Through the suvey, we find that freshmen are generally suited for college physics studies. ln this paper, high school and college students’ interest in Learnig, their initiatives, the change of their study methods and the teachers’ teaching methods are discussed.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of severe hemolysis during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Methods The clinical data of adult patients undergoing ECMO after cardiac surgery admitted to Fuwai Hospital from December 2010 to October 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic characteristics, renal function, primary disease, operation data, ECMO related data and outcomes were recorded. Patients were divided into normal free hemoglobin (FHB) group (FHB ≤ 500 mg/L) and severe hemolysis group (FHB > 500 mg/L) according to the FHB level during ECMO support. The parameters before and after ECMO support were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to identify the independent risk factors of severe hemolysis. Results A total of 81 patients including 19 patients with severe hemolysis was enrolled, and 62 in normal FHB group. There was no difference in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, clamping time, lactate level before ECMO, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intra-aortic balloon pump use and central catheter insertion between two groups. The maximums of serum creatinine (SCr) and FHB levels were higher in severe hemolysis group as compared with those in normal FHB group [maximal SCr (μmol/L): 281.02±164.11 vs. 196.67±87.31, maximal FHB (mg/L): 600 (600, 700) vs. 200 (100, 300)], the incidence of clots in circuit or oxygenator, infection, and hemofiltration in severe hemolysis group was increased [26.3% (5/19) vs. 4.8% (3/62), 31.6% (6/19) vs. 12.9% (8/62), 36.8% (7/19) vs. 14.5% (9/62), all P < 0.1]. As well as outcomes including the rate of site of surgery or intubation bleeding and acute renal failure [ARF, 57.9 % (11/19) vs. 30.6% (19/62), 94.7% (18/19) vs. 41.9% (26/62)], and the survival rate was lowered [10.5% (2/19) vs. 51.6% (32/62), all P < 0.05]. As result of univariate analysis, clots in circuit or oxygenator, infection and hemofiltration were associated with severe hemolysis. It was showed by logistic regression analysis that the clots in circuit or oxygenator was a risk factor of severe hemolysis during ECMO [odds ratio (OR) = 6.262, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.244-31.515, P = 0.026]. Conclusions The clots in circuit or oxygenator were independent risk factors of severe hemolysis during ECMO. Severe hemolysis can induce the increase of the rate of bleeding in the operation site or intubation and the rate of ARF, and decrease of the survival rate.

Objective To establish a rat skin organ culture model to study the initiation of hair follicle morphogenesis, and the dynamic expression of Wnt10b/β-catenin in the developing hair follicle. Methods The dorsal skins of SD rat at embryos 14-17 (E14-E17) were cultured on a gelatin sponge-supported tissue culture system at the air/liquid interface of DMEM with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 3-6 days, some of which removed from El5 were cultured in DMEM with FBS of different concentrations. HE staining and fluoroimmunoassay were adopted. Results The model we established allowed skin tissues isolated from E14-E15 to develop in a manner that was histologically and temporarily similar to the process in vivo. However, the developing hair follicle ceased to continue when their morphogenetic process reached the forth stage, and the concentration of FBS did not show any significant effect on the development of hair follicle. Expression of Wnt10b/β-catenin was induced in culture, as it also occurred in vivo,but grew weak till it disappeared in culture for 6 days, which was accompanied by development halt of hair follicle. Conclusions A rat skin organ culture model is established in which the morphogenesis of hair follicle takes place in a manner similar to in vivo, and Wnt10b/β-catenin probably has a close connection with the early morphogenesis of hair follicle.

Objective To investigate the rationality and safety of dengzhanxixin injection used in elderly inpatients. Methods The clinical data of 986 inpatients including 620 males and 366 females were collected, and questionnaires containing age, sex, discharge diagnosis, symptoms, drug dosage, course of treatment, laboratory examination, adverse drug reaction and drug effect were analyzed. Results For the 986 cases, the average age was(74.3±7.5)years. The average dose of dengzhanxixin injection was (38.2±4.4) ml, once daily by intravenous drip, and the average period of treatment was (10.8±5.2) days. The adverse reaction rate was 0.81%. The levels of blood glucose and hemoglobin were decreased after treatment(t orμ=1226.5,2620.0, both P<0.05), but there were no statistical differences in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CREA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and white blood cell count (WBC) before and after treatment (t or μ=122.5, 405.0, 513.5, 996.5, 956.5, all P>0.05). Conclusions It is safe to use dengzhanxixin injection according to the medication description for elderly inpatients.

Objective To evaluate the postoperative complications and safety of pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) versus pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods Medline,EMBASE,Science Direct,Springer link,CBM,Cnki,Wan fang and VIP database were retrieved by computer search between 1st January 2004 and 31st March 2014 to collect all the RCT articles on pancreaticojejunostomy versus pancreaticogastrostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy.The quality of the included trials was studied by assessing the inclusive and exclusive criteria (the PRISMA statement) by 2 researchers independently,then the data were extracted and analyzed using the RevMan 5.2.10 software.Results A total of 6 prospective randomized controlled trials which involved 976 patents were included in the study.There were significant differences between PG and PJ in terms of postoperative pancreatic fistula (RR:0.51 ; 95 ％ CI:0.37-0.70 ; P ＜ 0.0001),intra-abdominal fluid collection (RR:0.55 ; 95 ％ CI:0.34-0.89; P =0.01),and postoperative biliary fistula (RR:0.14; 95％ CI:0.03-0.59; P =0.0008).There was no significant difference in postoperative complications,mortality,delayed gastric emptying,postoperative hemorrhage,reoperation and length of hospital stay (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Pancreaticogastrostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy is superior to pancreaticojejunostomy in safety and practicability.However,large,multicenter prospective randomized controlled trials are still needed to confirm the findings of this meta-anlaysis.

