Enhancer of rudimentary homolog (ERH) is a small, highly conserved protein among eukaryotes. Since its discovery nearly 20 years ago, its molecular function has remained enigmatic. It has been implicated to play a role in transcriptional regulation and in cell cycle. We recently showed that ERH binds to the Sm complex and is required for the mRNA splicing of the mitotic motor protein CENP-E. Furthermore, cancer cells driven by mutations in the KRAS oncogene are particularly sensitive to RNAi-mediated suppression of ERH function, and ERH expression is inversely correlated with survival in colorectal cancer patients whose tumors harbor KRAS mutation. These recent findings indicate that ERH plays an important role in cell cycle through its mRNA splicing activity and is critically required for genomic stability and cancer cell survival.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Cycle ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; RNA Splicing ; Transcription Factors ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic

Mild cognitive impairment caused by craniocerebral trauma is the key points and difficulties in judicial authentication. This article has comparative analysis of each mode of event-related potential (classical Oddball, Eriksen flanker task and so on), which can provide a more objective method for such craniocerebral trauma cases in clinical forensic judicial authentication.
Cognitive Dysfunction ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Evoked Potentials ; Forensic Sciences ; Humans

Objective T o explore the com position characteristic of event related potential (E R P ) in dif-ferent visual acuity levels, and to provide theoretical basis for the objective assessm ent of visual acuity. Methods M onocular stim ulus w as perform ed on 16 selected subjects. T he subjects w ere required to look straight at the screen ahead and count the am ount of stim uli from different directions. T he pictures of optotype stim ulus w hich corresponding to three different visual acuity levels w ere show ed in the center of the screen. The ERP results w ere recorded separately. Results (1) The P1 am plitudes of m atch stim uli recorded under the supra-threshold visual acuity level w ere higher than that of m atch stim uli recorded under the threshold and sub-threshold visual acuity levels. T here w as no significant difference betw een the P 1 am plitudes of m atch stim uli recorded under the threshold and sub-threshold visual acuity levels. T he tendency of conflict stim uli w as sim ilar to that of m atch stim uli under three visual acuity levels. (2) In the 340-500 m s post-stim ulus range, P 300 com ponent w as found under supra-threshold and threshold visual acuity levels; no P 300 com ponent w as found in corresponding tim e w indow under sub-threshold visual acuity. T he differences of P 300 am plitudes am ong three visual acuity levels w ere statistically significant. T he am plitudes from high to low w ere the supra-threshold, threshold and sub-threshold visual acuity levels. Conclusion E R P can be a potential new m ethod for the objective assessm ent of visual acuity in forensic m edicine.

Mild cognitive im pairm ent caused by craniocerebral traum a is the key points and difficulties in judicial authentication. This article has com parative analysis of eachmode of event-related potential (classical O ddball, E riksen flanker task and so on), which can provide a more objective m ethod for such craniocerebral traum a cases in clinical forensic judicial authentication.

Objective T o study the effect of different attentional conditions on the event-related potential (E R P ) com ponents generated by the visual inform ation stim uli related to visual acuity, and provide a theoretical reference for clinical forensic visual objective evaluation. Methods W ith visual acuity opto-types as norm al form of visual inform ation stim uli, 15 volunteers as study subjects w ere supposed to ac-count the visual acuity optotypes under the attentional condition of visual stim uli. Furtherm ore, the sub-jects w ere required to listen to the storytelling carefully under the non-attentional condition of visual stim uli, and after the exam ination, they needed to answ er the story-related questions. A ll the E E G re-sults of tw o different attentional conditions from the subjects w ere recorded by 32 channel E R P system . Results U nder tw o attentional conditions, P 1 and P 300 com ponents w ere evoked by the visual acuity opto-types on supra-threshold and threshold visual acuity levels, w hile only P 1 com ponent w ere evoked by the visual acuity optotypes on sub-threshold levels. In the E R P w aveform s evoked by the visual acuity optotypes on supra-threshold, P 1 and P 300 am plitudes under attentional condition w ere larger than that un-der non-attentional condition. Conclusion A ttentional conditions can influence the detection of visual acuity. P 300 com ponent can be used to distinguish the visual acuity levels w ith supra-threshold and sub-threshold under non-attentional condition.

Objective To explore the expression of the CENP-W in gliomas and investigate the effects of its invasion. Methods The expression level of the CENP-W in gliomas with varied pathologic grade were detected by immunohistochemical analysis,RealTime PCR,and Western Blotting. U251 cells were transfected with the specific siRNA to repress the CENP-W expression level. The invasion ability of U251 cells were examined by Transwell Chamber assay ,while RAS mRNA and protein levels were detected at the same time. Results The expression levels of the CENP-W in glioma tissues were significantly high and the CENP-W gene could enhance the invasion of U251 cells . The expression of RAS was down-regulated when the expression of CENP-W was repressed. Conclusion The CENP-W has an oncogenic role in human brain gliomas and may regulate the invasion of gliomas by adjusting the RAS signaling pathways.

Objective To observe effects of intranasal sufentanil on analgesia.Methods Eighty-two patients,who scheduled for selective thyroidectomy were randomly divided into the observed group and the control group with 41 cases in each group.In the observed group,patients received intranasal sufentanil 20 μg before the incision about 10 minutes,then administered local infiltration with 0.5% lidocaine.In the control group,patients received water for injection which was placebo instead sufentanil.By double blind method observed verbal mting scale(VRS)score.The values of NBP,HR,SpO2 and respiration rate(RR)were recorded before intranasal drugs and 5,10,20,40,60 min after intranasal drugs.The amount of local anesthetic,the size of thyroid gland,the time of operation and the satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Nausea vomiting and pruritus were also observed in order to assess the safety of intranasal sufentanil.Results All patients completed the operation successfully.The RR in the observed group decreased to(13.1±0.5),(13.8±0.6),(13.8±0.8)times/min after intranasal sufentanil 10,20,40 min,and had significant difference with those before intranasal drugs(P＜0.05),anastated after 60 min.VRS score of the observed group was(2.0±0.4)scales,less than the control group,and had significant difference when the surgeon was dissecting thyroid gland(P＜0.05).The amount of local anesthetic in the observed group was(42.5±6.9)ml,less than the control group(63.7±4.3)ml(P＜0.05).The satisfaction had significant difference between the two groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Intranasal sufentanil for analgesia is a safe and useful technology.

