This erratum is being published to correct the co-authors errors.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the color stability, water sorption and cytotoxicity of thermoplastic acrylic resin for the non-metal clasp dentures to those of thermoplastic polyamide and conventional heat-polymerized denture base resins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three types of denture base resin, which are conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resin (Paladent 20), thermoplastic polyamide resin (Bio Tone), thermoplastic acrylic resin (Acrytone) were used as materials for this study. One hundred five specimens were fabricated. For the color stability test, specimens were immersed in the coffee and green tee for 1 and 8 weeks. Color change was measured by spectrometer. Water sorption was tested after 1 and 8 weeks immersion in the water. For the test of cytotoxicity, cell viability assay was measured and cell attachment was analyzed by FE-SEM. RESULTS: All types of denture base resin showed color changes after 1 and 8 weeks immersion. However, there was no significant difference between denture base resins. All specimens showed significant color changes in the coffee than green tee. In water sorption test, thermoplastic acrylic resin showed lower values than conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resin and thermoplastic polyamide resin. Three types of denture base showed low cytotoxicity in cell viability assay. Thermoplastic acrylic resin showed the similar cell attachment but more stable attachment than conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resin. CONCLUSION: Thermoplastic acrylic resin for the non-metal clasp denture showed acceptable color stability, water sorption and cytotoxicity. To verify the long stability in the mouth, additional in vitro studies are needed.
Cell Survival ; Coffee ; Denture Bases ; Dentures* ; Immersion ; Mouth ; Nylons ; Water*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate treatment results, toxicity and efficacy of hyperfractionated radiation therapy combined with paclitaxel for paraaortic node recurrence in cervix cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 1997 to March 1999, 12 patients with paraaortic node recurrence in cervix cancer who previously received radical or postoperative radiotherapy were treated with hyperfractionated radiation therapy combined with paclitaxel. Of these, 2 patients who irradiated less than 30 Gy were excluded, 10 patients were eligible for this study. Median age was 5 1 years. Initial FlGO stage was 1 stage IB1, 2 stage IIA, 7 stage IIB. For initial treatment, 7 patients received radical radiotherapy and 3 received postoperative radiotherapy. The paraaortic field encompassed the gross recur rent disease with superior margin at T 12, and inferior margin was between L5 and S 1 with gap for previously pelvic radiation field. The radiation field was initially anterior and posterior opposed field followed by both lateral field. The daily dose was 1.2 Gy, twice daily fractions, and total radiotherapy dose was between 50.4 and 60 Gy(median, 58.8 Gy). Concurrent chemotherapy was done with paclitaxel as a radiosensitizer. Dose range was from 20 mg/m to 30 mg/m (median, 25 mg/m'), and cycle of chemotherapy was from 3 to 6 (median, 4.5 cycle). Follow-up period ranged from 3 to 21 months. RESULTS: Interval between initial diagnosis and paraaortic node recurrence was range from 2 to 63 months (median, 8 months). The 1 year overall survival rate and median survival were 75% and 9.5 months, respectively. The 1 year disease free survival rate and median disease free survival were 30% and 3 7 months, respectively. At 1 month after treatment, 4 (40%) achieved a complete response and 6 (63%) experienced a partial response and all patients showed response above the partial response. There was distant metastasis in 6 patients and pelvic node recurrence in 2 patients after paraaortic node irradialion. There was 2 patients with grade 3 to 4 leukopenia and 8 patients with grade 1 to 2 nausea/ vom ting which was usually tolerable with antiemetic drug. There was no chronic complication in abdomen and pelvis during follow up period. CONCLUSION: Hyperfractionated radiation therapy combined with paclitaxel as a radiosensitizer showed high response rate and few complication rate in paraaortic node recurrence in cervix cancer. Therefore, present results suggest that hyperfractionated radiation therapy combined with paclitaxel chemotherapy can be used as optimal treatment modality in this patients.
Abdomen ; Cervix Uteri* ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paclitaxel* ; Pelvis ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence* ; Survival Rate ; Tolnaftate ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the post operative fasting period of neonates in the intensive care unit (ICU) after receiving open heart surgery in order to provide optimal nutrition support for these neonates. The variables included biochemical nutrition indexes (albumin, total lymphocyte count, total cholesterol) and patient outcomes (duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, hospital stay, infectious complication). METHODS: The participants were 124 neonates in ICU after receiving open heart surgery, and the design of this study was to investigate their post operative fasting period retrospectively to analyze the biochemical nutrition indexes and patient outcomes according to post operative fasting period. RESULTS: The results for 4 groups according to post operative fasting period showed that the group with less 48 hours of fasting had the best biochemical nutrition indexes and patient outcomes, followed by the 48-72 hour group, the 72-144 hour group, and the over 144 hour group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that for new born babies receiving open heart surgery, the period of fasting after the operation should be minimized and tube feeding should be started as soon as possible.
Enteral Nutrition ; Fasting ; Heart ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; Lymphocyte Count ; Nutrition Assessment ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Surgery ; Child Health

