Objective To investigate the influence of hepatectomy combined with splenectomy on curative effect of primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients associated with hypersplenism.Methods Twenty three cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hypersplenism were analyzed retrospectively and divided into hepatectomy combined with splenectomy group (n=10) and hepatectomy combined with ligation of splenic artery (n=13). Peripheral blood samples were collected 1 week before operation and 3 monthes after operation respectively. The levels of CD4, CD8, CD16, CD4/CD8, WBC and PLT in the blood were detected. Survival rate between the two groups was compared. Results There were not significant differences in the expressional levels of CD4, CD8, CD16, CD4/CD8,WBC and PLT before operation, bleeding quantity during the operation and rate of severe complications after operation in the two groups. The expressional levels of CD4, CD16, CD4/CD8, WBC and PLT of hepatectomy combined with splenectomy group were much higher in 3 months after operation than those in 1 week before operation and in hepatectomy combined with ligation of splenic artery group (P

Objective To investigate the changes in the expression of GABAAα1, receptors in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods Nine male Wistar rats weighing 200-210 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 3 each): control group (group C) , sham operation group (group S) and neuropathic pain group (group P). Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constrictive injury. The right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 3-0 chromic catgut. In group S, the right sciatic nerve was exposed but not ligated. The thermal and mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before and 1,4,7, 10 and 14 d after operation. The animals were then sacrificed and the mPFC was removed. The expression of GABAAα1, receptors in mPFC was determined by Western blot. Results Compared with C and S groups, thermal and mechanical pain threshold were significantly decreased and the expression of GABAAα1, receptors was up-regulated in group P ( P ＜ 0.01) . There was no significant difference was in the thermal and mechanical pain threshold and expression of GABAAα1 receptors between C and S groups (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Up-regulation of GABAAα1 receptor expression in mPFC may be involved in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain in rats.

Objective To review our experience in correction of pectus excavatum.by Nuss procedure without thoracoscopic assistance.Methods 412 patients with pectus excavatum were surgically corrected using Nuss technique without thoracoscopic assistance.There were 329 boys and 83 girls with average age of 7 years and 8 months ( range from 2 years and 8 months to 28 yeats and 5 months).The bars were removed after surgery in 102 patients.Results The operation in all patients had been performed successfully without any severe complications The average time of the operation was 40 minutes.The average blood lose during operation was ( 10 ±2) ml.Conclusion Nuss procedure without thoracoscopic assistance is safety and effective.It could be minimize the trauma and shorter operating time.

Objectlve To discuss the characters and management of renal sinus tumors. Methods The clinical data of 3 tumors occurring in tenal sinus were reviewed.The first patient was a 33-year-old man with the chief complaint of lumbago in the right side for 6 months.B-ultrasound showed low echo in the right pelvis and CT scan showed that a mass measured about 3.5 cm in diameter in the right kidney collective system.Intravenous urography showed the upper collective system was tompressed.He was diagnosed for renal sinus tumor.The second case was a 34-year-old woman with the chief complaint of sudden lumbago in the right for 3 d.Color ultrasonography found hyperechoic in the right kidney.CT scan showed a mass measured 8 cm×6 cm × 8 cm in the right renal sinus,its CT value was about-70 HU.Intravenous urography showed the lower collective system was compressed.She was diagnosed for renal angiomyolipoma of right kidney.The third case was a 55+year-old woman with the chief complaint of lumbago for 1 year.B ultrasound showed hyperechoic in the leftrenal hilum.CT scan showed a nlass of 8 cm×5 cm×5 am in the left renal sinus with CT value of 50 HU.Intravenous urography showed the collective system of the left kidney was compressed.Mag-netic resonance imaging showed high signal on T1 WI and T2WI but low signal in fat suppression ima-ging.She was diagnosed for lipoma of the left renal sinus. Results All the 3 cases had undergone surgical approaches.The first case underwent surgical exploration of renal sinus tumor.Fast pathologic diagnosis was benign tumor,only the tumor was resected.Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of angioleiomyoma.There was no recurrence during follow-up of 3 years.The second case was scheduled for tumor enucleating,but nephrectomy was perform because of serious bleeding and damaged renal pelvis.Pathological report was angiomyolipoma.The third case was scheduled for lipoma enucleating but nephrectomy was performed because of tumor encapsulated renal pedicle vascular.Pathological report was lipoma.During the follow-up for 4 years there was no relapse. ConclusionsTumors occurred in renal sinus are rare, most of which are benign.CT scan, MRI and intravenous urography are the best imaging examination methods for differential diagnosis.Surgical operation is the major approach, while for the tumor radical nephrectomy less than 4 cm watchful waiting could be a choice.Tumor resection with nephron sparing is feasible while tumor is larger than 4 cm.Radical nephrectomy should performed for the malignant tumor.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Qianliean Pill (QP) on inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) model rats, and to explore its therapeutic mechanism.

