided into control group(n=128)and observation group(n=150)according to different op-eration methods.The control group was treated with adenoidectomy and bilateral tonsillectomy,while the observation group was treated with transnasal endoscopic low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation.Perioperative indicators,the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score,inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-8(IL-8)],stress response indicators[malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione(GSH)],venti-lation function indicators[apnea hyponea index(AHI),oxygen desaturation index(ODI),the lon-gest apnea time(LAT)and nocturnal lowest blood oxygen saturation(LSaO2)],the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results In the observation group,the operation time,symptom relief time and hospital stay were significantly shorter than those in the control group,while the intraoperative bleeding volume was significantly less than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The VAS scores of the observation group at 6,24,48 and 72 h after operation were significantly lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).At 3 days after operation,serum TNF-α,IL-4 and IL-8 levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);at 24 hours after operation,serum MDA level in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,while the levels of SOD and GSH were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05);at 6 months after operation,AHI,ODI and LAT in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,while the LSaO2 was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);at 6 months after surgery,the PSQI score and incidence of complications in the observa-tion group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Tran-snasal endoscopic low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation can reduce the levels of inflamma-tory factors,alleviate stress response,improve ventilation function,improve quality of sleep in chil-dren with snoring,and its safety is relatively high.

Objective To explore the efficacy and postoperative complications of transnasal en-doscopic low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of children with snoring.Methods Clinical materials of 278 children with snoring were analyzed retrospectively,and they were divided into control group(n=128)and observation group(n=150)according to different op-eration methods.The control group was treated with adenoidectomy and bilateral tonsillectomy,while the observation group was treated with transnasal endoscopic low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation.Perioperative indicators,the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)score,inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-4(IL-4)and interleukin-8(IL-8)],stress response indicators[malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione(GSH)],venti-lation function indicators[apnea hyponea index(AHI),oxygen desaturation index(ODI),the lon-gest apnea time(LAT)and nocturnal lowest blood oxygen saturation(LSaO2)],the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results In the observation group,the operation time,symptom relief time and hospital stay were significantly shorter than those in the control group,while the intraoperative bleeding volume was significantly less than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The VAS scores of the observation group at 6,24,48 and 72 h after operation were significantly lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).At 3 days after operation,serum TNF-α,IL-4 and IL-8 levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);at 24 hours after operation,serum MDA level in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,while the levels of SOD and GSH were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05);at 6 months after operation,AHI,ODI and LAT in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,while the LSaO2 was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05);at 6 months after surgery,the PSQI score and incidence of complications in the observa-tion group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Tran-snasal endoscopic low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation can reduce the levels of inflamma-tory factors,alleviate stress response,improve ventilation function,improve quality of sleep in chil-dren with snoring,and its safety is relatively high.