Objective To investigate the usage of distortion product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE) in normal infants hearing screening.Methods One hundred infants(200 ears) without clinical condition of illness were checked in GSI 70 DPOAE screening.The pure tones were 2,3,4 kHz,the OAE screener scored the test result as a pass,when the responses were above the PASS/REFER line and the signal-to-noise was at least 10 dB.Results Ninty-four infants(188 ears) passed hearing screening. Four infants(8 ears) with ceruminous impaction didn′t pass screening;after extracting impacted cerumen from the external auditory meatus,the 4 infants(8 ears) passed screening.Two infants(2 ears) with secretory otitis media didn′t pass screening,but after medicine treatment for 1 week,they passed screening too.Conclusion DPOAE has advantages in infants hearing screening.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2006,21(3):168-169

Objective:To systematically evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of tuina therapy for primary insomnia.Methods:Nine Chinese and English databases were searched from the inception to May 2017 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying tuina therapy for insomnia.The enrolled articles were all RCTs with tuina as the monotherapy or major therapy in the experiment group,with clear diagnostic criteria for primary insomnia well recognized worldwide or in China,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQ I) as one of the outcome measures.Two researchers evaluated the risk of bias and quality of the enrolled studies by following Cochrane Handbook version 5.1.0.The meta-analysis was performed by RevMan version 5.3.Results:Eleven studies were included with a total of 1 076 participants.The Western medication adopted in the control groups were benzodiazepine receptor agonists.The studies were all assessed as high risk of bias for blinding since blinding method was unable to be performed due to the specificity of tuina therapy;no study reported the support of fund or potential interest conflict,so they were all rated unclear for selective reporting.The meta-analysis showed that compared with other traditional Chinese medicine therapies,tuina worked more effectively in reducing the PSQI score (MD=-4.11＜0,95％ confidence interval (CI)-6.01 to-2.22,P＜0.0001);compared with oral administration of Western medication,tuina showed more significant efficacy in reducing the PSQI score (MD=-3.42＜0,95％CI-5.19 to-1.66,P＜0.0001).Subgroup analysis showed that head tuina alone showed no significant difference compared with oral administration of Western medication regarding the change of PSQI score (MD=-4.19＜0,95％CI-8.87 to 0.50,P＞0.05);a combination of head and back tuina could more effectively reduce the PSQI score compared with oral administration of Western medication (MD=-2.08＜0,95％CI-3.09 to-1.06,P＜0.0001).Conclusion:Tuina can produce more significant efficacy in treating primary insomnia compared with other traditional Chinese medicine therapies and oral administration of Western medication,especially the combination of head and back tuina.

In this paper, based on the special influence of supramolecular chemistry on the basic theory of Chinese medicines ( CM) , the authors further analyzed the history of meridian tropism and natural origins of CM organisms and explained CM ingredients and the universal regularity of the automatic action of the supramolecular "imprinting templates" hole channel structure. After entering human bodies, CMs, as the aggregation of supramolecular "imprinting templates" , automatically seek supramolecular subjects that are matched with their "imprinting templates" in human meridians and organs for the purpose of self-recognition, self-organization, self-assembly and self-replication, so as to generate specific efficacy in meridians and organs, which is reflected as the meridian tropism phenomena at macro level. This regularity can be studied by in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. In vitro methods are mostly supra molecular structure analysis and kinetic and thermodynamic parameter calculation; Whereas in vivo methods are dominated by the analysis on object component distribution, chromatopharmacodynamic parameters and network chromatopharmacodynamic parameters; Particularly, the acupoint-medicine method can simplify to study the supramolecular subject-object relations. Consequently, CM's'meridian tropism reveals the universal regularity for interactions of macromolecular and micromolecular "imprinting templates" of subjects and objects in natural organisms. As the first barrier for the material base of the CM theory and breakthrough in the modernization of the basic CM theory, meridian tropism plays an important role in studies on basic theories of the basic CM theory.
Acupuncture Points ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians

AIMTo prepare TK-gene nanoparticles and investigate its expression.

METHODSBiodegradable and biocompatible polymer polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) was used to prepare recombinant plasmid pEGFP-AFP nanoparticles by double-emulsion evaporation technique. The characteristics of the nanopticicles including morphology, entrapment efficiency was investigated. The expression of TK gene was also investigated by MTT assay, which could determine the dying cells after the addition of gancyclovir (GCV). The enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression in human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7221 cells and human normal parenchymal Chang liver cells were assessed by flow cytometric analysis.

RESULTSThe resulting plasmid-nanoparticles had regular spherical surface and a narrow particle size with a mean diameter of (72 +/- 12) nm, The average entrapment efficiency was 91.25%, the enhanced transfection efficiency and ability protecting plasmid DNA from degraded by nuclease or sonication due to nanoparticles encapsulation.

CONCLUSIONDNA-nanoparticles need further study as gene delivery system.

