Objective: To analyze the occurrence of recompensation conditions in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis after entecavir antiviral therapy. Methods: Patients with hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis with ascites as the initial manifestation were prospectively enrolled. Patients who received entecavir treatment for 120 weeks and were followed up every 24 weeks (including clinical endpoint events, hematological and imaging indicators, and others) were calculated for recompensation rates according to the Baveno VII criteria. Measurement data were compared using the Student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test between groups. Categorical data were compared by the χ (2) test or Fisher's exact probability method between groups. Results: 283 of the 320 enrolled cases completed the 120-week follow-up, and 92.2% (261/283) achieved a virological response (HBV DNA 20 IU/ml). Child-Pugh and MELD scores were significantly improved after treatment (8.33 ± 1.90 vs. 5.77 ± 1.37, t = 12.70, P < 0.001; 13.37 ± 4.44 vs. 10.45 ± 4.58, t = 5.963, P < 0.001). During the 120-week follow-up period, 14 cases died, two received liver transplants, 19 developed hepatocellular cancer, 11 developed gastroesophageal variceal bleeding, and four developed hepatic encephalopathy. 60.4% (171/283) (no decompensation events occurred for 12 months) and 56.2% (159/283) (no decompensation events occurred for 12 months and improved liver function) of the patients had achieved clinical recompensation within 120 weeks. Patients with baseline MELD scores > 15 after active antiviral therapy achieved higher recompensation than patients with baseline MELD scores ≤15 [50/74 (67.6%) vs. 109/209 (52.2%), χ (2) = 5.275, P = 0.029]. Conclusion: Antiviral therapy can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related decompensated cirrhosis. The majority of patients (56.2%) had achieved recompensation. Patients with severe disease did not have a lower probability of recompensation at baseline than other patients.
Humans ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/drug therapy* ; Antiviral Agents/adverse effects* ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/complications* ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications* ; Treatment Outcome ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/complications* ; Hepatitis B/drug therapy*

As a generally-recognized-as-safe microorganism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widely studied chassis cell for the production of high-value or bulk chemicals in the field of synthetic biology. In recent years, a large number of synthesis pathways of chemicals have been established and optimized in S. cerevisiae by various metabolic engineering strategies, and the production of some chemicals have shown the potential of commercialization. As a eukaryote, S. cerevisiae has a complete inner membrane system and complex organelle compartments, and these compartments generally have higher concentrations of the precursor substrates (such as acetyl-CoA in mitochondria), or have sufficient enzymes, cofactors and energy which are required for the synthesis of some chemicals. These features may provide a more suitable physical and chemical environment for the biosynthesis of the targeted chemicals. However, the structural features of different organelles hinder the synthesis of specific chemicals. In order to ameliorate the efficiency of product biosynthesis, researchers have carried out a number of targeted modifications to the organelles grounded on an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of different organelles and the suitability of the production of target chemicals biosynthesis pathway to the organelles. In this review, the reconstruction and optimization of the biosynthesis pathways for production of chemicals by organelle mitochondria, peroxisome, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets and vacuole compartmentalization in S. cerevisiae are reviewed in-depth. Current difficulties, challenges and future perspectives are highlighted.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism* ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism* ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism* ; Metabolic Engineering ; Vacuoles/metabolism*

