ObjectiveTo explore the relations between the alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and the type of cerebral palsy. MethodsThe ALP level of 40 children with different types of cerebral palsy were examined with the Olympus AU-600 apparatus. ResultsThe ALP value of the children with spastic cerebral palsy is normal. The ALP value of the children with athetoid cerebral palsy is higher than spastic cerebral palsy(P<0.001).Conclusions The ALP value can help us to identify the type of cerebral palsy.

GATA6 transcription factor belongs to the GATA family and contains 2 conserved zinc ifnger DNA binding domains. GATA6 not only presents in embryonic tissues but also found in heart, lung and pancreas and is essential for the maintenance of their function.The present review focuses on the critical roles of GATA6 in heart development and atrial septal defect to provide theoretical basis for diagnosis and treatment of atrial septal defect.

ObjectiveTo identify mutations ofGATA4 andGATA6 genes in children with isolated congenital atrial septal defect (ASD).Methods From November 2012 to November 2013, 101 patients with ASD (99 unrelated patients and one twin) who were submitted to catheter-based intervention and 100 ethnicity-matched children without congenital heart disease, blood disorders and chromosomal abnormalities were enrolled. The blood was collected. The coding regions and lfanking regions of theGATA4 andGATA6 genes were ampliifed by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced using the dideoxvnucleotide chain termination technique, and then compared with the normal sequence in the Genbank.Results Two novel heterozygous missense GATA6mutations, c. G145A and c. G151A, were identiifed in 2 unrelated ASD patients, which were not present in the controls. These two mutations predicted the conversion of glycine into serine at amino acid residue 49 (G49S) and glutamate into lysine at amino acid residue 52 (K52E). A heterozygous missenseGATA6 mutation c.43 G>C, which caused a conversion from glycine to arginine, was found in 9 ASD patients and 7 controls. A single nucleotide polymorphism c.99G>T, which did not cause amino acid conversion inGATA4 gene, was found.ConclusionsGATA6 gene is an important transcription factor in heart development. The mutation ofGATA6 gene may cause the change of its transcriptional activity, and lead to ASD.

Objective To prepare T-helper cell(Th)epitnpe-modified human soluble B cell activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family(BAFF)mutants and evaluate their immune response in vaccinated mice.Methods Recombinant cDNAs were cloned and ligated into the prokaryotie expression vec- tor pQE-80L respectively.The recombinant proteins were induced to express by IPTG in E.coli DH5?and purified with Ni-NTA chromatography.BALB/c mice were immunized with recombinant proteins respectively and the titres of the antibodies that were cross-reactive with BAFF in sera were analyzed by ELISA.Inhibiting ability of the antibodies in sera was analyzed by MTT assay.Results The recombinant proteins were highly expressed in E.coli DH5?.After purification,the purity of recombinant proteins was more than 90%.BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant proteins produced high levels of BAFF-specific antibodies.Cell proliferation assay showed that the sera of immunized mice could inhibit the proliferation-inducing activity of recombinant sBAFF and natural sBAFF.Conclusion The immune inhibitors of human BAFF which can induce polyclonal antibodies that are cross-reactive with BAFF are successfully prepared.These results may provide the basis for further study of their therapeutic effects.

OBJECTIVETo study the combined damage-effects of low-intensity 2,450 MHz microwave (MW) with three chemical mutagens on human lymphocyte DNA.

METHODSDNA damage of lymphocytes exposed to microwave and(or) with chemical mutagens were observed at different incubation time (0 h or 21 h) with comet assay in vitro. Three combination-exposure ways of MW with chemicals were used: MW irradiation before chemical exposures, simultaneously exposed to MW and chemicals and MW irradiation after chemical exposures. The three chemical mutagens were mitomycin C (MMC, DNA crosslinker), bleomycin (BLM, radiometric agent), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS, alkylating agent). The exposure time of MW and chemical mutagens were 2 h and 3 h respectively.

RESULTSThe differences of comet tail length between MW group and control group were not significant when lymphocytes were incubated for 0 h or 21 h (P > 0.05). However, when lymphocytes were incubated for 21 h with 30.00 micro mol/L of MMC, the comet tail lengths of MW + MMC group, MW-MMC group and MMC + MW group were (18.00 +/- 5.96), (21.79 +/- 11.47) and (22.32 +/- 8.10) micro m respectively; while with 3.00 micro mol/L of MMC, the comet tail lengths were (8.99 +/- 3.75), (12.40 +/- 5.35) and (14.00 +/- 5.38) micro m respectively, which were significantly higher than those of corresponding MMC groups [(9.42 +/- 3.34) and (6.50 +/- 2.89) micro m, P < 0.01 or P < 0.05]. The DNA damage of MW plus BLM groups and MW plus MMS groups were not significantly different from the corresponding BLM and MMS groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION2 450 MHz MW (5 mW/cm(2)) did not induce DNA damage directly, but could enhance the DNA damage effects induced by MMC. The synergistic effects of 2 450 MHz MW with BLM and MMS were not obvious.

Bleomycin ; pharmacology ; Comet Assay ; DNA ; drug effects ; genetics ; radiation effects ; DNA Damage ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Methyl Methanesulfonate ; pharmacology ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Mitomycin ; pharmacology ; Mutagens ; pharmacology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo obtain the optimized extraction technology of Paeonia suffruticosa by comparing several extraction method.

