No abstract available.
Humans ; Plasma* ; Tranexamic Acid* ; Urticaria*

No abstract available.
Acupuncture* ; Mycobacterium*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether embryonic stem (ES) cells can be established from isolated blastomeres of mouse embryos. METHODS: Blastomeres were separated from mouse (C57Bl/6J) 2- or 4-cell embryos. Isolated blastomeres or whole 4-cell embryos were co-cultured with mitosis-arrested STO feeder cells in DMEM supplemented with recombinant murine leukemia inhibitory factor and ES-qualified fetal bovine serum. After the tentative ES cell lines were maintained from isolated blastomeres or whole embryos, some of them were frozen and the others were sub-cultured continually. Characteristics of tentative ES cell lines as were evaluated for specific gene expressions with immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS: One ES cell line (3.0%) was established from isolated blastomere of 2-cell embryo and one cell line (4.0%) from isolated two blastomeres of 4-cell embryo. And five cell lines (16.7%) were established from whole 4-cell embryos. Both cell lines from isolated blastomere and whole embryo expressed mouse ES cells specific markers such as SSEA-1, Oct-4 and alkaline phosphatase. Marker genes of three germ layers were expressed from embryoid bodies of both cell lines. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that mouse ES cells could be established from isolated blastomeres, although the efficiency is lower than whole embryos. This animal model could be applied to establishment of autologous human ES cells from biopsied blastomeres of preimplantation embryos in human IVF-ET program.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Antigens, CD15 ; Blastocyst* ; Blastomeres* ; Cell Line ; Embryoid Bodies ; Embryonic Stem Cells* ; Embryonic Structures ; Feeder Cells ; Gene Expression ; Germ Layers ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ; Mice* ; Models, Animal

This study was conducted to determine the appropriateness of the indicators and items on teacher evaluations for professional development and to provide insight for their improvement. To accomplish this, the perception of the importance and performance frequency of 318 nutrition teachers regarding their roles inherent in the indicators and items were evaluated through a survey questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a paired t-test. In addition, the reflective analysis and constant comparison method were employed to analyze the responses to the open-ended questions asking problems in the indicators and items. The results revealed that the mean scores for the importance and performance frequency of most indicators and items were over four points, which implies that most indicators and items are appropriate for evaluating the job tasks of nutrition teachers. However, it was suggested that a few items be revised or removed for their improvement and appropriateness. This study concluded that nutrition teachers should have more chances to provide nutrition education for students to enable them to perform as teachers and not simply dietitians.
Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

OBJECTIVE: Embryonic stem (ES) cells could be differentiated into the specific cell types by alternation of culture condition and modification of gene expression. This study was performed to evaluate the differentiation protocol for mouse and human ES cells to insulin secreting cells. METHODS: Undifferentiated mouse (JH-1) and human (Miz-hES1) ES cells were cultured on STO feeder layer, and embryoid bodies (EBs) were formed by suspension culture. For the differentiation, EBs were cultured by sequential system with three stage protocol. The differentiating ES cells were collected and marker gene expressions were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in each stage. Amount of secreted insulin levels in culture media of human ES cells were measured by human insulin specific RIA kit. RESULTS: During the differentiation process of human ES cells, GATA-4, alpha-fetoprotein, glucose transporter-2 and Ngn-3 expression were increased whereas Oct-4 was decreased progressively. Insulin and albumin mRNAs were expressed from stage II in mouse ES cells and from stage III in human ES cells. We detected 3.0~7.9 microU/ml secretion of insulin from differentiated human ES cells by in vitro culture for 36 days. CONCLUSION: The sequential culture system could induce the differentiation of mouse and human ES cells into insulin secreting cells. This is the first report of differentiation of human ES cells into insulin secreting cells by in vitro culture with serum and insulin free medium.
alpha-Fetoproteins ; Animals ; Culture Media ; Embryoid Bodies ; Embryonic Stem Cells* ; Feeder Cells ; Gene Expression ; Glucose ; Humans ; Insulin* ; Insulin-Secreting Cells* ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger

PURPOSE: To analyze the recovery course of foveal microstructures and evaluate the important structures for visual improvement after vitrectomy for full thickness macular hole (MH) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 34 cases with idiopathic macular hole. We investigated the healing process of foveal microstructures and visual acuity pre- and post-operatively at 1, 3, 6, 12 months after surgery. We evaluated the integrity of four factors by OCT image: existence of MH (Hole, H(1,3,6,12)), recovery of outer nuclear layer (ONL, O(1,3,6,12)), recovery of external limiting membrane (ELM, E(1,3,6,12)), and recovery of inner segment-outer segment (IS/OS) line of the photoreceptor (Photoreceptor, P(1,3,6,12)). We compared the recovery course and visual acuity of the four groups based on postoperative 12 months. RESULTS: The mean observed period was 1.85 ± 2.59 months at recovery of ONL, 3.78 ± 3.83 months at recovery of ONL and ELM, and 7.40 ± 3.56 months at recovery of ONL, ELM and IS/OS line. At postoperative 12 months, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of Groups E and P were better than that of Groups H and O (p < 0.05). Except for group H, all groups had improved BCVA at postoperative 12 months compared to preoperative BCVA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Recovery sequences of foveal microstructures were ONL, ELM and IS/OS line after vitrectomy for idiopathic MH. The most important structures for visual acuity were restorations of both ELM and IS/OS line.
Medical Records ; Membranes ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic disease, and lymphadenopathy is frequently observed in these patients. Among the 5 subtypes of IgG4-related lymphadenopathy, progressively transformed germinal centers (PTGC)-type IgG4-related lymphadenopathy possesses a unique characteristic that differentiates it from the other 4 subtypes. Here, we report on a rare case of PTGC-type IgG4-related lymphadenopathy accompanying Mikulicz's disease. A 39-year-old female complained of a left cervical mass and bilateral upper eyelid hypertrophy. The serum level of IgG4 was elevated, and computed tomography showed enlargement of the bilateral lacrimal and submandibular glands and left cervical lymph node. Excisional biopsy of a submandibular gland and cervical lymph node was performed, and the histopathologic findings revealed Mikulicz's disease accompanied by PTGC-type IgG4-related lymphadenopathy. After treatment of the patient with oral prednisolone and azathioprine, the patient's appearance improved. To the best of our knowledge, no case of PTGC-type IgG4-related lymphadenopathy has been previously reported in Korea.
Adult ; Azathioprine ; Biopsy ; Eyelids ; Female ; Germinal Center ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins* ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases* ; Prednisolone ; Sjogren's Syndrome* ; Submandibular Gland