Objective:To develop an HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of seven alkaloid constitutents, so-phoranholN-oxide, oxymatrine, sophoridine, oxysophocarpine, sophoranol, matrine and sophocarpine in Sophora flavescens Ait. Meth-ods:The chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax C18 column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm) with 10 mmol·L-1 NH4Ac(0.1% ammonia, pH=9.0)(A)-acetonitrile-methanol(1 ∶22) containing 20 mmol·L-1NH4Ac(B) as the mobile phase with gradient elution at the flow rate of 1 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength was set at 220 nm,and the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. Results: SophoranholN-oxide, oxymatrine, sophoridine, oxysoph-ocarpine, sophoranol, matrine and sopho-carpine was linear within the range of 0.093-1.860 μg(r =0.999 6) , 0.530-10.600 μg (r =0.999 7), 0.062-1.240 μg (r =0. 999 8), 0. 281-5. 620 μg (r=0. 999 9), 0. 026-0. 520 μg (r=0. 999 8) ,0. 036-0. 720 μg (r=0. 999 7) and 0. 032-0. 640 μg (r=0. 999 6), respectively. The average recovery was 97. 5%, 98. 2%, 99. 0%, 99. 4%, 99. 2%, 98. 2% and 98. 7%, and RSD was 1. 18%, 0. 92%, 1. 43%, 1. 04%, 0. 81%, 0. 43% and 0. 88%(n =6), respectively. Conclusion:The method is convenient, accurate and reproducible in the quality control of multicomponents in Sophora flavescens Ait.

Cancer pain can seriously disturb patients′quality of life.Intractable cancer pain not ame-nable to standard analgesics is a horrifying truth in parts of the patients.Interventional pain management tech-niques can be an effective alternative for those patients.Based on the evidence of evidence-based medicine, celiac plexus block or splanchnic nerve block are recommended for the management of upper abdominal cancer pain,pelvic cancer pain can be managed with superior hypogastric plexus block,and back pain due to vertebral compression fractures with tumor invasion can be managed with percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. Intercostal nerve block for chest wall cancer pain,ganglion impar block and saddle block for perineal pain due to pelvic tumors should be used only in the context of an experimental study or in cases of compassionate use with no other available forms of effective pain relief.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to carbapenem. Methods The minimal inhibitory concentrations ( MICs) of the antimicrobial agents were determined by E-test. The 23 β-lactamase genes and 2 porin genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , then the products were purified and their sequences were analyzed. Results The MICs of piperacillin, piperacillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoperazone/sulbactam, cefotaxime, cefepime and aztreonam to 5 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were all higher than 128 μg/mL, and those of imipenem or meropenem were higher than 32 μg/mL. All isolates carried blaTEM-1 and blaDHA-1 genes. Deletion of ompK35 and ompK36 were observed in Kp01 and Kp03, and the deletion of ompK35 was also observed in Kp02 and Kp05. Base insertion of ompK36 occurred in Kp02, Kp04 and Kp05. Compared with GenBank (GU945384) , ompK35 gene mutations of G→C at base 465 and T → C at base 466 in Kp04 lead to Gln to His substitution at position 155 and Tyr to its substitution at position 156, and it might be a new subtype. Conclusion The production of DHA-1 β-lactamase combined with the loss of OmpK36 or OmpK35 in porin genes may contribute to high-level carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background In recent years,some researches show that getting younger over the diabetes mellitus (DM) was an obrious trend.But studies of early diabetic retinopathy in young people with diabetes were few.Both patients and doctors did not put enough importance on it.Objective This study was to evaluate the earlier dynamic changes of retina morphology and function caused by type 2 DM in young population.Methods A cohort study was designed.One hundred and thirty-six young patients who were initially diagnosed as type 2 DM in Cangzhou Central Hospital were included from January to March in 2010 and 91 healthy individuals with the matched age were enrolled at the same period.Glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc) level in blood was assayed yearly,and ophthalmoscope,optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual contrast sensitivity (CS) examinations were performed to evaluate the dynamic changes of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness around optical disc,retinal function and retinal microvessels of DM patients.In addition,the correlation between RNFL thickness or CS and average HbAlc level in DM patients was assessed.This study followed Declaration of Helsinki,and written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results The levels of HbAlc in DM patients were (7.5 ±1.6) ％,(7.2 ±1.6) ％,(7.4 ±1.6) ％,(7.6±1.6)％ and (7.7 ±1.6)％ in 2010,2011,2012,2013 and 2014,respectively,and HbAlc≥7.0％ was observed in 74 patients (54.4％).The RNFL thicknesses of full optic disk and superior 1/4 quadrant of the optic disk were significantly declined in 2012,2013 and 2014 in the DM group compared with the normal control group (full disk:t =2.216,5.003,7.303;all at P ＜ 0.05.superior 1/4 quadrant:t =2.382,5.657,7.194;all at P ＜ 0.05),but no significant differences were found between them in 2010 and 2011 (all at P＞0.05).In the DM group,RNFL thicknesses of full optic disk were (99.94±10.01) μm and (96.32±10.32) μm in 2013 and 2014,which were significantly lower than (104.55±9.23) μm in 2010 (t=7.819,13.959,both at P＜0.05);the RNFL thicknesses of superior 1/4 quadrant around disk were (118.64± 13.98) μm and (115.06 ± 14.35) μm in 2013 and 2014,which were significantly lower than (127.48± 13.67) μm in 2010 (t =10.504,14.758,both at P＜0.05),However,the RNFL thicknesses were not significantly changed among the different time points in the normal control group (all at P＞0.05).In addition,the CS values of 3.0,6.0,12.0,18.0 c/d in 2013 and 2014 in the DM group were lower than those in the normal control group (all at P＜0.05),and the CS values in 2013 and 2014 were reduced in comparison with 2010 in the DM group (all at P＜0.05).Positive correlations were found between the differences of RNFL thickness or CS and the average HbAlc level in the DM group (r =0.640,F =8.991,P =0.000;r =0.541,F =7.572,P =0.000).Retinal microaneurysms were seen in two type 2 DM patients by ophthalmoscope at the end of follow-up.Conclusions The young people with type 2 DM have poor blood glucose control.The RNFLs are thinning and visual functions are declining in young type 2 DM patients with the lapse of disease course,and these retinal damages are associated with poor control of blood glucose.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of DZWJY-1 type electronic moxibustion apparatus and traditional moxibustion in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: A total of 76 eligible patients were randomized into an electronic moxibustion apparatus group and a traditional moxibustion group, with 38 cases in each group. The electronic moxibustion apparatus group was intervened by DZWJY-1 type electronic moxibustion apparatus, and the traditional moxibustion group received moxa stick moxibustion for treatment. Neixiyan (EX-LE 4), Dubi (ST 35), Xuehai (SP 10) and Liangqiu (ST 34) were selected for both groups and the treatment was conducted 3 times a week for a total of 12 times. The visual analog scale (VAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) scores were observed before treatment and after 6 and 12 sessions of treatment, respectively. Results: There were 4 dropout cases in the traditional moxibustion group. Therefore, this trial had 72 valid cases, including 38 cases in the electronic moxibustion apparatus group and 34 cases in the traditional moxibustion group, the differences in the baseline data between the two groups were statistically insignificant (P>0.05). After 6 and 12 sessions of treatment, the VAS scores decreased significantly with the increase of treatment sessions in both groups (all P<0.01), and the betweengroup differences were statistically insignificant at the same time points (both P>0.05). The pain intensity was evaluated using the weighted value of VAS score. The markedly effective rate was 47.4％ and the total effective rate was 89.5％ in the electronic moxibustion apparatus group, versus 50.0％ and 94.1％ in the traditional moxibustion group, and the betweengroup differences were statistically insignificant (both P>0.05). After 6 and 12 sessions of treatment, the total score and the component scores including pain, stiffness and difficulty moving in the WOMAC decreased significantly with the increase of treatment sessions in both groups (all P<0.01), and the between-group differences were statistically insignificant (all P>0.05). Conclusion: Electronic moxibustion apparatus and traditional moxibustion both are effective in reducing joint pain and improving joint function in KOA patients, and they are equivalent comparing the clinical efficacy.