METHODSCNP rat model was established by castration and estradiol benzoate injection. Totally 50 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the model group, the positive medicine group, the high dose QP group, the medium dose QP group, and the low dose QP group, 10 in each group. Besides, 10 normal rats were recruited as a normal control group. Since the 8th day of castration, Pulean Tablet (PT) at 10. 80 g/kg was administered to rats in the positive medicine group by gastrogavage. QP at 11.00, 5.50, and 2.75 g/kg was administered to rats in high, medium, and low dose QP groups by gastrogavage. Distilled water at 2 mL/100 g was administered to rats in the model group and the normal control group by gastrogavage, once daily for 30 successive days. After 30 days of medication all rats were sacrificed and their prostate tissues were extracted. The prostatic index was calculated. Pathological changes of rat prostate were observed under light microscope. Meanwhile, levels of IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the prostate index obviously decreased, levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in the prostate tissue significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the prostate index obviously decreased in high and medium dose QP groups, and the positive medicine group (P < 0.01); levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 obviously decreased in each QP group and the positive medicine group (P < 0.01). Compared with the positive medicine group, the TNF-α level decreased more obviously in the high dose QP group (P < 0.05). Compared with the normal control group, inflammatory reactions occurred obviously in rats' prostate of the model group. Compared with the model group, inflammatory reactions were milder in rats' prostate of each QP group and the positive medicine group, and their degrees were improved to some extent.

CONCLUSIONQP could treat CNP, which might be achieved by regulating local immune state of the prostate, relieving inflammatory reactions of the prostate, and lowering levels of IL-β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in the prostate tissue.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Male ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Rats ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo determine the dynamic expression of survivin gene in hepatocarcinogenesis of rats induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1).

METHODS78 Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Hepatocellular carcinoma was induced in the rats by aflatoxin B1. Liver and HCC tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSThe earliest hepatocellular carcinoma occurred at 46th week after AFB1 treatment. The HCC incidence was 54.9% (28/51) at 46th week and 64.9% (24/37) at 58th week. The positive rates of survivin protein expression in 24 HCC, para-cancerous liver tissues of experimental group were 41.7% and 54.2%, respectively, with no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). No survivin expression was detected in the experimental group before 46th week, neither in the rats without HCC occurrence nor the normal controls. The level of survivin mRNA expression in HCC at 58th week was significantly higher than that in pre-HCC, no-HCC and normal liver tissues in the control group (P < 0.01). The level of survivin mRNA expression in para-carcinoma tissues was also significantly higher than that in no-HCC and normal liver tissues of the control (P < 0.01). The level of survivin mRNA in pre-HCC at 12th, 20th, 36th, 46th weeks were significantly higher than those in normal liver tissues taken from control group during the same periods (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe over-expression of survivin gene is related to the occurrence of HCC and may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of HCC.

