Objective To detect systematic oxidative stress in preeclampsia.Methods (1)Morphological features of placenta hypoxia were observed by histological method ; (2) Level of granulocyte intracellular reactive oxygen species was monitored by dyeing full blood with 2' ,7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) ; (3) Level of H_2O_2 in sera was detected by special kits.Results Compared to normal pregnancy,placentas from preeclampsia showed distinct features of hypoxic stress injury,such as more syncytial knots formation,fibrosis emerged,vein in-jury and loss its normal configuration; Fluorescence values of ROS probe in neutrophils from different women were 45.61±12.20(n =49),51.02 ± 13.60(n =56,P <0.01)and 85.10 ± 16.30(n =47,P <0.01); Concentra-tions of H_2O_2were (24.57±5.17)μmol/L(n =49),(26.61±3.25)μmol/L(n =56,P 0.01) and (39.84±9.67)μmol/L(n=47,P<0.01) respectively.Conclusion With the help of histological method,flow cytometry and special kits,systematic oxidative stress can be detected through checking placentic tissues,netrophils and sera of preeclampsia.

Objective To evaluate the current situation of two-way referral system by qualitative study.Methods The qualitative study was carried out in Department of General Internal Medicine of Peking Union Hospital and 4 clinics under Beijing Gaobeidian Community Health Center from June to December 2009.In-depth interview was conducted on 6 patients,who were referring from community health center to tertiary hospital and 16 general practitioners in the community.The method of thematic framework was used for data analysis.Results Only 1 of the 6 patients,who made the appointment,completed the two-way referral.From the view of the patients,the interrupt of the two-way referral was due to long-time waiting,inconvenient transportation to the hospital,availability of specialists,unsmooth process of referral and unsatisfied doctors.However,the community health service staff thought that difficulties of the two-way referral originated from the system,doctors,patients,and doctor-patient relationship.Sometimes patients distrusted doctors both in hospital and in community; communications between doctors or between doctors and patients were less efficient; patients had multiple choice for their primary care and they may go to any hospital freely bypass community-based referral system; patients had excessive expectation for medicine and doctors; some patients paid less attention to their own health,and so on.For improvement of the two-way referral system,the community health service staff proposed concrete measures in terms of relevant policy,the hospital,community health service,the doctors and patients; they emphasized the importance of upgrading their own communication ability and professional skills for primary care.Conclusions Many factors may influence successful implement of two-way referral,so it is necessary to improve the relevant policy and procedures and to upgrade medical staff in community.

Animals ; Carps ; genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Fish Proteins ; genetics ; Hydroxylation ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; genetics ; Lakes

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and localization of nuclear transcription factor Sp1 in macrophages after stimulated by silicon dioxide in vivo and in vitro.

METHODSForty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group and the silica exposure group, 20 in each group. The rat silicosis models were established by direct tracheal instillation of silica into rat lung (0.2 g/kg) only once while the control group was instilled with equal amount of saline. Animals were killed at 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after instillation. Dynamic changes of Sp1 protein expression and its cellular localization were detected by immunohistochemistry in pulmonary macrophages. In vitro, Sp1 mRNA and protein expression and their dynamic changes were monitored by RT-PCR and western blotting after stimulated by silicon dioxide in cultured RAW264.7 macrophages respectively. Cellular localization of Sp1 protein was characterized by immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSCompared to the control group, the Sp1 protein expression was increased in pulmonary macrophages and reached the peak at the 14th day in the silica exposure group. In vitro, the Sp1 mRNA level began to rise at 30 minutes after the administration of silicon dioxide and reached the peak at 240 minutes and then decreased to the minimal level at 960 minutes. The Sp1 total protein and nuclear protein also exhibited the similar trend. The former reached the peak at 240 minutes and the latter at 480 minutes. The significant nuclear translocation of Sp1 protein was observed at 120 minutes after the administration of silicon dioxide and became most significant at 480 minutes.

CONCLUSIONSilicon dioxide can activate nuclear transcription factor Sp1 in macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Sp1 might play an important pathogenic role in the development of silicosis.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Immunohistochemistry ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Silicon Dioxide ; pharmacology ; Sp1 Transcription Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo establish systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) -like murine model by immunizing BALB/C mice with Sm mimotope.

METHODSSm mimotope was identified by screening a 12-mer random peptide library with monoclonal anti-Smith antibody. Sm mimotope was initially defined with sandwich ELISA, DNA sequencing, and deduced amino acid sequence; and BALB/C mice were subcutaneously injected with mixture phages clones. Sera Sm antibody, anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody, and antinuclear antibody (ANA) of mice were detected using direct immunofluorescence; kidney histological changes were examined by HE staining.

RESULTSFive randomly selected peptides were sequenced and the amino acid sequences IR, SQ, and PP were detected in a higher frequency. High-titer IgG autoantibodies of dsDNA, Sm, and ANA in the sera of experiment group were detected by ELISA 28 days after having been immunized by Sm mimotope. Proteinuria was detected 33 days later; immune complex and nephritis were observed in kidney specimens.

CONCLUSIONSLE-like murine model can be successfully induced by Sm phage mimotope.

Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; blood ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epitopes ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Mimicry ; Oligopeptides ; immunology ; Peptide Library

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of amantadine monotherapy and concomitant amantadine with salvia miltiorrhiza compound or selegiline of the treatment of Parkinson's disease.Methods The clinical trial was performed in the multicenter, open label study. Amantadine group: 35 cases, amantadine plus salvia miltiorrhiza compound group: 34 cases and amantadine plus selegiline group: 29 cases. The clinical efficacy had been assessed with modified Webster scale (WR) and motor dysfunction rating scale for Parkinson's disease (MDRSPD) with interval of two months for one year. The safety data included blood glucose, hepatic and renal function tests, blood and urine routine tests.Results The clinical improved rates were 42.9% (WR) and 37.1% (MDRSPD) in amantadine group, respectively. The clinical score was improved in 34.2% (WR) and 26.5% (MDRSPD) in amantadine plus salvia miltiorrhiza compound group, respectively. The clinical improvement was 51.1% (WR)and 48.3% (MDRSPD) in amantadine plus selegiline group, respectively. There were no significant differences among these three groups (t-test,P>0.05). The clinical marked efficacy rates in assessment of MDRSPD were 2.8% in amantadine group, 11.8% in amantadine plus salvia miltiorrhiza compound group and 27.6% in amantadine plus selegiline group, respectively. There was significant difference between amantadine group and amantadine plus selegiline group, but no significant difference between amantadine group and amantadine plus salvia miltiorrhiza compound group. The adverse event rates were 27.8% in amantadine group, 8.8% in amantadine plus salvia miltiorrhiza compound group and 31.0% in amantadine plus selegiline group, respectively. All these events were mild, of short duration and resolved without treatment. Conclusion There was some efficacy rate in all three groups. Comparing with amantadine group, there was higher marked efficacy rate in amantadine plus selegiline group.

Wearable devices are used in the new design of the maternal health care system to detect electrocardiogram and oxygen saturation signal while smart terminals are used to achieve assessments and input maternal clinical information. All the results combined with biochemical analysis from hospital are uploaded to cloud server by mobile Internet. Machine learning algorithms are used for data mining of all information of subjects. This system can achieve the assessment and care of maternal physical health as well as mental health. Moreover, the system can send the results and health guidance to smart terminals.
Algorithms ; Clothing ; Electrocardiography ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Machine Learning ; Maternal Health ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Telemedicine ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of SiO(2) on the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in human lung fibroblasts in vitro and vivo.

METHODSThe experimental group comprised 32 rats while 32 rats were included in the control. In vivo, the expression of alpha-SMA in lung tissues of rats exposed to SiO(2), the supernate of RAW264.7 cells, SiO(2) and the growth factor beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) were investigated, respectively.

RESULTS(1) alpha-SMA positive myofibroblasts appeared in the lung tissues of the 28th day groups exposed to SiO(2). (2) The expression of alpha-SMA in HLF-02 cells was unregulated by TGF-beta(1) and supernate of RAW264.7 cells exposed to SiO(2). (3) The expression of alpha-SMA in HLF-02 cells was not induced by SiO(2).

CONCLUSIONMyofibroblasts related to silicosis, and the appearance of myofibroblasts (in vitro) are independent on direct stimulation by SiO(2), but related to the mediator (TGF-beta(1)) secreted by SiO(2) stimulated macrophages.

Actins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lung ; cytology ; metabolism ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Silicon Dioxide ; pharmacology ; Silicosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; pharmacology

BACKGROUNDC-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway plays a critical role in cerebral ischemia. Although the mechanistic basis for this activation of JNK1/2 is uncertain, oxidative stress may play a role. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the activation of JNK1/2 is associated with the production of endogenous nitric oxide (NO).

METHODSIschemia and reperfusion (I/R) was induced by cerebral four-vessel occlusion. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 6 groups: sham group, I/R group, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor (7-nitroindazole, 7-NI) given group, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor (2-amino-5,6-dihydro-methylthiazine, AMT) given group, sodium chloride control group, and 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control group. The levels of protein expression and phospho-JNK1/2 were detected by Western blotting and the survival hippocampus neurons in CA1 zone were observed by cresyl violet staining.

RESULTSThe study illustrated two peaks of JNK1/2 activation occurred at 30 minutes and 3 days during reperfusion. 7-NI inhibited JNK1/2 activation during the early reperfusion, whereas AMT preferably attenuated JNK1/2 activation during the later reperfusion. Administration of 7-NI and AMT can decrease I/R-induced neuronal loss in hippocampal CA1 region.

CONCLUSIONJNK1/2 activation is associated with endogenous NO in response to ischemic insult.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Brain Ischemia ; enzymology ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; metabolism ; Indazoles ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 ; metabolism ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Phosphorylation ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the regular pattern of the distribution of skin epidermal stem cells (ESCs) in the different parts of a healthy human body, and to evaluate the feasibility of the identification of ESCs by P63 and CD29 with single and double labeling.

METHODSFull-thickness skin samples from 21 parts (including scalp, dorsum of foot, sole of foot, pubic region, and scrotum) of 5 healthy persons were harvested for the study. Immunohistochemistry method with biotin-streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase (SP) was employed with P63 and CD29 as the first antibody to carry out single and double labeling. The staining results were subjected to image analysis. The distribution of the ESCs in the skin from the above parts was observed and expressed as positive unit (PU) value.

RESULTSIt was found by P63 single labeling and P63 and CD29 double labeling that the PU value in the dorsum of foot was the lowest while that in the scalp was the highest among all the parts of a healthy body. It was also found by CD29 single labeling that the PU value in the dorsum of foot was the lowest [(11.9 +/- 1.5)%] while highest in the scalp [(29.1 +/- 5.0)%]. The PU value in the hairy region of a human body was evidently higher than that in the non-hairy region (P < 0.01), when examined by P63 and CD29 single and double labeling. But there was no difference in the PU values between the trunk and limbs by means of P63 and CD29 single and double labeling (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere are more ESCs in the skin from the scalp, mons pubis and scrotum than other parts of the body. Single P63 or CD29 labeling exhibits higher sensitivity but lower specificity in the identification of ESCs. While the double labeling method exhibits higher specificity but lower sensitivity. Above all, it seems that the double labeling may be a simple and effective method for the identification of ESCs.

Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Integrin beta1 ; Male ; Skin ; cytology ; Stem Cells