OBJECTIVES: Decreased pain sensitivity to the external stimuli was sought by measuring the pressure pain thresholds in patients with schizophrenia. In the case of the pain insensitivity(PI) being confirmed, the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and PI was to evaluated. METHODS: 21 schizophrenic and 23 healthy controls were enrolled. Pressure pain thresholds(PPT) were measured by pressure algometer on initial and recovered phase, and positive and negative symptoms by PANSS(Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale)(Stanley et al. 1991) were obtained in patient group. The confounding factor induced by antipsychotics to the PPT was controlled for. Comparisons of PPT between two groups, and correlations of PPT and psychiatric symptoms in patient group were tested. RESULTS: 1) Schizophrenic patients with active psychotic symptoms showed higher PPT compared to healthy controls. 2) When psychiatric symptoms were improved, PPT was decreased to the level of healthy controls. 3) Only the subscale of delusion in PANSS was closely correlated with PPT in patients with schizophrenia. 4) The dose of antipsychotics did not influence the PPT of the patient group. CONCLUSIONS: A part of patients with schizophrenia revealed they had higher pressure pain thresholds, which suggested PI in active symptom phase. However, PPT were restored almost to the level of normal controls when psychotic symptoms were improved. Thus, PI seemed to be a transient phenomenon rather than a persistent one. Changes of pain sensitivity to the external stimuli in schizophrenics would be associated with severity of delusion based upon reversible changes of brain function. Decreased attention due to delusion or lack of motivation seemed to be causal factors of PI. Clinicians should give attention to PI in schizophrenic patients to prevent physical illness and serious injuries in them.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Brain ; Delusions ; Humans ; Motivation ; Pain Threshold* ; Schizophrenia*

The incidence of severe hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has been increasing. However, clinicopathologic features of severe HAV infection that lead to liver transplantation (LT) have not been reported in Korea. We retrieved 16 LT cases with HAV infection during the last 3 years at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Fifteen cases progressed to hepatic encephalopathy. Thirteen cases survived with or without complications, and three patients died of sepsis. The explanted liver showed massive or zonal necrosis with moderate to severe cholestasis. The zonal distribution of necrosis was frequently associated with endothelialitis of portal and/or central veins. Degenerative changes of hepatocytes were various in degree and distribution. Viral inclusions were suspected in two cases. Although HAV infection is usually confirmed by serological tests, significant venulitis of central and/or portal veins and viral inclusions, which are rarely observed, can suggest an HAV infection as a cause of massive hepatic necrosis of unknown mechanism.
Cholestasis ; Fluconazole ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A ; Hepatitis A virus ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Liver ; Liver Transplantation ; Massive Hepatic Necrosis ; Necrosis ; Portal Vein ; Sepsis ; Serologic Tests ; Veins

Serum is free of cellular components. Because DNA is located in the nuclei or mitochondria of cells, serum could be assumed DNA free. Few previously published case reports to date have used serum for DNA typing. Here, we report on human genotyping via short tandem repeat (STR) analysis using serum as a sample, and discuss problems involved in the process.
DNA Fingerprinting* ; DNA* ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats* ; Mitochondria