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the use of Tanreqing (TRQ) Injection could show improvements in time to extubation, intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, ventilator-associated events (VAEs) and infection-related ventilator associated complication (IVAC) among patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV). METHODS: A time-dependent cox-regression analysis was conducted using data from a well-established registry of healthcare-associated infections at ICUs in China. Patients receiving continuous MV for 3 days or more were included. A time-varying exposure definition was used for TRQ Injection, which were recorded on daily basis. The outcomes included time to extubation, ICU mortality, VAEs and IVAC. Time-dependent Cox models were used to compare the clinical outcomes between TRQ Injection and non-use, after controlling for the influence of comorbidities/conditions and other medications with both fixed and time-varying covariates. For the analyses of time to extubation and ICU mortality, Fine-Gray competing risk models were also used to measure competing risks and outcomes of interest. RESULTS: Overall, 7,685 patients were included for the analyses of MV duration, and 7,273 patients for the analysis of ICU mortality. Compared to non-use, patients with TRQ Injection had a lower risk of ICU mortality (Hazards ratios (HR) 0.761, 95% CI, 0.581-0.997), and was associated with a higher hazard for time to extubation (HR 1.105, 95% CI, 1.005-1.216), suggesting a beneficial effect on shortened time to extubation. No significant differences were observed between TRQ Injection and non-use regarding VAEs (HR 1.057, 95% CI, 0.912-1.225) and IVAC (HR 1.177, 95% CI, 0.929-1.491). The effect estimates were robust when using alternative statistic models, applying alternative inclusion and exclusion criteria, and handling missing data by alternative approaches. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that the use of TRQ Injection might lower mortality and improve time to extubation among patients receiving MV, even after controlling for the factor that the use of TRQ changed over time.
Humans ; Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects* ; Intensive Care Units ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Registries ; Length of Stay

Objective To establish a method for comprehensive quality evaluation of Tongjing ointment by multi-component quantification combined with chemometrics and grey correlation analysis(GRA).Methods With curcumin as the internal reference substance,HPLC-QAMS method was used to simultaneously determine the contents of limonin,evodiamine,rutaecarpine,bisdemethoxycurcumin,demethoxycurcumin,curcumin,6-gingerol,8-gingerol,10-gingerol,tetrahydropalmatine,dehydrocorydalin,dorydaline in Tongjing ointment.The quality of Tongjing ointment was evaluated by cluster analysis,principal component analysis,orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis and GRA.Results The determination of 12 components manifested a good linear relationship in the range of mass concentration(r≥0.999 1).The average recovery was between 96.58％and 100.19％(RSD＜2.0％,n=9).There were no significant difference between the measured value of external standard method and the calculated value of HPLC-QAMS(P＞0.05).Tongjing ointment samples were classified into three eategories by chemometrics and it showed that curcumin,6-gingerol,bisdemethoxycurcumin,demethoxycurcumin,limonin and tetrahydropalmatine were the main potential markers affecting the quality of Tongjing ointment.GRA showed that the relative correlation degree was in the range of 0.317 3-0.624 8,and there were some differences in the quality of Tongjing ointment.Conclusion The established method can comprehensively evaluate the quality of Tongjing ointment.

COVID-19/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Public Facilities ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; Workplace

Taking the Chinese city of Xiamen as an example, simulation and quantitative analysis were performed on the transmissions of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the influence of intervention combinations to assist policymakers in the preparation of targeted response measures. A machine learning model was built to estimate the effectiveness of interventions and simulate transmission in different scenarios. The comparison was conducted between simulated and real cases in Xiamen. A web interface with adjustable parameters, including choice of intervention measures, intervention weights, vaccination, and viral variants, was designed for users to run the simulation. The total case number was set as the outcome. The cumulative number was 4,614,641 without restrictions and 78 under the strictest intervention set. Simulation with the parameters closest to the real situation of the Xiamen outbreak was performed to verify the accuracy and reliability of the model. The simulation model generated a duration of 52 days before the daily cases dropped to zero and the final cumulative case number of 200, which were 25 more days and 36 fewer cases than the real situation, respectively. Targeted interventions could benefit the prevention and control of COVID-19 outbreak while safeguarding public health and mitigating impacts on people's livelihood.
COVID-19/prevention & control* ; China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; Policy ; Reproducibility of Results ; SARS-CoV-2

