No abstract available.
Parkinson Disease*

BACKGROUND: The cause of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) is unknown. Recent studies suggest that IPD occurs less frequently in smokers than in non-smokers, but remains a controversial topic. We performed a case-control study to investigate the relationship between IPD and smoking in Korea. METHODS:The smoking histories of 624 IPD patients were compared with 622 age- and sex-matched control subjects at the Asan Medical Center. Detailed informa-tion on smoking behavior was identified from a questionnaire and self report. A conditional logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and control for potential confounds. RESULTS: With "never-smokers" as the refer-ence category, there was an inverse association between past-smokers and IPD (OR 0.617, p=0.029), and a stronger inverse association of IPD with current-smokers (OR 0.389, p<0.001). When smokers were stratified by the interval "since quitting", there was an inverse association between those who stopped smoking more than 10 years ago and IPD (OR 0.753, p=0.31), and a greater inverse relationship with those who stopped smoking 1 to 10 years (OR 0.489, p=0.017). A significant trend of decreased risk of IPD with pack-years of smoking was detected. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that IPD occurs less often in smokers than in non-smokers. The inverse dose-response relationship between smoking and IPD provides indirect evidence that smoking is biologically protective.
Case-Control Studies ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Parkinson Disease* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ventricular conduction abnormalities, especially RBBB, observed electrocardiographically after surgical closure of VSD. The present study population consists of 92 patients with VSD who were surgically corrected at the Hanyang University Hospital during 6 years period from Jan. 1985 to Dec. 1990. We reviewed their clinical records including surgical notes and EKG findings before and after operations. The results of the study were as follows: 1) Male to female ratio was 1.1:1 (48:44) 2) Out of a total of 92 cases of VSD, 65cases(70.7%)were perimembranous type and 27 cases (29.3%)were subarterial type. 3) The normal preoperative EKG findings were seen in 22 patients, LVH in 21 patients, BUH in 47patients, and RVH in 3 patiens. 4) A transatrial approach was performed in 55 cases, right ventriculotomy with or without resection of muscles in right ventricle in 13 cases, and pulmonary arteriotomy alone in 24 cases. 5) The right bundle branch block after operation developed in 33 patients out of the 65 patinets with perimembranous defect and 5 patients out of the 27 patients with subarterial defects. Postoperative RBBB developed more frequently in perimembranous defect than in subarterial defect. 6) Postoperative RBBB occured in 31.8% of the patients with normal preoperative EKG findings, 23.8% with preoperative LVH, 52.1% with BVH and 66.7% with RVH. Postoperative RBBB was more frequently observed in the patients group with preoperative BVH or RVH than the patients with normal or LVH. 7) Postoperative RBBB was observed in 84.6% after right wentriculotomy, in 43.6% after right atriotomy and in 12.5% with pulmonary arteriotomy alone.
Bundle-Branch Block* ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Muscles