Objective To investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated silencing of △Np73 on 5-FU chemotherapy sensitivity in SW620 colocancer cells and provide new treatment approach for the colon cancer.Methods siRNAs were transfected into SW620 colon cancer cells.The expression of △Np73 was observed.Cell viability of colon cancer cells were measured by MTr assay and cell apoptosis was assessed with flow cytometry after treatment of control siRNA or △Np73 siRNA or combined with 5-FU,respectively.The tumorigenesis was assessed by injecting △Np73 siRNA or control siRNA transfeeted SW620 colon cancer cells into nude mice,followed by treatment with 5-FU in the tumors.Results △Np73 siRNA was able to strongly inhibit △Np73 expression,however,it did not inhibit the growth of cells.Combination treatment with △Np73 siRNA and 5-FU produced significant higher apoptotic cell(42.9%) as compared with those with 5-FU treatment(18.9%) alone or those with △Np73 siRNA(8.8%) alone.The treatment with 5-FU in the xenngrafts derived from △Np73 siRNA transfected SW620 cells in nude mice can inhibitor tumor growth significantly (t=15.32,P<0.05).Conclusion △Np73siRNAs can specifically repress the expression of △Np73.Thus it sensitizess the cells to 5-FU chemotherapy in colon cancer.

BACKGROUND:Cauda equina syndrome often induces skin hypoesthesia in the perineal area, poor urine-stool control, and impairs male function. After peripheral nerve fiber injury, apoptosis of neurons appeared. This is associated with the nature of the injury, the types of neurons, the species of animals, the age, and the distance between neurons. OBJECTIVE:To explore the motor neuron apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-associated protein in the anterior horn of the spinal cord after acute cauda equina compression. METHODS:A total of 27 canines were randomly divided into three groups. In the compression and control groups, models of cauda equina compression were established. In the normal group, no models were established. Compression group received water sac compression for 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours, with three models in each group. In the control group, only water sac was implanted, but water was not injected. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase TdT-mediated biotin dUTP nick end-labeling assay was used to detect the apoptosis of neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 protein expressions were measured by immunohistochemical staining (strept avidin-biotin complex). Gray values of positive cels of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein expressions were detected using Qwin550Cw image colection and analysis system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The apoptosis of motor neuron occurred in the compression groups. At 12 hours of compression, positive cels were detected, and the number of positive cels reached a peak at 72 hours. Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression was smal in the normal group. Caspase-3 protein expression was not detected in the normal and control groups. Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly increased at 8 hours, peaked at 72 hours and reduced to a normal level at 168 hours. The increased range of Bax protein expression was bigger than that of Bcl-2. Caspase-3 protein began to express at 12 hours, peaked at 72 hours and reduced to a low level at 168 hours. Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression peaked at 72 hours, and Bcl-2 protein expression was not obviously increased. These findings verified that after acute cauda equina compression, the apoptosis of neurons occurred in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression showed an antagonistic action. In the Bax/Bcl-2 complex, Bax protein in a high expression promoted apoptosis, induced Caspase-3 protein expression, and neuronal apoptosis.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of medicated γintrauterine device (IUD) and medicated genefix IUD inserted immediately after abortion. Methods A multicenter clinical trail was performed for the study from Mar. 2012 to Jan. 2013. Totally 840 women who volunteered to participate were randomly allocated to γ-group (medicated γ IUD) or genefix-group (medicated genefix IUD) immediately after abortion. While 464 abortion women who had not used IUD or steroids contraceptive methods were chosen as control group. The effectiveness of the IUD were followed up for 1 year. All women were required to record the number of vaginal bleeding days and blood volume of vaginal bleeding within 3 months after abortion. Results At the 12th month, the expulsion was the most common reason for termination. The expulsion rates of genefix-group and γ-group were 2.48/100 women years and 3.12/100 women years, respectively (P>0.05). For the expulsion reasons, IUD moving down could account for more than seventy percent. The removal rate for IUD usage of two IUD groups were almost equal (3.91/100 women years verus 4.35/100 women years), the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). At the 90th day after abortion, comparing with control group, the bleeding and (or) spotting days of genefix-group and γ-group extended by 3.9 and 2.6 days respectively, the differences had statistical significance between the three groups (P<0.05). Among the bleeding and (or) spotting days, spotting days prolonged significantly. At the 12th month, spotting days of genefix-group andγ-group were (9.2±5.9) days and (8.5±4.6) days respectively, more than (5.2 ± 4.0) days of control group. The differences had statistical significance between IUD with control group (P<0.05), and had not between the two kinds of IUD (P>0.05). Conclusion The insertion of medicated genefix IUD and medicated γ IUD immediately after abortion is safe, feasible, has slight side effects and could be effective contraception.

Aliphatic amines in infant food packaging materials were extracted and concentrated by 0 . 5 mL of acidified methanol using gas purge microsyringe extraction ( GP-MSE ) . Pre-column fluorescence labeling of amines was achieved in mild conditions with 10-ethyl-acridine-2-sulfonyl chloride ( EASC ) as labeling reagent. The derivatization was carried out at 60℃ and pH 10. The derivatives were successfully separated on a Hypersil GOLD column with excitation and emission wavelengths of 262 and 430 nm, respectively. The detection limits were in the range of 0. 4-0. 6 μg/kg, and the quantitation limits were in the range of 1. 2-2. 1 μg/kg. All analytes were in good linearity in the concentration range of 2. 0-2000 μg/L with correlation coefficients of higher than 0. 998. The developed method was characterized by celerity, accuracy and high sensitivity. It was successfully applied to the determination of aliphatic amines in infant food packaging materials.

To explore the status of cancer pain management among hospitalized elderly patients.Pain intensity,use of analgesic drugs and incidence of adverse reactions were surveyed for 620 cancer pain patients.And 218 of them were aged over 65 years.The proportions of mild,moderate and severe pain were 29.8％,36.2％ and 34.0％ respectively.And the corresponding rates in young and middle-aged patients were 28.4％,34.8％ and 36.8％ respectively (P ＞ 0.05).In elders with cancer pain,28％ used no analgesic.For severe pain patients,only 71.6％ received potent opioids and 5.4％ nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.And the corresponding rates in young and middle-aged patients were 26.1％,73.0％ and 4.7％ respectively (P ＞ 0.05).The rates of constipation,dysuria and delirium in elderly patient group were higher than young and middle-aged patient group (P ＜ 0.05).Pain management is unsatisfactory and rational uses of analgesic drugs should be strengthened for preventing the relevant adverse reactions.