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control status of dyslipidemia among females aged ≥35 years old across China. Methods: Participants were selected by stratified multistage random sampling method in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" National Science and Technology Support Project "Survey on the Prevalence of Important Cardiovascular Diseases and Key Technology Research in China" project. This study is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. A total of 17 418 females aged 35 years and over were included in the current study. The basic information such as age, medical history and menopause was collected by questionnaire. The blood lipid parameters were derived from clinical laboratory examinations. The prevalence of dyslipidemia and the rate of awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia were analyzed in females aged 35 years and over. Results: The age of participants was (56.2±13.0) years old, and the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 33.1% (5 765/17 418). The prevalence rates of high total cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C and high LDL-C were 9.7% (1 695/17 418), 11.1% (1 925/17 418), 10.9% (1 889/17 418) and 7.3% (1 262/17 418), respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia increased with age and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in women who were not married, Han, menarche age>16 years, obesity, central obesity, alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypertension and family history of cardiovascular disease were higher than those without such characteristics (P<0.05). There were 10 432 (59.9%) menopausal females in this cohort and prevalence of dyslipidemia of these participants was 38.8% (4 048/10 432), which was higher than that of non-postmenopausal females (24.6%, 1 717/6 986) (P<0.05). The awareness rates, treatment rates and control rates of dyslipidemia were 33.9% (1 953/5 765), 15.1% (870/5 765) and 2.5% (143/5 765) respectively among females aged 35 years and over in China. Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Chinese females aged 35 years and over is high, and its awareness, treatment, and control rates need to be optimized.
Adult ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyslipidemias/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Objective: To analyze the course of disease and epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 and provide evidence for making prevention and control strategies. Methods: To display the distribution of course of disease of the infectors who had close contacts with COVID-19 cases from January 1 to March 15, 2020 in Guangdong Provincial, the models of Lognormal, Weibull and gamma distribution were applied. A descriptive analysis was conducted on the basic characteristics and epidemiological parameters of course of disease. Results: In total, 515 of 11 580 close contacts were infected, with an attack rate about 4.4%, including 449 confirmed cases and 66 asymptomatic cases. Lognormal distribution was fitting best for latent period, incubation period, pre-symptomatic infection period of confirmed cases and infection period of asymptomatic cases; Gamma distribution was fitting best for infectious period and clinical symptom period of confirmed cases; Weibull distribution was fitting best for latent period of asymptomatic cases. The latent period, incubation period, pre-symptomatic infection period, infectious period and clinical symptoms period of confirmed cases were 4.50 (95%CI:3.86-5.13) days, 5.12 (95%CI:4.63-5.62) days, 0.87 (95%CI:0.67-1.07) days, 11.89 (95%CI:9.81-13.98) days and 22.00 (95%CI:21.24-22.77) days, respectively. The latent period and infectious period of asymptomatic cases were 8.88 (95%CI:6.89-10.86) days and 6.18 (95%CI:1.89-10.47) days, respectively. Conclusion: The estimated course of COVID-19 and related epidemiological parameters are similar to the existing data.
COVID-19 ; Cohort Studies ; Contact Tracing ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of nutritional status on 90-day functional outcomes of stroke patients with acute large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation after endovascular treatment (EVT). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the baseline, laboratory, surgical and 90-day follow-up data of patients with stroke resulting from acute large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation, who underwent emergency endovascular treatment in our hospital from July, 2015 to December, 2020. A favorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale score ≤2 at 90 days. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between nutritional status and 90-day functional outcomes of the patients. RESULTS: A total of 459 patients (mean age of 68.29±11.21 years, including 260 males) were enrolled in this study. According to their prognostic nutritional index (PNI), the patients were divided into normal nutrition group (392 cases, 85.4%), moderate malnutrition group (44 cases, 9.6%), and severe malnutrition group (23 cases, 5.0%). Univariate analysis showed that the patients with good clinical outcomes had a lower proportion of malnutrition with a younger age, a lower rate of diabetes, lower baseline blood pressure, lower baseline NIHSS score, higher baseline ASPECT score, and higher rates of good collateral circulation and complete vascular recanalization. Multivariate analysis showed that in addition to age, diabetes, baseline systolic blood pressure, successful recanalization, baseline ASPECT score, baseline NIHSS score and collateral circulation, a greater PNI was a protective factor for a good 90-day outcome of patients after EVT (moderate vs severe: OR=0.245, 95% CI: 0.066-0.908, P=0.035; normal vs severe: OR=0.185, 95% CI: 0.059-0.581, P=0.004). CONCLUSION Nutritional status an important factor affecting the 90-day outcomes after EVT of stroke patients with acute large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation.
Aged ; Brain Ischemia/etiology* ; Endovascular Procedures/methods* ; Humans ; Male ; Malnutrition/etiology* ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Status ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke/surgery* ; Thrombectomy/methods* ; Treatment Outcome