Biocompatible Materials ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Ganciclovir ; pharmacology ; Genes, Reporter ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; enzymology ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; Liver ; cytology ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Luminescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nanotechnology ; Particle Size ; Plasmids ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Polymers ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; Thymidine Kinase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism

The paper, based on the previous publication as special impact of Chinese medicine theories on supramolcular chemistry, aims to analyze the natural origination for the Chinese medicine and to explain the special impact of "Qi chromatography" reaction on "imprinting templates" in supramolcular host of human being with Chinese medicine, in order to reveal the CM's properties of "medical element" with "imprinting templates" autonomisation generally took place in natural supramolecules, and also to discover that the CM's pharmacology are satisfied with its own approaches different form western pharmacology. It was decided, for CM's pharmacology guided by CM's theories, to "Qi chromatography" relations between the CM's ingredient groups and the meridian zang-fu viscera. The supramolcular chemistry played an all-through role in procession of making macro-regularities and special presentation on behavior of "Qi chromatography" impulse owning to the matching action of all kinds of ingredients on the meridian zang-fu viscera with similar "imprinting templates". The CM's pharmacology were guided by CM's theories, owing to its interpretation of supramolecular chemistry. The pharmacology was achieved to construct up completely on base of classical chemical single molecular bonds whereas the CM's pharmacology be configured to big building by way of "imprinting templates" as multi-weak bonds among "supramolecular society". CM's pharmacology was supramolcular pharmacology dealt with "molecular society" on the base of western pharmacology, and employed to double research approaches both math-physical quantitative representation on macroscope and qualitative analyses in microscope.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Meridians ; Molecular Imprinting ; Qi

OBJECTIVETo examine the correlation between the mRNA and proteins expressions of gastrin(GAS), and the association of protein expression of GAS with apoptosis index(AI) and apoptosis regulation gene Fas/FasL, caspases in colorectal cancer.

METHODSThe expressions of GAS mRNA in tumor tissues of 79 cases with colorectal cancer were detected by nested RT-PCR. Cell apoptosis was detected by molecular biology in situ apoptosis detecting technic(TUNEL). Protein expressions of GAS, Fas/FasL, and caspases were detected by immunohistochemical staining (SP method).

RESULTSThe positive correlation was found between the mRNA and proteins expressions of GAS(rGAS=0.99, P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expressions of GAS in well and moderately differentiated cancers were significantly lower than those in poorly differentiated cancers (chi(2)(high vs low)=10.47, 10.23, P<0.01, chi(2)(middle vs low)=6.68, 4.95, P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of GAS in papillary and tubular adenocarcinomas were significantly lower than those in mucinous adenocarcinomas, signet-ring cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma (chi(2)(papillary vs mucinous and signet-ring)=4.80, 6.22, chi(2)(papillary vs undifferentiation)=5.44, 8.43, chi(2)(tubular vs mucinous and signet-ring)=4.40, 4.38, chi(2)(tubular vs undifferentiation)=4.92, 6.43, P<0.05, respectively). The mRNA and protein expressions of GAS in Dukes' stages A, B were significantly lower than those in Dukes stages C, D (chi(2)=4.84, 4.45, P<0.01). The AI in GAS high and moderate expression groups of colorectal cancer were significantly lower than that in low expression group (q(high vs low)=6.71, q(middle vs low)=4.60, P<0.01). The positive expression rate of FasL was significantly different among GAS high, moderate and low expression groups of colorectal cancer (chi(2)=9.35, P<0.01). The positive expression rate of FasL in GAS high and moderate expression groups was higher than that in low expression group (chi(2)high vs low=6.24, chi(2)(middle vs low)=4.74, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSGAS plays an important role in the regulation of cell apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma, whose mechanism may be related to the aberrant expression of Fas/FasL. GAS will be one of the indicators of the biological behavior in colorectal carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Caspases ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Fas Ligand Protein ; metabolism ; Female ; Gastrins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Young Adult ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

Renal fibrosis is a common pathological change in the later stages of all kidney diseases. It is a multi-cytokine, multi-signal pathway, multi-factor driven chronic kidney disease. It includes renal interstitial fibrosis, tubular sclerosis and glomerular sclerosis, which eventually leads to chronic renal failure. From health through injury to loss of function, the disease process is closely related to the degree of deterioration of renal function and the prognosis of chronic kidney disease. There is no effective western medicine for the treatment of renal fibrosis. Professor HE Liqun from Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine has summarized the Kangxianling decoction through decades of long-term practical experience. It has the effects in strengthening the spleen and replenishing Qi, clearing away dampness and heat, promoting blood circulation and removing phlegm, and strengthening turbidity. It is composed of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma 15 g, Persicae Semen 12 g, Angelicae Sinensis Radix 12 g, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix 9 g, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma 15 g. Kangxianling can affect the synthesis and secretion of cytokines and inflammatory factors by expanding blood vessels, and can improve renal tubular fibrosis. It has a good multi-channel, multi-target and multi-directional protective effect on renal function. It also can delay the progress of chronic renal fibrosis by significantly alleviating such symptoms as fatigue and edema in patients with chronic renal fibrosis, and reducing serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and urine protein. In this paper, 5/6 nephrectomy, ischemia reperfusion injury, adriamycin-induced nephropathy, unilateral ureteral obstruction and other different modeling methods are listed. The mechanism of Kangxianling decoction in antagonizing renal fibrosis is discussed and summarized, which further provided new ideas and directions for future clinical and scientific research.