OBJECTIVES: Utilizing social network analysis, this study aimed to analyze the main keywords in the literature regarding the health literacy of and the use of online health information by aged persons over 65. METHODS: Medical Subject Heading keywords were extracted from articles on the PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. For health literacy, 110 articles out of 361 were initially extracted. Seventy-one keywords out of 1,021 were finally selected after removing repeated keywords and applying pruning. Regarding the use of online health information, 19 articles out of 26 were selected. One hundred forty-four keywords were initially extracted. After removing the repeated keywords, 74 keywords were finally selected. RESULTS: Health literacy was found to be strongly connected with 'Health knowledge, attitudes, practices' and 'Patient education as topic.' 'Computer literacy' had strong connections with 'Internet' and 'Attitude towards computers.' 'Computer literacy' was connected to 'Health literacy,' and was studied according to the parameters 'Attitude towards health' and 'Patient education as topic.' The use of online health information was strongly connected with 'Health knowledge, attitudes, practices,' 'Consumer health information,' 'Patient education as topic,' etc. In the network, 'Computer literacy' was connected with 'Health education,' 'Patient satisfaction,' 'Self-efficacy,' 'Attitude to computer,' etc. CONCLUSIONS: Research on older citizens' health literacy and their use of online health information was conducted together with study of computer literacy, patient education, attitude towards health, health education, patient satisfaction, etc. In particular, self-efficacy was noted as an important keyword. Further research should be conducted to identify the effective outcomes of self-efficacy in the area of interest.
Computer Literacy ; Consumer Health Information ; Education ; Health Education ; Health Literacy* ; Humans ; Internet ; Medical Subject Headings ; National Library of Medicine (U.S.) ; Patient Education as Topic ; Patient Satisfaction

We assessed about growth hormone binding proteins (GHBP) activity which was measured eluted biotin GH fraction with alkaline phosphatase-streptavidine in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), short stature due to growth hormone deficiency (GHD), chronic renal failure, short stature due to nutritional deficiency. hypothyroidism and normal control groups using high pressure liquid chromatography protein pak 300 sw column. The following results are observed: 1) There were 3 types of growth hormone (GH) in serum: first GH binded with type I (minor) GHBP suggesting 200K dalton of molecular weight, second GH binded with type II (major) GHBP suggesting 60~70K dalton of molecular weight, and third GH were free form GH suggesting 20~25K dalton of molecular weight. 2) Type II (major) GHBP showed considerable individual variation in all ages. Neonates had the lowest levels of GHBP activity, but by the puberty the levels had increased & remained stable from adolescent to adult periods. 3) GHBP activity of children with IDDM at diagnosis was low value as compared to the same agenormal control group (p<0.05), and difference of GHBP activity among children with IDDM was related with height velocity (r=+0.92). Follow up GHBP activity during insulin therapy was reverse correlation with HbAlc. 4) GHBP activity of children with GHD at diagnosis was a slightly low compared to aged matched control and follow-up GHBP activity after 1 dose GH therapy showed increasing tendency (r=-0.68). 5) Otherwise, children with chronic renal failure, short stature due to nutritional deficiency, and hypothyroidism were assessed lower value than normal control group. Above results, GHBP activity had the lowest levels at neonatal period and then increasing tendency until puberty period and remained steady level until adult period. Regulation of GHBP may be closely related with metabolic control state by insulin, GH, nutritional status, and thyroid hormone..
Adolescent ; Adult ; Biotin ; Carrier Proteins ; Child ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth Hormone ; Humans* ; Hypothyroidism ; Infant, Newborn ; Insulin ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Malnutrition ; Molecular Weight ; Nutritional Status ; Puberty ; Thyroid Gland

Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is widely used in treatment of dentofacial deformities. But, many complications can occur including unfavorable fractures during osteotomy. To prevent these complications, it is necessary to understand comprehensively the anatomy of the mandiular ramus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphology of the madibular ramus in manibular prognathism patients by computed tomography comparing with normal control group. The study group consisted of 33 skeletal class III patients (20 males, 13 females) and the control group consisted of the 52 patients without dentofacial deformities (32 males, 20 females). The mean age of study group was 22.0-year old, and that of control group was 37.1-year. For the CT examination, following scan parameters was used: 1mm slice thickness, 0.5 second scan time, 120kV and 100mA/s. The axial scans of the head were made parallel to the mandibular occlusal plane. The anteroposterior length of the ramus, the distance from anterior border of the ramus to lingula, the relative distance from the anterior border of the ramus to lingula compared to the anteroposterior length of the ramus, the thickness of anterior and posterior cortical plate, the thickness of medial cortical plate of the ramus at lingula level, the thickness of cancellous bone of the ramus at lingula level were measured. The skeletal class III mandibular prognathism patients exhibited shorter anteroposterior length of the ramus, thicker anterior and posterior cortical plate, thinner mediolateral cancellous bone thickness. The lingula has a relative stable anteroposterior position in ramus in all groups. There was higher possibility of fusion of medial and lateral cortical plate at lingula level in the mandibular prognathism group. In conclusion, the mandibular prognathism patients have narrow rami with scanty cancellous bone, which means that careful preoperative examination including CT scan can prevent undesirable fractures during osteotomy.
Dental Occlusion ; Dentofacial Deformities ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Osteotomy ; Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus ; Prognathism