Objective IL-2,6 production by PBMNC (peripheral blood mononucleat cells) were ineaeured with an attempt to illustrate the immune function of children with bronchopneumonia.Methods The biological activities of IL-2,6 were measured by CTLL and CESS cell lines respectively In addition, mitogen-stimulated blastogenic transformation (MSBT) was also measured. The results were analysed statistically. Patients or Other Farticipants T enty-eight cases of children with bronshopneumonia, male, 16,female: 12. Age: 8 months to 7 years, average 3. 9 years. 15 normol controls, male: 8, female 7.Age: 2 to 6 years, average 3 .5 years.Interventions 5～6ml of venous blood was obtaincd, followed PBMNC were centrifugalized by. FicollHypaque. Wash three:times with RPMI-1640 medium. Resuspend cell at 5 ?106/ml. Add 1% PHA and culture for 48h. Horvest supernatant and store at - 20℃.Measurement and Main Rcsults The levels of IL-2 in children with bronchopneumonia and normal children were (CPM) 9 538 + 3 363, 16 152 ? 3 411 (t test, P

Objective To observe the month age distribution of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression in rat kedney. Methods Wistar rats aged 3 months,12 months and 24 months were made as models who represented young, middle-aged and old group respectively. Western blotting, immunohistochemical (IHC) and in-situ hybridization (ISH) were used to detect the expression and location of protein and mRNA of PPARγ in rat kidney. Results Western blotting results showed that the expression of PPARγ protein was higher in 3 months group than in 24 months group (0.94±0.05 vs. 0.78±0.02, P＜0.01) and 12 months group (0.87±0.04, P＞0.05), and it reduced in 24 months group than in 12 months group (P＞0.05). By IHC,the PPARγ protein was localized predominantly in the nuclear of tubular epithelia and collecting duct cells in each group. In old age group, PPARγ protein was also detected little in the mesangial and Bowman's capsule epithelial cells. Meanwhile, the distribution of PPARγ mRNA with ISH was consistent with above findings. Additional, semi-quantitative analysis of ISH results verified that the level of PPARγ mRNA decreased with ageing. Conclusions As a nuclear transcription factor,PPARγ participates in the regulation of rat kidney aging.

Objective To find out the situation of Kashin-Beck disease and it's dynamic changes in Yan'an city, and provide basis for decision-making on prevention and control of the disease. Methods In accordance with the national monitoring program on Kaschin-Beck disease, 21 villages were selected from 6counties in Yan'an, clinical and X-ray inspection of 7 to 13 year-old children were made according to historical illness information from 2006 to 2008. Clinical monitoring on Kashin-Beck disease was made in 2008 for people over 16 years old from 5 villages in 5 counties. Results One thousand and one hundred eighty children were found positive with the illness from 2006 to 2008, with 7 cases of grade Ⅰ , the detection rate was 0.59%(7/1180).One thousand and one hundred sixty-two people were taken X-ray photo on right hand, with no positive case found.In 2008, 1444 adults were taken clinical examination, the detection of grade Ⅰ and over were 160 cases, the detection rate was 11.08%(160/1444), mainly in the age of 36 years[93.75%(150/160)]. Conclusion KashinBeck disease in Yan'an city is in stable condition, but surveillance and preventing measures are stilled needed.

Platinum-based anticancer drugs have been becoming one of the most effective drugs for clinical treatment of malignant tumors for its unique mechanism of action and broad range of anticancer spectrum. But, there are still several problems such as side effects, drug resistance/cross resistance and no-specific targeting, becoming obstacles to restrict its expanding of clinical application. In recent years, supramolecular chemistry drug delivery systems have been gradually concerned for their favorable safety and low toxicity. Supramolecular macrocycles-platinum complexes increased the water solubility, stability and safety of traditional platinum drugs, and have become hot focus of developing novel platinum-based anticancer drugs because of its potential targeting of tumor tissues/organs. This article concentrates in the research progress of the new drug delivery system between platinum-based anticancer drugs with three generations of macrocycles: crown ether, cyclodextrin, cucurbituril and calixarene.

