ObjectiveTo analyze past study on senile dementia in China, and shape the foundation for constructing social support system for elderly with dementia.MethodsA combination of qualitative and quantitative method was used to analyze 406 literatures related to the elderly with dementia published in China since 2000.ResultsDiagnosis method for the senile dementia has matured; but the causes of the disease is still not clear and there is no thorough remedy; study on early intervention, nursing care and social support are inadequate.ConclusionDiagnostic criteria should be standardized, community screening assessment should be done on a regular basis; etiology based on risk factors should be strengthened; systematic study on intervention should be carried out; training on home care techniques should be enhanced. Resolving the care of the elderly with dementia depends on the social support system construction eventually.

ObjectiveTo analyze application of screening and assessment scales for senile dementia in China.MethodsVarieties of screening and assessment scales were found in the studies on screening and assessment of senile dementia in China, as well as their common features and epidemiological results. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used in the analysis.ResultsMini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is preferred tool in screening and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) is the secondary.ConclusionThe future research direction should include: studying the appropriate boundary value in MMSE for China; optimizing the combination of screening scale and developing more appropriate screening tool.

Objective To understand the human resource status of the community rehabilitation management in Shanghai and provide evidence for the construction of this human resource. Methods Census institutions of community rehabilitation management in Shanghai were investigated with self-questionnaire. Results Shanghai has initially established personnel of community rehabilitation management,which contains rehabilitation coordinators and street community administrator. However, the structure and number of the personnel has yet to be improved. Conclusion Personnel building must focused on optimizing the personnel structure of rehabilitation coordinator, moderately expanding the street community administrators, filling the community rehabilitation service gap between city and urban in next stage.

Two hundreds postmenopausal women with osteopenia, aged 45-80, were randomly divided into 4 groups, and received different drug interventions. After treatment for 12 months, the lumbar spine bone mineral density(BMD)and total hip BMD in alendronate group increased significantly(3.5% and 2.6%, both P＜0.05), the lumbar spine BMD raised 2.0% in selective estrogen receptor regulator group(P＜0.05). Bone turnover indices improved in both groups(all P＜0.05). No change in BMD or bone turnover indices was found in patients treated with active vitamin D3and calcium.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Shanghai.Methods Five hundred postmenopausal community-dwelling women aged 45-80 years were recruited. The case-control study was performed from June 2008 to September 2008.A total number of 250 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis identified with their bone mineral density (BMD) were selected as case group, and 250 non-osteoporosis women were selected as control group. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorption (DEXA). Results Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, eduction level, occupation, years since menopause, BMI, use of calcium,historyofnon-violencefracture,fall,diabetesmellitus,chronicgastricdiseases, gastrointestinal resection and diarrhea were related to osteoporosis.Multiple logistic regression showed that age, years since menopause and nutritional status were the risk factors for osteoporosis. ConclusionsThe occurrence of osteoporosis is related with many factors in postmenopausal women in Shanghai, and women with early menopause, low BMI and older age should pay more attention to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

AIMTo assess the parameters of cardiac structure and function of male Balb/c mice by the echocardiography.

METHODSA total of 27 male Balb/c mice (from five to seven week old) were examined with a 13-MHz transthoracic linear-array transducer, hearts were removed from mice anesthetized with Nembutal, and the left ventricular (LV) mass were weighed.

RESULTSComplete 2-dimensional echocardiography for cardiac structure and function were obtained. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded. A correlation existed between LV weight (x) and echocardiographic LV mass (y) with the 2D) guided M-mode method: y = 1.15x + 3.26, (r = 0.80).

CONCLUSIONEchocardiography appears to be a promising approach for noninvasively assessing LV mass and function in mice.

Animals ; Echocardiography ; Heart ; physiology ; Heart Ventricles ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ventricular Function, Left

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the early and midterm outcomes of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) compared with carotid stenting (CAS) in patients with carotid artery stenosis.

METHODSA prospective randomized single-center clinical trail to compare with endarterectomy and stenting in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis of at least 50% and asymptomatic stenosis of at least 70%. From May 2004 to December 2006, there were 40 patients who agreed with the treatment were randomly assigned to undergo either CEA or CAS. The primary end point was any stroke or death within 30 d after treatment and the secondary end point was any stroke, myocardial infarction and any complications of the treatment, or death or ipsilateral stroke and carotid restenosis between 1 month and 18 months, and the cost-effectiveness of both groups were analyzed retrospectively as well.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences of the characteristics in the two groups. Twenty cases in CEA group underwent 23 endarterectomies (3 cases had bilateral CEA, respectively), in which 9 carotid shunt (39.1%) and 12 patching (52.2%) were used. Twenty cases in CAS group underwent 23 stents (3 cases had bilateral CSA, respectively), in which 21 emboli-protection devices (91.3%) were used. There was no significant difference in 30 d neurological complications (4.3% vs. 8.7%), acute myocardial infarction (4.3% vs. 0), and wound hematoma (8.7% vs. 0) between CEA and CAS, respectively. There was no ipsilateral transient ischemic attack or carotid restenosis at 18 months in each group. The average cost of hospitalization was (16 450.95 +/- 6188.76) vs. (70 130.15 +/- 11 999.02) RMB in CEA and CAS, respectively, with significant difference (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe early and midterm outcomes are no significant difference between CEA and CAS, but in China, the cost of hospitalization in CAS is much higher than that of CEA.

