OBJECTIVES: This study is designed to develop a large group phychodrama for light delin-quent adolescents (hereinafter called as "Psychodrama") thereby determining therapeutic factors for dealing with them. METHODS: The study was conducted in the program of Seoul Metropolitan Youth Centre called "the class of love" during the period of July through December, 1998. The subjects consisted of a total of 827 young delinquents (759 boys and 68 girls, with the average age of 15.9 years old). To develop "this psychodrama", after we composed of therapeutic team centered by psychiatrists, we prepared from January to June, 1998 by practicing psychodrama with delinquent adolescents and by analyzing the results. "This psychodrama" has three basic steps: (1) warming-up (small group me-eting), (2) action (situation drama and main drama), (3) sharing. A survey of treatments, from a pool of participating adolescents, based on evaluation sheets and 13 therapeutic factors scale followed every session of this psychodrama. RESULTS: "This psychodrama" was helpful for 47.4%, interesting for 49.2%, not helpful for 12.1% and not interesting for 16%. In the whole group of subjects, the important therapeutic factors were existential factor, universality, identification with the therapist and the instillation of hope in the order of rank. When categorized in four different groups (audience, participants in situation drama, auxiliary egos, participants in sharing) the 4 groups displayed different results to one another. First, the therapeutic factors of audience were similar to that of the whole group. Second, participants in situation drama showed a higher catharsis than others. Third, auxiliary egos were leading in the guidance of members and therapists. Fourth, participants in sharing displayed higher group cohesiveness. CONCLUSION: As it is getting harder to find program's suitable for the treatment of increasing number of delinquents due to limited budget and experts, this psychodrama could be more cost-effective than any other measures.
Adolescent* ; Budgets ; Catharsis ; Drama ; Ego ; Female ; Hope ; Humans ; Psychiatry ; Psychodrama* ; Seoul

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to compare the degree of degeneration of the articular and bursal layers of delaminated supraspinatus tendons based on histological examination. METHODS: Fifty-four patients with a full-thickness rotator cuff tear were included in the study. Tendon specimens were harvested during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair from the lateral torn edges of the articular and bursal layers of the delaminated tear. Harvested samples were stained with H&E dye and evaluated based on a semi-quantitative grading scale. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the seven histological characteristics of tendon degeneration: fiber structure, fiber arrangement, round nuclei, regional variations in cellularity, vascularity, collagen stainability, and hyalinization between the articular and bursal layers of the delaminated rotator cuff tear (all p>0.05). Total degeneration scores of articular and bursal sides were 13.1 ± 3.85 points and 13.2 ± 3.42 points, respectively, and were not significantly different (p=0.958). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that tendon degeneration was similar in the articular and bursal sides of the delaminated fullthickness rotator cuff tear, suggesting that degeneration would be a main etiology for the rotator cuff tear not only in the articular side but also in the bursal side. Considering potential disadvantages of subacromial decompression, this study tentatively suggests routine use of subacromial decompression as well as the need for halting or recovery from rotator cuff degeneration for better rotator cuff repair.
Collagen ; Decompression ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Rotator Cuff* ; Tears* ; Tendons

The affiliations were published incorrectly.

No abstract available.
Shoes*

OBJECTIVE: Pathogenesis of the endometriosis is very complex and the etiology is still unclear. Our hypothesis is that there may be some difference in gene expression patterns between eutopic endometriums with or without endometriosis. In this study, we analyzed the difference of gene expression profile with cDNA microarray. METHODS: Endometrial tissues were gathered from patients with endometriosis or other benign gynecologic diseases. cDNA microarray technique was applied to screen the different gene expression profiles from early and late secretory phase endometria of those two groups. Each three mRNA samples isolated from early and late secretory phase of endometrial tissues of control were pooled and used as master controls and labeled with Cy3-dUTP. Then the differences of gene expression pattern were screened by comparing eutopic endometria with endometriosis, which were labeled with Cy5-dUTP. Fluorescent labeled probes were hybridized on a microarray of 4,800 human genes. RESULTS: Twelve genes were consistently overexpressed in the endometrium of endometriosis such as ATP synthase H transporting F1 (ATP5B), eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), mitochondrial ribosomal protein L3, ATP synthase H+ transporting (ATP5C1) and TNF alpha factor. Eleven genes were consistently down-regulated in the endometriosis samples. Many extracellular matrix protein genes (decorin, lumican, EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1, fibulin 5, and matrix Gla protein) and protease/protease inhibitors (serine proteinase inhibitor, matrix metalloproteinase 2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1), and insulin like growth factor II associated protein were included. Expression patterns of selected eight genes from the cDNA microarray were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR or real time RT-PCR. CONCLUSION: The result of this analysis supports the hypothesis that the endometrium from patients with endometriosis has distinct gene expression profile from control endometrium without endometriosis.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Endometriosis* ; Endometrium* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Female ; Gene Expression* ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Peptide Elongation Factor 1 ; Ribosomal Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; Transcriptome*