AIM: To compare the safety and efficacy of conjunctival autograft transplant ( CAT ) and limbal - conjunctival autograft transplant (LCAT) for primary pterygium.
METHODS: In this prospective, randomized and controlled clinical study, 120 patients ( 120 eyes ) diagnosed with primary pterygium were collected in NO. 474 Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 2014 to January 2015. The 120 patients enrolled in the study in turn, and divided into two group by the odd and even number. The odd number underwent CAT and the even number underwent LCAT.
RESULTS:One hundred and seven patients (107 eyes) completed the follow-up of 1a, including 54 patients (54 eyes) from the CAT group and 53 patients (53 eyes) from the LCAT group. Four patients (4 eyes, recurrence rate 7. 4%) in the CAT group and 2 patients ( 2 eyes, recurrence rate 3. 8%) in the LCAT group developed recurrence. However, there were no significant in recurrence rate between CAT group and LCAT group (P =0. 678).
CONCLUSION: CAT and LCAT might be both effective treatment for primary pterygium for reducing the recurrence rate of pterygium. However, LCAT is the optimal surgical method for primary pterygium.

Platinum-based anticancer drugs have been becoming one of the most effective drugs for clinical treatment of malignant tumors for its unique mechanism of action and broad range of anticancer spectrum. But, there are still several problems such as side effects, drug resistance/cross resistance and no-specific targeting, becoming obstacles to restrict its expanding of clinical application. In recent years, supramolecular chemistry drug delivery systems have been gradually concerned for their favorable safety and low toxicity. Supramolecular macrocycles-platinum complexes increased the water solubility, stability and safety of traditional platinum drugs, and have become hot focus of developing novel platinum-based anticancer drugs because of its potential targeting of tumor tissues/organs. This article concentrates in the research progress of the new drug delivery system between platinum-based anticancer drugs with three generations of macrocycles: crown ether, cyclodextrin, cucurbituril and calixarene.
Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Calixarenes ; Crown Compounds ; Cyclodextrins ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Macrocyclic Compounds ; pharmacology ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Platinum Compounds ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the early diagnosis of primary duodenal carcinoma and its outcome after surgical procedure.

METHODSTwenty-two patients with primary duodenal carcinoma treated operatively between 1983 and 1997 were analyzed retrospectively. Eleven patients complained of epigastric pain and discomfort, 5 jaundice, 4 nausea and vomiting and 2 epigastric fullness. The correct diagnosis rate for endoscopy was 90.0% (9/10), for duodenography 86.7% (13/15), for ultrasound examination 33.3% (4/12) and for computerized tomography (CT) scanning 58.3% (7/12), respectively. All of the 22 patients received surgery including pancreaticoduodenectomy (12 patients), segmental resection (4) and bypass operation (gastrojejunostomy and cholecystojejunostomy or cholangiojejunostomy) (6).

RESULTSPrimary duodenal carcinoma was characterized nonspecifically, and the correct diagnosis was based on endoscopy and duodenography. The follow-up rate of this group was 86.4% (19/22). The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates of patients receiving radical resection (n = 16, 1 patient lost follow-up) were 86.7% (13/15), 46.7% (7/15), and 26.7% (4/15), respectively. The 5-year survival rate of patients receiving pancreaticoduodenectomy was 27.3% (3/11), and the 5-year survival rate of patients having segmental resection was 1/4. No patient (n = 6, 2 lost follow-up) with primary duodenal carcinoma treated by bypass procedure survived more than one year. There was a significant difference between patients receiving radical procedure and bypass operation (chi(2) = 6.84, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONRadical resection might improve the survival of patients with primary duodenal carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Duodenal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; mortality ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