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of Kangxianling decoction on renal fibrosis induced by 5/6 nephrectomy, and angiotensin converting enzyme-angiotensin Ⅱ-angiotensin Ⅱ 1 receptor (ACE-AngⅡ-AT1R) axis. Method: Totally 50 SD rats were randomly divided into the following groups:control group (n=10), sham-operation group (n=10), 5/6 nephrectomized renal fibrosis model group (n=30). After two weeks, the rats in operation group were divided into the model group, Kangxianling group, and losartan potassium group, n=10 in each group. Rats in losartan potassium group were administered with losartan potassium by gastrogavage, and rats in Kangxianling group were administered with Kangxianling by gastrogavage. Equal volume of saline was administered to rats in the other groups. The rats were put to death after 16 weeks of consecutive medication, and serum creatinine(SCr), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), 24 h urine protein(24 h-Pro) were measured in each group. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of kidney tissues, and the degree of renal fibrosis was observed by Masson staining. The expressions of ACE1 and AT1R were detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression levels of ACE1, AngⅡ and AT1R were determined by Western blot. Result: Compared with control and sham-operation groups, SCr, BUN and 24 h-Pro in model group were significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, SCr, BUN and 24 h-Pro levels in the Kangxianling group and the losartan potassium group were significantly lower, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05,P<0.01). HE and Masson staining showed that the degree of renal fibrosis was reduced in Kangxianling group and losartan potassium group compared with model group. Western blot showed that ACE1, AngⅡ and AT1R in Kangxianling group, and the losartan potassium were significantly lower than the model group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.01). Immunohistochemistry results showed that the levels of ACE1 and AT1R showed the same changes as Western blot. Conclusion: Kangxianling decoction can delay the progress of renal fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats, which is closely related to the inhibition of ACE-AngⅡ-AT1R axis activation.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Kangxianling decoction on renal function and expression of extracellular matrix(ECM) in renal tissue of rats with renal fibrosis induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. Method: Totally 50 SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n=7), sham-operation group (n=7), operation group (n=36). The 5/6 nephrectomized renal fibrosis model was established in operation group. After successful modeling, rats were randomly divided into model group, Kangxianling group and losartan potassium group. The losartan potassium group and the Kangxianling group were given losartan potassium (33.3 g·kg^-1) and Kangxianling decoction (21 g·kg^-1) every day. The control group, sham-operation group and model group were all treated with equal volume of normal saline. Rats were put to death after 24 weeks of consecutive medication, and renal function, 24 h urine volume and 24 h-Pro quantitation of each group were measured. The expressions of collagen Ⅰ(ColⅠ) and ColⅢ in renal tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Result: Compared with the normal group and sham-operation group, serum creatinine(SCr), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), 24 h urine volume, 24 h-Pro quantitation, renal tissue ColⅠ and ColⅢ expression levels were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of SCr, BUN, 24 h-Pro quantitation, protein expression levels of renal tissue ColⅠ and ColⅢ were significantly decreased in the Kangxianling group and the losartan potassium group (P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion: Kangxianling decoction can down-regulate the expressions of ColⅠ and ColⅢ in kidney tissue, there by inhibiting the accumulation of ECM, and exerting the effect in delaying renal fibrosis and protecting renal function.

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of Kangxianling Decoction on renal fibrosis induced by 5/6 nephrectomization in rats, and discuss its action mechanism. Method: Totally 50 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=10), sham-operation group (n=10), and 5/6 nephrectomized renal fibrosis model group (n=30). After successful modeling, rats were randomly divided into the model group, Kangxianling group, and Losartan Potassium group. Rats in the Losartan Potassium group were administered with Losartan Potassium by gastrogavage; rats in the Kangxianling group were administered with Kangxianling by gastrogavage. Equal volume of distilled water was administered to rats in the other groups. Rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks of consecutive medication, and then serum creatinine (SCr), urea nitrogen (BUN), 24 hour urine protein (24 h-Pro) were measured in each group. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the renal pathological changes and the score of Kidney damage was made. Masson staining was used to observe the degree of renal fibrosis. Western blot and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF-β₁), Smad2, Smad3, and Smad7 in kidneys. Result: As compared with the normal control and sham-operation group, the renal tissue fibrosis, score of kidney damage, SCr, BUN and 24 h-Pro levels were higher in model group (P<0.01), with increased protein and mRNA expression levels of TGF-β₁, Smad2, and Smad3 (P<0.01), and significantly reduced protein and mRNA expression levels of Smad7 in the model group (P<0.01). As compared with the model group, the renal tissue fibrosis, the score of kidney damage, SCr, BUN, 24 h-Pro level were significantly decreased (P<0.01), protein and mRNA expression levels of TGF-β₁, Smad2, Smad3 were reduced (P<0.05), while protein and mRNA expression levels of Smad7 were elevated in the Losartan Potassium group and Kangxianling group (P<0.01), but lower than those of normal control group and sham-operation group. Conclusion: Kangxianling decoction could alleviate renal fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β₁/Smad signal pathway.