Aged ; Carotid Stenosis ; therapy ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between autophagy gene Beclin1 and immune response effector classical HLA Ⅰ,Ⅱ in SKOV3 cells.To explore the role of Beclin1 in immunity in ovarian cancer cells which were transfected with the vector of Beclin1.Methods RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Beclin1 and HLA Ⅰ,Ⅱ in SKOV3 cells.Fluorescence microscope was carried out to observe the unique autophagosome in SKOV3 cells.MTT was used to analyze the proliferation of the Beclin1 over-expressed SKOV3 cells.Results Transfection SKOV3 cells with Beclin1 vector could induce Beclin1 transcription and translation approximately 5 and 2 times compared with empty vector group respectively.The autophagosome stained by MDC was observed by fluorescence microscope.And much more green fluorescence signal was observed in Beclin1 vector group.RT-PCR and Western blot indicated that HLA Ⅰ,Ⅱ induced by transfection with extrinsic Beclin1.The allelic transcriptions of HLA Ⅰ-A,B,C and HLA Ⅱ-DP,DQ,DR in extrinsic Beclin1 group were approximately 2,1.6,3 and 2,6,3 times compared with empty vetcor group or untreated group,respectively.The results of Western blot showed that HLA Ⅰ,Ⅱ in Beclin1 vector group induced as much as 2 and 1.6 times compared with empty vetcor group or untreated group,respectively.The results of MTT showed that the proliferation of SKOV3 cells treated with Beclin1 vector was significantly suppressed.The percentage of suppression in Beclin1 vector group at 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 his42.6％,37.8％,24.35％,14.81％ compared with untreated group or empty vector group respectively.Conclusion The enhancement of autophagy by over-expression of Beclin1 could induce HLA Ⅰ,Ⅱ transcription and translation in SKOV3 cells.The expression of HLA Ⅰ,Ⅱ may be responsible for triggering the immune response in ovarian cancer.Over-expression of Beclin1 could inhibit the proliferation of SKOV3 cells which were transfected with extrinsic Beclin1.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of the combination of Wenxia Changfu Formula ([see text], WCF) with cisplatin (CDDP) on inhibiting non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vitro and In Vivo and explore its mechanism from its effect on cell cycle.

METHODSIn vitro, WCF-containing serum was prepared and the rhubarb b1, emodin, and aconitine were detected qualitatively by high-performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC). A549 cell lines were treated with blank control (dimethyl sulfoxide), normal serum, normal serum with CDDP (1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively), WCF-containing serum plus different doses of CDDP (1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively). The inhibitory effect was detected by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazo(-zy1)-3,5-diphenylterazolium bromide (MTT). The cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The protein and mRNA expressions of cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), retinoblastoma (Rb), and p16 were observed with immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, respectively. In Vivo, nude mice xenograft model was established and grouped into the control, CDDP, WCF, and combination groups. The combination's inhibition of tumor growth and influence on the weight, spleen, and thymus gland were observed.

RESULTSThe inhibitory rate of the combination against A549 cell lines excelled the CDDP alone significantly (P <0.05); the combination showed a synergism inhibitory effect (Q=1.19). Compared with the monotherapy, the combination increased the cell percentage in G(0)/G(1) phase and decreased the cell percentage in S phase significantly (P <0.05); the protein and mRNA expressions of cyclin D1, PCNA, and Rb were significantly reduced; the protein and mRNA expressions of p16 were significantly enhanced. Compared with the monotherapy, the combination inhibited the tumor growth significantly In Vivo and reduced the weight of tumor (P <0.05); compared with the CDDP group, the spleen and thymus gland index of the combination group were enhanced significantly (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe combination of WCF with CDDP significantly inhibited the A549 cell lines proliferation in vitro and the growth of the tumor In Vivo; it inhibited effectively the atrophy of the immune organ caused by chemotherapy. The combination inhibited overproliferation of A549 cell lines by arresting the G(0) /G(1) phase of cell cycle and affecting the protein and mRNA expressions of cell cycle-related proteins, cyclin D1, etc.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Synergism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spleen ; drug effects ; pathology ; Thymus Gland ; drug effects ; pathology ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVETo analyze the changes of leptospirosis epidemic characteristics before and after the Phase 2 'reservoir store water project' in Chongqing section of the Three Gorges dam area and to provide prevention, control and intervention measures to prevent the spread of leptospirosis from infectious focus to the Three Gorges dam area and downstream region of Changjiang River.

METHODSChangshou district and Fengdu county were selected as surveillance sites. We monitored the source of infection through examining the serum antibody of patients, healthy groups together with farm cattle measured by micro agglutination test (MAT).

RESULTSporadic cases were reported before and after the storage of water in the reservoir. There was no significant difference found between mouse density before and after the Phase 2 reservoir project (chi2 = 1.00, P > 0.05). The main species of rat were Sewer rat before and Insectivorea after the storage of water. The germ-carrying rate of rats was 1.72% (10/583) and positive carrying rate of rats was 16.51% (18/109) when using PCR. Results showed a significant difference when comparing it to culture method (chi2 = 51.80, P < 0.01). Positive rate of leoptopirosis appeared in the serum of patients was 73.33% (33/45) with the major serum group as the Australia group. The rate of infection among the healthy group was 26.84% (233/868). There was significant difference seen between the serum antibody positive rate of epidemic prophase (23.85%) and epidemic anaphase (29.86%) of the healthy group (chi2 = 3.99, P < 0.05). The GMRT of ox serum antibody of leoptopirosis was 29.97 with Bailen group as the predominant microbial population.

CONCLUSIONThere was no epidemics of leptopirosis occurred in the Three Gorges dam area. There was no significant difference between mouse density before and after the storage of water in the reservoir. However, the major species of rats had a change. The natural infection level of people living in the dam area was low, but there existed potential of leoptopirosis outbreak.

Animals ; China ; Humans ; Leptospira ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Leptospirosis ; epidemiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Population Surveillance ; Rats ; microbiology ; Rivers ; Water Supply