No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Scrotum

No abstract available.
Folliculitis ; Herpes Zoster ; Herpesvirus 3, Human

No abstract available.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Cytomegalovirus ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; Humans

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of atropine therapy on myopic progression in myopic children. METHODS: Fifty myopic patients, aged from 7 to 14 years and less than -5 diopters, visited our clinic for correction of refractive error from August 2001, and were followed up for at least 1 year. Of these 50 patients, the atropine therapy group was 23 and the control group was 27. Right eye cycloplegic refraction and axial length changes of the two groups were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: There was a mean increase of myopia of 0.25+/-0.43 D/yr in the atropine therapy group and of 0.83+/-0.37 D/yr in the control group (P=0.000). There was a mean increase of axial length of 0.12+/-0.19 mm/yr in the atropine therapy group and 0.39+/-0.21 mm/yr in the control group (P=0.000). In refraction and axial length changes according to age, there was no statistically significant difference within the group, aged from 7 to 9 years. However, there was a statistically significant difference within the group, aged from 10 to 14 years. In refraction and axial length changes according to myopic grade, there were a statistically significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Atropine therapy is effective in slowing the myopic progression in myopic children with refractive error less than -5 diopters.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Child ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to review the perinatal clinical characteristics of extremely low birth weight(ELBW) infants and determine their risk factors of their deaths. METHODS: The medical records of 96 infants weighing less than 1,000g, who were born at Seoul National University Hospital and admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) were analyzed retrospectively on the basis of clinical characteristics, obstetrical problems, postnatal complications and outcome. RESULTS: The annual birth rate of ELBW infants was 0.11% to 0.90% of total live births and the mean annual birth rate was 0.56% at Seoul National University Hospital. Preeclampsia was the most common obstetrical problem(34.4%), followed by incompetent internal os of cervix(IIOC) (13.5%), multiple pregnancy(13.5%) and in vitro fertilization(IVF)(13.5%). Respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) was the most common postnatal complication(78.1%), followed by sepsis(60.4%) and apnea(39.6%). Comparing the ELBW infants weighing less than 750g with those weighing more than 751g, sepsis was more frequent in the latter group(p<0.05), whereas high grade intraventricular hemorrhage(grade Ill) was more frequent in the former group(p<0.05). Otherwise there was no statistically significant difference concerning the frequency of perinatal complications between two groups. Comparing the ELBW infants born before the year 1991, when surfactant treatment started to be used routinely at our NICU, with those born after the year 1991, apnea and sepsis could be observed more frequent in the latter group(p<0.05). Otherwise there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of perinatal complications between two groups, The survival rate of ELBW infants was 0.0% in 1986, 50.0% in 1991 and 40.0% in 1995. The risk factors of neonatal deaths of ELBW infants included birth weight, gestational period, mode of delivery, IIOC, RDS, apnea, pneumonia, pneumothorax, acute renal failure(ARF) and infections(except pneumonia), but analyzing these risk factors by multivariate logistic regression analysis, the resultant significant independent risk factors consisted only of birth weight, RDS and pneumonia(p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in survival rate between ELBW infants born before and after the year 1991, but there was a tendency toward increasing survival rates in the latter group. CONCLUSION: Recently, the survival rate of ELBW infants is improving steadily, but is still lower than that of western countries and postnatal morbidity remains high. Therefore, there is an urgent need to give more efforts to the neonatal intensive care of ELBW inFants in order to increase survival rates and reduce postnatal morbidity. But it is more important to reduce preterm birth by the treatment of preventable obstetrical risk factors.
Apnea ; Birth Rate ; Birth Weight ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Live Birth ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Pneumonia ; Pneumothorax ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Premature Birth ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Sepsis ; Statistics as Topic* ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Atrophy ; Pityriasis* ; Tinea Versicolor*

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the treatment effectiveness and proper radiation dose of helical tomotherapy (HT) in spine oligometastases from gastrointestinal cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2006 to 2010, 20 gastrointestinal cancer patients were treated with HT for spine oligometastases (31 spine lesions). The gross tumor volume (GTV) was the tumor evident from magnetic resonance imaging images fused with simulation computed tomography images. Clinical target volume (CTV) encompassed involved vertebral bodies or dorsal elements. We assumed that the planning target volume was equal to the CTV. We assessed local control rate after HT for 31 spine metastases. Pain response was scored by using a numeric pain intensity scale (NPIS, from 0 to 10). RESULTS: Spine metastatic lesions were treated with median dose of 40 Gy (range, 24 to 51 Gy) and median 5 Gy per fraction (range, 2.5 to 8 Gy) to GTV with median 8 fractions (range, 3 to 20 fraction). Median biologically equivalent dose (BED, alpha/beta = 10 Gy) was 52 Gy10 (range, 37.5 to 76.8 Gy10) to GTV. Six month local control rate for spine metastasis was 90.3%. Overall infield failure rate was 15% and outfield failure rate was 75%. Most patients showed pain relief after HT (93.8%). Median local recurrence free survival was 3 months. BED over 57 Gy10 and oligometastases were identified as prognostic factors associated with improved local progression free survival (p = 0.012, p = 0.041). CONCLUSION: HT was capable of delivering higher BED to metastatic lesions in close proximity of the spinal cord. Spine metastases from gastrointestinal tumors were sensitive to high dose radiation, and BED (alpha/beta = 10 Gy) higher than 57 Gy10 could improve local control.
Disease-Free Survival ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; Recurrence ; Spinal Cord ; Spine ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Burden

BACKGROUND: Dopamine is an inotropic agent that is often selected for continuous infusion. For hemodynamic stability, the rate of infusion is controlled in the range of 5-15 µg/kg/min. This study aimed to compare the time intervals from the administration of dopamine to the onset of its hemodynamic effects when dopamine was administered through three different peripheral veins (the cephalic vein [CV], the great saphenous vein [GSV], and the external jugular vein [EJV]). METHODS: Patients in group 1, group 2, and group 3 received dopamine infusions in the CV, GSV, and EJV, respectively. A noninvasive continuous cardiac output monitor (NICCOMO™, Medis, Ilmenau, Germany) was used to assess cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Six minutes after intubation, baseline heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), CO, and SVR values were recorded and dopamine infusion was initiated at a dose of 10 µg/kg/min. Hemodynamic changes at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 15 minutes postinfusion were recorded. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups with respect to the rate of hemodynamic change. In all groups, systolic BP, diastolic BP, MAP, and SVR tended to increase after decreasing for the first 4 minutes; in contrast, HR and CO decreased until 8 minutes, after which they tended to reach a plateau. CONCLUSIONS: For patients under general anesthesia receiving dopamine at 10 µg/kg/min, there were no clinical differences in the effect of dopamine administered through three different peripheral veins.
Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Dopamine* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Intubation ; Jugular Veins ; Saphenous Vein ; Vascular Resistance ; Veins*

We herein report a case of occupational contact urticaria syndrome induced by cefotiam di-hydrochloride in a nurse. She had generalized pruritic wheals accompanied by palpitations and tachypnea during the preparation of cefotiam solution. A scratch patch test with cefotiam di-hydrochloride, a major component of cefotiam ingredient showed multiple erythema and wheals within 5 minutes, accompanied by palpitations and tachypnea. No delayed type reaction was observed. Based on her clinical history and scratch test result, we diagnosed her condition as contact urticaria syndrome caused by cefotiam.
Cefotiam* ; Erythema ; Patch Tests ; Tachypnea ; Urticaria*