Acute Disease ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; GATA3 Transcription Factor ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; Interleukin-4 ; genetics ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; blood ; genetics ; immunology ; RNA, Messenger ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; T-Box Domain Proteins ; genetics ; Th1 Cells ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; immunology

Objective To compare distribution and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus(MRSA)in hospitalized children,and provide refer-ence for empirical use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Isolation and clinical data of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)from hospitalized children in a hospital during 2011-2015 were analyzed retrospectively,distribution and antimicrobial resistance between MSSA and MRSA were compared.Results A total of 919 strains of S.aureus were isolated,632(68.77% )of which were MSSA,287(31.23%)were MRSA.65.03% of MSSA infection and 64.11% of MRSA infection were in children aged 29 day-1 year old.80.38% of MSSA and 79.09% of MRSA were isolated from sputum specimen.MSSA and MRSA were mainly distributed in department of pediatric respiratory medicine(50.73%,45.89% respectively)and department of pediatric neurology(22.98%,26.84% respectively). Resistance rates of MSSA to antimicrobial agents were<20.00% except penicillin and erythromycin;resistance rates of MRSA to penicillin,oxacillin,erythromycin,and clindamycin were all>40.00%;resistance rates of MR-SA to tetracycline,erythromycin,clindamycin,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,moxifloxacin,nitrofurantoin,and ri-fampin were all higher than MSSA.Conclusion MSSA is main S.aureus isolated from hospitalized children,in-fants under 1 year of age are the main population,the main distribution departments of MSSA and MRSA from re-spiratory tract specimen are similar,antimicrobial resistance of MRSA is generally higher than that of MSSA.

Guanylate binding protein-1(GBP-1) is an interferon-induced protein. To observe its antiviral effect against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3), we constructed an eukaryotic expression vector of human GBP-1(hGBP-1). Full-length encoding sequence of hGBP-1 was amplified by long chain RT-PCR and inserted into a pCR2.1 vector, then subcloned into a pCDNA3.1(-) vector. Recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids and pHBV1.3 carrying 1.3-fold genome of HBV were contransfected into HepG2 cells, and inhibition effect of hGBP-1 against HBV replication was observed. Hela cells transfected with recombinant hGBP-1 plasmids were challenged with CVB3, and viral yield in cultures were detected. The results indicated that recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid of hGBP-1 was constructed successfully and the hGBP-1 gene carried in this plasmid could be efficiently expressed in HepG2 cells and Hela cells. hGBP-1 inhibit CVB3 but not HBV replication in vitro. These results demonstrate that hGBP-1 mediates an antiviral effect against CVB3 but not HBV and perhaps plays an important role in the interferon-mediated antiviral response against CVB3.

To establish a replication cellular model of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and determine its application in antiviral drug evaluation,we constructed an expression plasmid which contained 1.3 copies of the HBV genome,and measured the level of viral replication after transient transfection in Huh7 cells.We then observed the effect of antiviral drug administration.1.3 fold of the HBV(ayw) gene fragment was cloned into pCR2.1 by PCR and restriction endonuclease digestion.The recombinant plasmid was trans ient transfected into Huh7 cells,HBsAg,HBeAg and HBV DNA in supernatant of Huh7 cells were measured by ELISA and real-time PCR respectively; intracellular HBV replicative intermediates and intracellular HBV transcripts were detected by Southern blot and Northern blot respectively.The antiviral effect of adefovir,a novel anti-HBV nucleotide analogue,was evaluated in this cellular model system.The results indicated that a recombinant plasmid of HBV replicon was constructed successfully; the HBV genome carried in plasmid pHBV1.3 could efficiently replicate and be expressed in Huh 7 cells,adefovir could inhibit HBV replication in this cellular model,and the inhibition was dosage-dependent.The conclusion is HBV replicon,which can initiate viral replication efficiently in hepatoma cells,may be a useful tool in the study of HBV replication and antiviral drug.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Da Vinci surgical system for the treatment of hepatopancreatobiliary diseases.Methods The clinical data of 29 patients with hepatopancreatobiliary diseases who had undergone operations with Da Vinci surgical system from March to November 2009 at the General Hospital of PLA were retrospectively analyzed.Results The operations were successfully done on 28 patients,except 1 patient was converted to open pancreaticoenterostomy.The total operation time was(339±149)minutes,and the time for operations done with Da Vinci surgical system was(285±117)minutes.The postoperative bowl movement recovery time was(33±21)hours,and the length of postoperative hospital stay was(8±6)days.No blood transfusion was needed.Three patients had postoperative complications and were cured by conservative treatment.Conclusion Laparoscopic operations for hepatopancreatobiliary diseases can be applied with the help of the threedimensional imaging system and flexible surgical instruments of the Da Vinci surgical system,and its superiority is more obvious when applied for intractable hepatopancreatobiliary diseases.