BACKGROUNDThe optimal ventilated status under total intravenous or inhalation anesthesia in neurosurgical patients with a supratentorial tumor has not been ascertained. The purpose of this study was to intraoperatively compare the effects of moderate hyperventilation on the jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjO 2 ), cerebral oxygen extraction ratio (O 2 ER), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) in patients with a supratentorial tumor under different anesthetic regimens.

METHODSTwenty adult patients suffered from supratentorial tumors were randomly assigned to receive a propofol infusion followed by isoflurane anesthesia after a 30-min stabilization period or isoflurane followed by propofol. The patients were randomized to one of the following two treatment sequences: hyperventilation followed by normoventilation or normoventilation followed by hyperventilation during isoflurane or propofol anesthesia, respectively. The ventilation and end-tidal CO 2 tension were maintained at a constant level for 20 min. Radial arterial and jugular bulb catheters were inserted for the blood gas sampling. At the end of each study period, we measured the change in the arterial and jugular bulb blood gases.

RESULTSThe mean value of the jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjO 2 ) significantly decreased, and the oxygen extraction ratio (O 2 ER) significantly increased under isoflurane or propofol anesthesia during hyperventilation compared with those during normoventilation (SjO 2 : t = -2.728, P = 0.011 or t = -3.504, P = 0.001; O 2 ER: t = 2.484, P = 0.020 or t = 2.892, P = 0.009). The SjO 2 significantly decreased, and the O 2 ER significantly increased under propofol anesthesia compared with those values under isoflurane anesthesia during moderate hyperventilation (SjO 2 : t = -2.769, P = 0.012; O 2 ER: t = 2.719, P = 0.013). In the study, no significant changes in the SjO 2 and the O 2 ER were observed under propofol compared with those values under isoflurane during normoventilation.

CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that the optimal ventilated status under propofol or isoflurane anesthesia in neurosurgical patients varies. Hyperventilation under propofol anesthesia should be cautiously performed in neurosurgery to maintain an improved balance between the cerebral oxygen supply and demand.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Arterial Pressure ; physiology ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Craniotomy ; methods ; Female ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Hyperventilation ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Isoflurane ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Propofol ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDPulsed radiofrequency (PRF) application to the dorsal root ganglia can reduce neuropathic pain (NP) in animal models, but the effect of PRF on damaged peripheral nerves has not been examined. We investigated the effect of PRF to the rat sciatic nerve (SN) on pain-related behavior and SN ultrastructure following chronic constriction injury (CCI).

METHODSThe analgesic effect was measured by hindpaw mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL). Twenty rats with NP induced by ligating the common SN were then randomly divided into a PRF treatment group and a sham group. The contralateral SN served as a control. The MWT and TWL were determined again 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days after the PRF or sham treatment. On day 14, ipsilateral and contralateral common SNs were excised and examined by electron microscopy.

RESULTSIpsilateral MWT was significantly reduced and TWL significantly shorter compared to the contralateral side 14 days after CCI (both P = 0.000). In the PRF group, MWT was significantly higher and TWL significantly longer 14 days after the PRF treatment compared to before PRF treatment (both P = 0.000), while no such difference was observed in the sham group (P > 0.05). Electron microscopy revealed extensive demyelination and collagen fiber formation in the ipsilateral SN of sham-treated rats but sparse demyelination and some nerve fiber regrowth in the PRF treatment group.

CONCLUSIONSHyperalgesia is relieved, and ultrastructural damage ameliorated after direct PRF treatment to the SN in the CCI rat model of NP.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Neuralgia ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; therapy ; Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sciatic Nerve ; injuries ; Sciatic Neuropathy ; therapy

A simple, rapid and sensitive colorimetric loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was established to detect HPV6 and HPV 16 respectively. The method employed a set of four specially designed primers that recognized six distinct sequences of HPV6-E6 or HPV16-E7 for amplification of nucleic acid under isothermal conditions at 63 degrees C for one hour. The amplification process of LAMP was monitored by the addition of HNB (hydroxy naphthol blue) dye prior to amplification. A positive reaction was indicated by a color change from violet to sky blue and confirmed by real-time turbidimeter and agarose electrophoresis. Thirteen cervical swab samples having single infection with 13 different HPV genotypes were examined to evaluate the specificity. A serial dilution of a cloned plasmid containing HPV-E6 or HPV-E7 gene was examined to evaluate the sensitivity. The results showed that no cross-reaction with other HPV genotypes was observed. The colorimetric LAMP assay could achieve a sensitivity of 1000 copies, 10-20 times lower than that of real-time PCR. The assay was further evaluated with 62 clinical specimens and consistent results were obtained compared with the detection using Kai Pu HPV Genotyping Kit. We concluded that this colorimetric LAMP assay had potential usefulness for the rapid screening of the HPV6 or HPV16 infection in the laboratories and hospitals of provincial and municipal region in China.
Colorimetry ; methods ; DNA Primers ; chemistry ; genetics ; Genotype ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 6 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Papillomavirus Infections ; virology