Aflatoxin B1 ; Animals ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Liver ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

This study evaluated the clinical effect of impaction bone graft and distal press-fit fixation for the reconstruction of severe femoral bone defect in revision total hip arthroplasty. A total of 234 patients (involving 236 hips) with Paprosky III and IV femoral bone defects were treated with the revision total hip arthroplasty from June 1998 to Aug. 2006. Impaction bone graft technique was used for 112 hips, with allogeneic freeze-dried bone as bone graft and SPII as prosthesis. With 124 hips, modular distal press-fit fixation and tapered femoral stem (MP stem) were employed. After the operation, the subjects were followed up on regular basis and results were assessed by using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Radiolucence, subsidence and loosening were observed and complications, including infection, fracture, dislocation etc. were recorded. A 6-14-year follow-up showed that prostheses failed, due to infection, in 4 patients of impaction bone graft group and that 6 patients in the press-fit fixation group experienced prosthesis failure, with the survival rates for the two techniques being 96.43% and 95.16%, respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that prosthesis survival was significantly associated with surgery-related complications (P<0.05) and was not related to the type of the bone defects (P>0.05). The rate of complications bore significant association with the type of bone defects in the two groups (P<0.05). Our study showed that the two revision methods could achieve satisfactory mid-term and long-term results for the reconstruction of severe bone defects. It is of great significance for attaining high prosthesis survival rate to select suitable operation on the basis of the type of bone defect. Careful operative manipulation and post-operative rehabilitation aimed at reducing complications are also important.

Aim The effect of tetrandrine on TGF-?1 mRNA expression in glomerulosclerosis rat was observed. Methods The rats were randomly divided into four groups, such as the normal control group (sham operative rat), glomerulosclerosis model group,tetrandrine group and amlodipine group. The expression of TGF-?1 mRNA was analyzed by Northern blot hybridization. Results The expressions of TGF-?1 mRNA in two treating groups were much lower than untreated model group. There were no difference between these two treating groups. Conclusion Tetrandrine can decrease the expression of TGF-?1 mRNA in glomerulosclerosis rat induced by unilateral renctomy plus adriamycin.

OBJECTIVETo synthesize and characterize paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded folate-conjugated chitosan (FA-CTS/PTX) nanoparticles and evaluate its cytotoxicity in vitro.

METHODSCTS/PTX and FA-CTS/PTX nanoparticles were prepared using reductive amidation and ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions (TPP). The particle size was determined by laser scattering and the morphology observed using transmission electron microscopy, and the PTX content in the nanoparticles was determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 227 nm. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles against HeLa cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the HeLa cells incubated with FA-chitosan nanoparticles in the presence or absence of folic acid in the culture medium.

RESULTSPTX loading did not cause adhesion of the FA-CTS nanoparticles, which presented with uniform spherical morphology with an average diameter of 282.8 nm. The loading and encapsulation efficiencies of FA-CTS/PTX were 9.0% and 75.4%, respectively. The FA-CTS nanoparticles showed a greater extent of intracellular uptake in the absence of folic acid, indicating that the cellular uptake of the nanoparticles occurred through endocytosis mediated by the folate receptors. The PTX-loaded FA-CTS nanoparticles exhibited potent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, an effect 2- to 3-fold stronger than that of PTX-loaded CTS nanoparticles.

CONCLUSIONFA-CTS can be a promising drug carrier with high efficiency in condensing drug, good tumor-targeting ability and low cytotoxicity.

Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; Folic Acid ; administration & dosage ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Nanoparticles ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of experimental varicocele on the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in rats.

METHODSThirty-two Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats were randomly divided into four groups: pseudo-operation group, 45 d experimental group, 60 d experimental group and 90 d experimental group. Experimental varicocele was created by partial ligation of left renal vein. The apoptosis number of spermatogenic cells was measured by flow cytometry.

RESULTSNo marked apoptosis peak was observed in the control group, but it was observed in all the other groups, and the height of the peak increased with the duration of experiment.

CONCLUSIONSVaricocele can induce apoptosis of large numbers of spermatogenic cells, and the decrease of spermatogenic cells. This may be the mechanism of varicocele causing male sterility.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Flow Cytometry ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Spermatocytes ; cytology ; Testis ; pathology ; Varicocele ; pathology