Objective To study the prevention effects of AduoLa Fuzhenglin(ADL)Oll the brain injury induced by microwave radiation in rats.Methods A total of 140 male Wismr rats were divided randomly into 5 groups,including control group,microwave exposed group,low dosage(0.75 g·kg-1·d-1)group.middle dosage(1.5 g·kg-1·d-1)group and high dosage(3 g·kg-1·d-1)group.Rats in three ADL groups were lavaged with ADL per day for 2 weeks before radiation.After administration,rats were exposed to microwave at 30 mW/cm2 for 15 min.The abilities of learning and memory were detected by Morris water maze,and the contents of amino acids neurotransmitter of hippocampus were detected by HPLC, then the histology and uhrastrncture of hippocampus were observed with light and electron microscope at 6 h,7 and 14 d after exposure.Results The abilities of learning and memory were declined(F=0.000-0.043,P<0.05)from 6 h to 7 d after exposure,and the contents of four kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter in hippocampus were decreased,of which GLU,GLY and GABA were decreased significantly(F=0.000-0.007,P<0.01)at 6h after exposure,then tissue edema,neuronal degeneration,neuron mitoehondria swelling and cavitation,endocytoplasmie rotieulum broaden,synaptic cleft blurred,and perivascular space widen were found in the hippocampus at 6 h and 7 d after exposure.The changes in low dosage group were similar to those of the radiation group.However,in middle and high dosage groups,the abilities of learning and memory were normal to some extent with the significant differences compared to the radiation group from 6 h to 7 d after exposure(F=0.015-0.028.P<0.05).The contents of four kinds of amino acid neurotransmitter were not decreased,especially GLU contents close tO normal level.There were significant differences between middle and high dosage groups and radiation group at 6 h after exposure(F=0.000-0.042,P<0.05).Moreover,no obvious injury in the hippocampus was observed in middle and high dosage groups at 6 h and 7 d after exposure.Conclusions Exposure to 30 mW/cm2 microwave radiation could decrease the abilities of learning and memory,induce amino acid neurotransmitter turbulence,and injure the histology and uhrastructure of hippocampus.ADL at the dosages of 1.5 and 3 g·kg-1·d-1 would have preventive effects on the injury induced by microwave exposure.The concentration of 1.5 g·kg-1 ·d-1 of ADL might be the effective dosage to prevent the brain damage after microwave exposure.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of recombinant human interleukin(rhIL-11) and curcumin on jejunal damage in mice after neutron irradiation.Methods 140 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:20 mice in healthy control group,60 mice in mere irradiation group,30 mice in IL-11 treatment group and 30 mice in curcumin treatment group.The mere irradiation group mice were wholly exposed to 3 Gy neutron irradiation.The treatment groups mice were intraperitoneally enterocoelia once a day for 5 d after irradiation.The mortality of the mice were observed.The mice in the control and mere irradiation groups were killed 6 h,1,3,and 6 d post-irradiation,respectively,and the mice of the 2 treatment groups were killed 3 and 6 d post-irradiation,respectively and the samples of jujunum were colleted.HE staining,argyrophilic of nucleaolar organizer regions staining,Feulgen staining,and image analysis were used to observe the pathology and levels of argyrophilic proteins and DNA.Results The mice in the mere irradiation group all died at 5 d post-irradiation,while 2 mice in the IL-11 treatment group and 3 in the curcumin group survived.Large area necrosis and exfoliation were found in the intestinal epithelial mucosa of the mere irradiated group mice since 6 h to 3 d after irradiation.Crypt cell regeneration was seen occasionally found 3 days later and much more 5 days later.Crypt cell regeneration was obviously found in the intestinal epithelial mucosa and lots of new villi were observed 5 d after irradiation in both treatment groups,however,the amounts of crypt cells and new villi of the curcumin treatment group were less than those of the IL-11 treatment group.The contents of AgNOR and DNA in the intestinal epithelial cells 5 days after irradiation of the 2 treatment groups were all significantly higher than those of the mere irradiation group (F = 0.015-0.035,all P ＜ 0.05) but without significant differences between them.Conclusions Jejunal damage in mice could be induced after 3 Gy neutron irradiation.rhIL-11 and curcumin might reduce the damage and promote the regeneration and repair of the intestinal epithelium.

Objective To investigate the expression of JAM-1 after microwave irradiation and its correlation with blood-brain barrier integrity. Methods A total of 160 male Wistar rats were divided into a sham radiation group and a radiation group. The radiation group was subdivided into three sub-groups treated with micrewaves at average power densities of 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2. Rats in each group were sacrificed and their brain tissue sampled at 6 hours and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the irradiation. Evans blue ( EB ) dye, laser confocal microscopy,Western blotting, RT-PCR and image analysis were used to test the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and the expression of JAM-1 in protein and at the gene level in the rats' hippocampus and cortex. Results There was an increase of EB in the hippocampus 3 to 14 days after 10 and 100 mW/cm2 microwave irradiation. The EB level increased progressively in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups within 7 d after irradiation but recovered by the 14th day. It also increased progressively in the 100 mW/cm2 group within 14 d after irradiation. In the hippocampus, EB was observed only in the lumens of the blood vessels in the sham group, but EB had diffused out of the blood vessels in the irradiated groups by the 3rd day after irradiation. After 10 or 30 mW/cm2 microwave irradiation, JAM-1 protein in the hippocampus and cortex decreased significantly within 7 d after irradiation but recovered by the 14th day. It decreased progressively in the 100 mW/cm2 group within 14 d after irradiation. The expression of JAM-1 mRNA in the hippocampus decreased significantly at 6 h after irradiation at all power levels, but it recovered within 7 days in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups. Conclusions Microwave radiation can decrease the expression of JAM-1 in the hippocampus and cortex. The degree of decrease is positively correlated with the microwave radiation power. The change might involve increasing the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.