Due to the subjective and objective constraints of universities in China,PBL Teaching Mode failed to gain its popularity in China's medical education.In its teaching reform,Guangzhou Medical University put forward a new teaching model--Web-based PBL Teaching Mode(hereinafter referred to as WPBL).by integrating the classical concept of PBL education with the real situation of the university and carried it out among students in bilingual classes of Clinical Medicine.The resuIts showed that by effectively overcoming the difficulties during the implementation of classical PBL teaching,Web-based PBL Teaching Mode not only succeeded in achieving the teaching objectives,but also improved the learning efficiency and utilization of teaching resources greatly by means of network technology.

Objective To study the subacute inhalation toxicity of Ivermectin TC, and obtain its non-observed adverse effect level(NOAEL).Methods It was performed on the doses of Ivermectin TC 190, 380, 750 mg/m3, the solvent control group (0.03%Tween-80 solution) , the control group and additional group ( there were 6 female and 6 male Sprague-Dawley rats for each group) .The animals inhaled with nose-only exposure for 4 weeks (4 h/d, 5 d/week) .The additional group should be observed another 14 days after exposing.At the end of experiment, the rats were killed, the routine and biochemical detection, the body weight and organ to body weight ratios were all measured.Results In the high exposure group, clinical signs of rats included hair fluffy, dull, salivation, tremors were recorded at the exposure period;in female rats, feed efficiency was decreased, ALT and liver to body weight ratio were increased; in male rats, BUN and ALT were increased, CHOL and body weight for the 4th week were decreased.Histopathological examinations revealed that swelling in the liver cell was seen in some female rats at high exposure group.Conclusion The results suggested that the NOAEL of Ivermectin TC in SD rats was 380 mg/m3(4 h/d for 28 days).

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of craniocervical flexion training using pressure biofeedback combined with cervical traction among patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). Methods: Sixty patients with CSR receiving treatment in Center of Rehabilitation, Zhejiang Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled and randomly assigned into the control and treatment groups, of 30 patients in each group. All patients were given cervical traction, and patients in the treatment group were given additional craniocervical flexion training using pressure biofeedback for successive four weeks. The effectiveness of craniocervical flexion training combined with cervical traction was evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the active range of motion (AROM) of cervical flexion, and the neck pain and cervical functions were compared between the two groups before and after treatments using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: Fifteen men were included in the treatment group, with a mean age of (49.47±5.33) years, mean disease course of (5.53±2.89) months, and mean VAS score of (4.73±1.39) points, and there were no significant differences between the control and treatment groups in terms of gender, age, course of disease or VAS score (P>0.05). The VAS score and NDI were lower 4 weeks post-treatment than pretreatment in both the treatment [VAS score: (2.13±1.01) vs. (4.73±1.39); NDI: (12.17±2.12) vs. (20.20±3.78)] and control groups [VAS score: (2.93±1.11) vs. (4.90±1.21); NDI: (15.23±2.39) vs. (19.60±3.30)], and the AROM of cervical flexion was significantly higher 4 weeks post-treatment than pretreatment in both the treatment [(42.87°±2.99°) vs. (37.50°±2.80°)] and control groups [(41.80°±3.61°) vs. (38.07°±2.99°)]; there was an interaction between time and group, and a higher improvement for cervical functions was seen in the treatment group than in the control group (FVAS =5.119, P=0.027; FNDI=15.473, P<0.001; FAROM=11.443, P<0.001). Conclusion Craniocervical flexion training using pressure biofeedback combined with cervical traction may effectively alleviate the neck pain and increase the AROM among patients with CRS, which is more effective to improve patients' cervical functions than cervical traction alone.

Objective To describe the characteristics of sexual debut among college students in China to provide appropriate sex education in that population. Methods An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 33 653 college students selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method in 18 provinces and cities of China. Results The percentage of students who had initiated sexual intercourse before age 14 was 1.9%. Overall, male students (2.8%) were significantly more likely to have initiated sexual intercourse before age 14, than female students (1.1%). The percentage of students who had initiated sexual intercourse from age 15 to 18 was 6.4% in males versus 2.1% in females. while the rates of students who had initiated sexual intercourse after age 19 were 6.9% in males and 2.6% in females. The first sexual intercourse was significantly associated with parental educational attainment, geographic location and family structure. Students whose parents were relatively well educated, living in the western areas of the country China, or with nucleus/extensive families were more likely to have early sex in their puberties. Conclusion Sexual education should be strengthened especially in the western areas, and targeted on the students whose parents with relatively higher educational background or who were from extensive families.

Objectives:To explore the relationship between cyber bullying incident and psychological status of college students,and the effects of online social support and psychological resilience.Methods:Totally 608 college students (aged 17-25 years) were selected.They were investigated with the Cyberbullying Inventory (CI,including cyber bullying and cyber bullied),Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90),College Students' Online Social Support Scale (CSOSSS) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RSIC).Results:Online social support partly mediated the relationship between cyber bullying dimension or cyber bullied dimension and psychological status,and the ratios of the mediating effects to total effects were 24.1％ and 22.0％ separately.Psychological resilience didn't moderate the relationship between cyber bullying dimension and psychological status (β =0.01,P ＞ 0.05),but moderated the relationship between cyber bullied and psychological status (β =-0.08,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:The cyber bullying and cyber bullied may be not only related to psychological status directly,but also related to social support indirectly through online.Psychological resilience could buffer the effect of cyber bullied on psychological status.