OBJECTIVEThis study examined the changes of serum levels of interleukin 12 ( IL-12), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFbeta 1) and immunoglobulin E ( IgE) in children with asthma as well as the correlation of IL-12 and TGFbeta 1 with IgE in order to investigate their roles in asthma.

METHODSSerum levels of IL-12 , TGFbeta 1 and IgE were detected using ELISA in 85 asthmatic children at the acute and the remission stages. Thirty healthy children served as control group.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, serum IL-12 and TGFbeta 1 levels were significantly lower and serum IgE levels were significantly higher in the asthmatic group through the acute to the remission stages. Serum IL-12 and TGFbeta 1 levels (40.42+/-15.26 ng/L and 65.41+/-22.38 pg/mL) significantly increased in the asthmatic group at the remission stage compared with those at the acute stage (28.42+/-10.73 ng/L and 40.25+/-11.73 pg/mL) (P<0.01), but remained lower levels than those in the control group (67.42+/-20.58 ng/L and 178.54+/-90.56 pg/mL) (P<0.01). The asthmatic patients at the remission stage showed significantly decreased serum IgE levels (145.67 +/-51.25 IU/mL) compared with those at the acute stage (280.35 +/-80.54 IU/mL) (P<0.01), but the IgE level in the remission stage was obviously higher than in the control group (53.61+/-13.32 IU/mL) (P<0.01). Serum IL-12 and TGFbeta 1 levels were negatively correlated with serum IgE level in asthmatic children.

CONCLUSIONSThere might be an imbalance in serum IL-12, TGFbeta 1 and IgE levels in asthmatic children. IL-12, TGFbeta 1 and IgE may play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. They may be useful in the diagnosis and severity evaluation of asthma.

Asthma ; etiology ; immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Interleukin-12 ; blood ; Male ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; blood

Objective To assess the feasibility,safety and advantages of robotic-assisted precise hepatectomy.Methods Between April and July 2009,13 consecutive patients underwent robotic-assisted hepatectomy for hepatic diseases.The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Results All 13 Da Vinci surgical systemassisted precise hepatectomies were successfully performed without conversion to laparotomy.Major hepatectomies were performed in 9 patients,left lateral segmentectomies in 4 patients.All the Da Vinci surgical system-assisted hepatectomies were performed anatomically with hilum dissection.Prior to the parenchymal transaction,vascular control of the portal vessels was carried out whenever possible.The mean operative time was 338 minutes(range,150-720 minutes).The mean blood loss was 208 ml(range,50-800 ml).No patient required blood transfusion,and no mortality,transient bile leakage was observed in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.The mean postoperative stay was 7 days(range,2-13 days).Conclusions These preliminary results show that Da Vinci surgical system-assisted precise hepatectomy is safe and feasible with potential benefits of a minimally invasive approach.Da Vinci surgical system may broaden the indications for laparoscopic hepatactomy,and it enables surgeons to perform precise laparoscopic hepatectomy which required hilum dissection,hepatocaval dissection,endoscopic suturing and microanastamosis.