No abstract available.
Epilepsy* ; Video Games*

No abstract available.
Herpes Zoster* ; Male ; Penis

A 19-year-old woman presented to our dental clinic with anterior crossbite and mandibular prognathism. She had a concave profile, long face, and Angle Class III molar relationship. She showed disharmony in the crowding of the maxillomandibular dentition and midline deviation. The diagnosis and treatment plan were established by a three-dimensional (3D) virtual setup and 3D surgical simulation, and a surgical wafer was produced using the stereolithography technique. No presurgical orthodontic treatment was performed. Using the surgery-first approach, Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy and mandibular bilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy setback were carried out. Treatment was completed with postorthodontic treatment. Thus, symmetrical and balanced facial soft tissue and facial form as well as stabilized and well-balanced occlusion were achieved.
Crowding ; Dental Clinics ; Dentition ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III ; Maxillary Osteotomy ; Molar ; Osteotomy ; Prognathism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: The patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) suffered by a lot of complications that influence the quality of life both physically and mentally. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of patients with spinal cord injury in incidence of the complication according to the injury level and period. METHOD: Retrospective study was done in 554 patients with SCI who discharged from Yonsei University Medical Center from January, 1987 to December, 1996. We investigated the incidence of each complication such as respiratory, cardiovascular, genitourinary, musculoskeletal, and dermatologic complications according to the neurologic level and each period (1987~1991, 1992~1996). RESULTS: Among the 554 cases, urologic complication (40.3%) was the most common complication followed by dermatologic (39.0%), musculoskeletal (33.6%), cardiovascular (27.1%) and so on. The most common complications of each system were autonomic dysreflexia (13.2%) in cardiovascular, pneumonia (9.6%) in respiratory, contracture (27.8%) in musculoskeletal, urinary tract infection (34.3%) in urologic, hemorrhoid in gastrointestinal, and central pain (24.0%) in neurogenic complications. The most common site of pressure sore was sacral area (58.9%). There was no significant difference in each complication according to the injury period. CONCLUSION: Urologic complication was the most prevalent in patients with SCI followed by dermatologic, musculoskeletal and so on. These basic results would be helpful for prevention and management of the complication of SCI.
Academic Medical Centers ; Autonomic Dysreflexia ; Contracture ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Epidemiology ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pneumonia ; Pressure Ulcer ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Urinary Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: The hypotensive effect of the lisinopril, a long acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was studied. METHOD: 10mg of lisinopril was administered in 30 hypertensive Korean adults during twelve week after a weeks observation for washout with stepwise increments of the dose according to the patients blood pressure in every two weeks. RESULTS: The supine blood pressures were decreased from 173.3+/-27.9/105.7+/-19.4mmHg to 131.8+/-23.1mmHg/81.4+/-18.7mmHg at the end of twelve weeks durg therapy(P<0.05). The standing blood pressures were also decreased conferrably and to the some lower levels. Hematologic examination and blood chemistry revealed no discernible abnormal findings before and after the treatment. During the period of the study a few probably drug-related symptom such as dry cough and dry mouth developed but not troublesome enough to stop administering. CONCLUSION: Lisinopril 10mg once daily regimen is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of hypertensive patients.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Chemistry ; Cough ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lisinopril* ; Mouth ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A

Anetoderma is a rare cutaneous disorder characterized by a loss of normal elastic tissue that presents clinically as atrophic patches located mainly on the upper trunk. Recent studies suggest immunological mechanisms may play a role in this process. Furthermore, a secondary form of macular atrophy occurs in the course of infectious diseases (e.g. syphilis and tuberculosis) and autoimmune disease (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]). Here, we report the case of a 20-year-old woman previously diagnosed with SLE, who presented with numerous well-circumscribed atrophic macules on the face and upper trunk. Histopathological examination showed decreased elastic tissues in the reticular dermis and mononuclear cells adhering to elastic fibers, consistent with anetoderma. Thus, the eruptive anetoderma localized widely on the face and upper trunk may have been caused by an autoimmune response of SLE.
Anetoderma* ; Atrophy ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Autoimmunity ; Communicable Diseases ; Dermis ; Elastic Tissue ; Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Syphilis ; Young Adult

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) usually presents 100 days after allogenic bone marrow transplantation. Chronic GVHD cutaneous lesions are characterized by lichenoid or sclerodermoid variants. Vesicles, a common presentation in patients with acute GVHD, rarely appear in chronic GVHD. We report a case of a 49-year-old man who presented with bilateral vesicles on lower extremities. He was diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome 2 years before and was taking oral cyclosporine after the allogenic bone marrow transplantation. Six months post-transplantation, lichenoid and sclerodermoid lesions developed on his entire body and he was diagnosed with chronic GVHD and eosinophilic fasciitis. A biopsy of the vesicles revealed detached lower margins of the epidermis, necrotized keratinocytes, and infiltration of lymphocytic inflammatory cells. Administration of oral prednisolone alleviated the patient's symptoms. This is an interesting case showing a new pattern of vesicle appearance after development of typical chronic GVHD lesions.
Biopsy ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cyclosporine ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Epidermis ; Fasciitis ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Lower Extremity ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; Prednisolone