METHODExtract P. suffruticosa by ethanol circumfluence, distillation-decoction, CO2-SFE and traditional decoction, and analyse the results according to the total extraction rate, extraction rate of paeono, extraction of other ingredients and production feasibility.

RESULTTotal extraction rates of which are 12.66%, 13.51%, 7.28%, 7.56% respectively; extraction rates of paeonol are 2.45%, 2.26%, 0.31%, 1.15% in turn; Phenolic glycosides can be extracted by ethanol circumfluence, distillation-decoction, traditional decoction, but not by CO2-SFE.

CONCLUSIONDistillation-decoction is the most proper extraction technology of P. suffuticosa at present.

Acetophenones ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; classification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

This paper introduced an experimental study of the preparation of polylacticacid (PLA) nanoparticles of cucurbitacin (CuC) using a precipitation method. The residual acetone, ratio of CuC PLA precipitates, and the relationships between the ratios of two precipitates and drug incorporation rates were measured. It appeared that the nanoparticles with 60% of PLA incorporated with 5.5% of CuC were formed when acetone was injected into the aqueous phase. As the acetone gradually evaporated, drug incorporation/encapsulation continued, with most of CuC (about 70%) formed new crystalline cores and suspended in the form of microcrystals in the medium, resulting a suspension containing both nanoparticles and microcrystals. We also concluded that this system may not necessarily be suitable for all lipophilic drugs to be prepared to PLA nanoparticles with good incorporation rate. The drug incorporation depended on the interactions among drug, PLA, and organic solvents, in addition to the solubility of the drug.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; Chemical Precipitation ; Cucurbitaceae ; chemistry ; Cucurbitacins ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Lactic Acid ; Microspheres ; Nanotechnology ; Particle Size ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; Triterpenes ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification

In order to investigate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograpy (ERCP) in liver cirrhosis patients with common bile duct stones, we retrospectively analyzed data of 46 common bile duct stones patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent ERCP between 2000 and 2008. There were 12 cases of Child-Pugh A, 26 cases of Child-Pugh B, and 8 cases of Child-Pugh C. 100 common bile duct stones patients without liver cirrhosis were randomly selected. All the patients were subjected to ERCP for biliary stones extraction. The rates of bile duct clearance and complications were compared between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients. The success rate of selective biliary cannulation was 95.6% in liver cirrhotic patients versus 97% in non-cirrhotic patients (P>0.05). The bile duct clearance rate was 87% in cirrhotic patients versus 96% in non-cirrhotic patients, but the difference was not statistically significant. Two liver cirrhotic patients (4.35%, 2/46) who were scored Child-Pugh C had hematemesis and melena 24 h after ERCP. The hemorrhage rate after ERCP in non-cirrhotic patients was 3%. The hemorrhage rate associated with ERCP in Child-Pugh C patients was significantly higher (25%, 2/8) than that (3%, 3/100) in non-cirrhotic patients (P<0.01%). There was no significant difference between these two groups in the rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and cholangitis. ERCP is safe and effective for Child-Pugh A and B cirrhotic patients with common bile duct stones. Hemorrhage risk in ERCP is higher in Child-Pugh C patients.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of methyl testos-terone combined with mifepristone on hormone and perimenopausal func-tional uterine bleeding ( FUB).Methods Fifty-six patients with FUB received methyl testosterone 5 mg qd for 90 days and mifepristone 25 mg qd for 105 days.The endometrial thickness and hormonal were measured before and after the treatment.The data of menstruation were recorded in two-year follow -up.Results The endometrial thickness was signifi-cantly decreased after the treatment ( P <0.05 ) and the serum estrogen and progesterone were much lower after treatment than that of before treatment(P<0.05).During the period of treatment , all of the fifty -six patients occurred amenorrhea , 9 case with normal menstruation , 14 cases of menstrual scarce and 33 cases of menopause after treatment.With 2 -year follow -up, eight patients had abdominal pain again , irregular vaginal bleeding and other symptoms , and the recurrence rate was 14.3%.Conclusion Methyl testosterone combined with mifepris-tone in the treatment of FUB can significantly reduce the thickness of the endometrium with satisfactory clinical efficacy and mild adverse reactions .

Objective To evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1(sflt-1) expression in patients with recurrence spontaneous abortion ( RSA ) . Methods Thirty -eight patients with RSA were included as experiment group.And 40 subjects of artificial abortion at the same period were recruited as the control group.The VEGF and sflt-1 expression level were arrayed in the serum and chorionic villi in the two groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemis-try assay. Results The serum level of VEGF and sflt -1 were (2248.8 ±1456.8),(11656.8 ±2421.6)ng? L-1 in experiment group, much higher than ( 945.8 ±601.2 ) , ( 3012.5 ±1891.2 ) ng? L-1 in control group with statistical difference ( P<0.05 ) .The positive rate of VEGF were ( 73.7% vs 45.0%) and sflt -1 ( 94.7% vs 70.0%) in experiment group and control group, which in experiment group was much higher than that in control group ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion The abnormal expression of VEGF and sflt -1 may be associated with the occurrence of RSA.