Objective To investigate the influence of motor impersistence on functional recovery and prog- nosis of patients with left hemiplegia. Methods A total of 64 in-patients with left side hemiplegia who were able to understand the oral instructions were assigned into a motor impersistence group (n = 31 ) and a control group (n = 34) , respectively, according to the assessment with Scale of Motor Impersistence developed by Joynt. Both groups were comparable in terms of the basic clinical characteristic and motor function of patients except motor impersis- tence. The conventional rehabilitation training programs were adopted for all patients in this study. Brunnstrom func- tional category, Ueda Satoshi hemiplegic finger function assessment scale, upper limb function assessment scale, Berg balance scale, Functional ambulatory category, Modified Barthel Index were employed to evaluate the subjects before and after 1 and 2 months of treatment, with regard to the motor function of their upper limbs, walking ability, activities of daily living performance and balance ability. Results After 1 month of treatment, the patients in the M1 group were significantly improved with regard to the motor function of upper limbs, hand function, standing ba- lance and activity of daily living performance( P0.05 ) , while those in the control group were improved with all the parameters except the lower limb function. After 2 months of treatment, patients in both groups were all significantly improved ( P

Objective To investigate the potential effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue exendin-4 (Ex-4) on immune function of T lymphocytes via neuroendocrine modulation mechanism in mice following severe burns.Methods Male BALB/C mice were randomly (ramdam number) divided into thermal injury group (n =50) and sham-thermal group (n =30).The thermal injury model was made by exposing the back skin of 15％ total body surface area (TBSA) to 95 ℃ water for 7 seconds,while in sham-thermal model the mice were immersed in 37 ℃ water instead.The expression of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1 R) was determined in sorted CM + T cells from normal mice by immunofluorescence method.In ex vivo experiment,the mice were sacrificed at 24 h post-bum,then the mononuclear cells (MNC) from spleen were separated from both groups and cultured in RMPI 1640 with 10％ FCS (fetal calf serum) in presence of ConA (concanavalin A,5 μg/mL).Cells were pretreated with catecholamine receptor antagonist propranolol (prop) for 1 hour,followed by consecutive dose of Ex-4 for another 48 h.In in vivo experiment,prop (30 mg/kg) was i.p.injected 30 minutes before thermal injury,then Ex-4 (2.4 nmol/kg) was injected i.p.immediately after scalding.Mice were sacrificed at 6 h and 24 h after thermal injury,then the serum and the spleens were collected.Results GLP-1R was expressed on splenic CD4 + T cells from normal micc.Ex-4 exerted no marked effect on the functions of T cells in terms of proliferation and IL-2 secretion at all doses examined ex vivo,which was not affected by pretreatment with prop.In vivo,T cell functions were suppressed by Ex-4 in thermal mice (P ＜ 0.05),but was restored by pretreatment with prop.Regardless of ex vivo or in vivo,Ex-4 could induce T cells switched to Th2 response (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the Th2 switch by Ex-4 was greatly potentiated by prop intervention in thermal mice in vivo other than ex vivo.Norepinephrine level was increased and epinephrine was decreased by Ex-4 in thermal mice.Both norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were obviously enhanced by pretreatment with prop.Conclusions Ex-4 can inhibit the proliferation and IL-2 secretion of splenic T lymphocytes through the sympathetic nervous system,however,it might induce Th2 switch from Th cells by acting directly on GLP-1R.

Conjunctiva goblet cells are spread out within a stratified epithelium, and keep ocular surface homeostasis by secreting mucin.Previous research has shown conjunctiva goblet cells can secret mucin, remove debris and modulate ocular surface immune function.In this review, we will focus on biological characteristics of conjunctiva goblet cells and the effect of key factors SAM pointed domain Ets factor(SPDEF) on differentiation and function of conjunctiva goblet cells, and further understand relationship between goblet cells and eye health.