PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to show the effect of walking exercise on physiological index, physical fitness, self-esteem. depression. and life satisfaction in institutionalized elderly women aged over 70. SAMPLE AND METHOD: Data were collected from subjects who consented to participate in this program for eight weeks from the 2nd of July to the 27th of August 2005. The subjects were divided into two groups, 26 subjects in the experimental group who had walking exercise and 30 in the control group who did not have walking exercise. The intensity of the walking exercise allowed 50-65% of the maximum heartbeat. RESULTS: The results of the experiment supported the hypothesis that the experimental group would have higher flexibility, left grip strength, sense of equilibrium, self-esteem and life satisfaction and lower depression than the control group. CONCLUSION: Walking exercise has the effect of decreasing diastolic blood pressure together with improvement in flexibility, left grip strength, sense of equilibrium, self-esteem, depression and life satisfaction for institutionalized elderly women aged over 70. According to the results presented above, walking exercise can be strongly recommended for improving the health of institutionalized elderly women.
Aged* ; Blood Pressure ; Depression* ; Female ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Physical Fitness* ; Pliability ; Self Concept* ; Walking*

No abstract available.
Copper* ; Humans ; Infant Formula* ; Infant* ; Zinc*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between the feeling of powerlessness, social support and life satisfaction in the elderly. METHODS: The subjects were 158 old people aged over 65 who were attending one of one college and three settlement houses for senior citizens located in B city. RESULTS: The relationship between the feeling of powerlessness and life satisfaction was in a moderate negative correlation with each other (r=-.433, p=.000). The relationship between social support and life satisfaction was in a moderate positive correlation with each other (r=.410, p=.000). It was found that the higher social support was, the higher life satisfaction was. There was remarkable difference in the form of family (F=2.69, p=.023), the form of residence (F=5.29, p=.002), whether to belong to a group (F=2.26, p=.025). CONCLUSION: For the reasons stated above, as the feeling of powerlessness is lower and social support is higher, life satisfaction is higher. The results clearly show that in order to improve life satisfaction of the elderly, we need to ease their feeling of powerlessness and enhance social support to them. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a nursing intervention program to reduce powerlessness and to improve social support for the elderly.
Aged* ; Humans ; Nursing

No abstract available.
Calcinosis* ; Heel* ; Humans ; Infant*

PURPOSE: The incidence of clinical nephritis is much higher especially in younger ages and in about one half of the cases, it also shows nephrotic syndrome. Thus, we examine the clinical and pathologic consideration of children with lupus nephritis and their treatment modality to improve the prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Among 67 cases of children under eighteen who were diagnosed SLE, 50 patients with hematuria and proteinuria from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1996 were selected for the review. RESULTS: The ratio of the male to female patient was 1:3.5 and the average age at the diagnosis was 11.85+/-3.2 years old. Most common clinical manifestations at the time of the diagnosis were fever and skin rashes and the common laboratory results were proteinuria, hematuria, Out of 50 cases, 33 cases had renal biopsy. The results were 17 cases of Class IV, 7 cases of Class lll, 5 cases of Class lll, 3 cases of Class V and 1 case of Class l. Different treatment modalities were carried out; Corticosteroid only 21 cases, Corticosteroid+Azathioprine 25 cases, Corticosteroid+Cyclophosphamide 3 cases, and Corticosteroid+Cyclosporine A 1 case. However, there were no significant difference in the recurrence and complete remission rate of lupus nephritis in between each treatment groups. Average follow-up period was 37+/-23 months. Of all the follow-ups, 7 patients were dead. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis should be carried out with renal biopsy, and should be considered for vigorous therapy, which currently includes high doses of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Among these immunosuppressive agents, azathioprine has a lower incidence of long-term complications and low costs might be recommended. In addition, regular check-up for anti-DNA antibody, serum complement concentration and appropriate moniroting and management for the adverse effects of the treatment should enable to reach the continuous remission.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Azathioprine* ; Biopsy ; Child* ; Complement System Proteins ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Exanthema ; Female ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Incidence ; Lupus Nephritis* ; Male ; Nephritis ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Prognosis ; Proteinuria ; Recurrence

No abstract available.
Dermoscopy* ; Diagnosis

No abstract available.
Acne Vulgaris ; Edema*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Interleukins* ; Sepsis* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the prevention of needle stick injury. METHODS: Data collection was conducted during the period July 15-31, 2013 by a self-administered questionnaire involving 220 nurses working in 7 hospitals. The data was analyzed by SPSS v18 and AMOS v18. RESULTS: Actions by nurses to prevent needle stick injury were directly and indirectly influenced by perceived benefits, attitude toward the behavior, perceived behavioral control, and intention underlying the behavior. Specially, perceived behavioral control is verified to have not only direct influence but also indirect influence on the performance of preventive action through the intention underlying the behavior. Also, perceived benefits indirectly influence the intention toward the behavior and performance of preventive action through attitude toward the behavior and perceived behavioral control. The predictor variables in this model are 52% explicable in terms of intention of prevention action against needle stick injury, and 66% explicable in terms of performance of preventive action. CONCLUSION: To ensure high performance of preventive action against needle stick injury, constructing not only the solution that inspires the intention toward behavior but also a system that can positively solve and improve obstructive factors in behavioral performance is of primary importance.
Data Collection ; Intention ; Needles* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The complement system is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of the skin lesions in pernphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Authors examined the skin specimens of each disease cases, who did not show any evidence of complement deficiency, to determine the deposition of complement components(C4, C3, Chb-9) and their inhibitors(C4bp, Factor H, S-protein) by modified direct immunofluorescence. We also looked at the staining pattern and localization, for further insights of their pathobiologic contributions in each disease. The findings of deposits of complement components up to C9, as well as inhibitor proteins at the primary histopathologic sites, in the majority of those cases, may indicate that the complement system, to certain extent, involves the inflamrnatory reactions in these diseases. The co-localization of C5b-9 and S-protein could be regarded as the consequence of in situ formation of SC5b-9 complexs or as the result of non-lytic adsorbed complexes of fluid phase SC5b-9. The pathologic role of the complement seems to depend mostly on the complement-fixing biologic property and the amount of the tissue bound immune complexes, which are often heterogeneous to different diseases and among different patients.
Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Complement Factor H ; Complement Membrane Attack Complex ; Complement System Proteins* ; Dermatitis Herpetiformis ; Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; Skin ; Skin Diseases*