Rare cases of IgG associated mesangial glomerulonephritis(IgG GN) defined by exclusive or predominant mesangial IgG deposits were reported first by Sato et al.(1993). and subsequently 10 pediatric cases were reported by Yoshikawa et al. (1994). Previous reports suggested that the prognosis of IgG GN is relatively benign course but recent report suggested that prognosis of IgG GN is highly variable. Also the recurrence of IgG GN in a renal transplant was reported by Fakhouri et al. (2002). Such a recurrence highlights the specificity of this type of glomerulonephritis. We experienced two pediatric cases of IgG GN proven by renal biopsy. Case 1. 4-year-old girl with nephrotic syndrome admitted because of general edema. The patient's urinalysis showed proteinuria and microscopic hematuria. Renal biopsy was performed because of relapsed nephritic syndrome. Light microscopic finding was nonspecific with almost normal histology. Immunofluorescent findings showed diffuse segmental IgG(+) and IgM(+) deposits in the capillary walls, and focal segmental spotty C4(trace), C1q(trace) deposits. Electron microscopic findings showed focal portion of mesangial electron dense deposits without mesangial widening. Case 2. 11-year-old girl admitted for evaluation of microsopic hematuria detected through mass school urinary screening program. Renal biopsy was performed for exact diagnosis. Immunofluorescent findings showed focal segmental IgG(+), IgM(+/-) and C3(+/-) deposits. Electron microscopic findings showed focal portion of esangial electron dense deposits without mesangial widening.
Biopsy ; Capillaries ; Child ; Edema ; Electrons ; Glomerulonephritis ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Light ; Mass Screening ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Preschool Child ; Prognosis ; Proteinuria ; Recurrence ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transplants ; Urinalysis

Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a rare condition that can cause irreversible brain damage during the neonatal period owing to the associated hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia in CHI occurs secondary to the dysregulation of insulin secretion. CHI has been established as a genetic disorder of islet-cell hyperplasia, associated with a mutation of the ABCC8 or KCNJ11 genes, which encode the sulfonylurea receptor 1 and the inward rectifying potassium channel (Kir6.2) subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, respectively. We report the case of a female newborn infant who presented with repetitive seizures and episodes of apnea after birth, because of hypoglycemia. Investigations revealed hypoglycemia with hyperinsulinemia, but no ketone bodies, and a low level of free fatty acids. High dose glucose infusion, enteral feeding, and medications could not maintain the patient's serum glucose level. Genetic testing revealed a new variation of ABCC8 mutation. Therefore, we report this case of CHI caused by a novel mutation of ABCC8 in a half-Korean newborn infant with diazoxide-unresponsive hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.
Apnea ; Blood Glucose ; Brain ; Congenital Hyperinsulinism* ; Enteral Nutrition ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hyperplasia ; Hypoglycemia ; Infant, Newborn ; Insulin ; Ketone Bodies ; Parturition ; Potassium Channels ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Female ; HELLP Syndrome* ; Pregnancy*

Background: It has been reported that vitamin D may play an important role in rotator cuff tears. However, there has been limited information about the prevalence of and risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in patients with rotator cuff tears. Therefore, the purpose of current study was to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in patients with rotator cuff tears. Methods: One hundred seventy-six patients (age, 61.9 ± 8.90 years) who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for a fullthickness tear were enrolled in this retrospective study. Preoperative serum vitamin D levels (25-hydroxyvitamin D) were measured.Hypovitaminosis D was defined as a serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL. We investigated whether age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, bone mineral density, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and outdoor occupation were associated with hypovitaminosis D. Results: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients with rotator cuff tears was 44.3% (78/176). The mean serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D of total patients was 24.7 ± 13.7 ng/mL. A higher serum level of vitamin D was significantly associated with older age (p < 0.001). Young age was an independent risk factor for hypovitaminosis D. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was also lower in patients with an outdoor occupation than in those with an indoor occupation (19.0% vs. 31.4%,p = 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients with rotator cuff tears was 44.3%. Age had a significant positive correlation with the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Young age and indoor working were independent risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in patients with rotator cuff tears. Therefore, the possibility of hypovitaminosis D should be considered for young and indoor working patients who have rotator cuff tears.

Background: It has been reported that vitamin D may play an important role in rotator cuff tears. However, there has been limited information about the prevalence of and risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in patients with rotator cuff tears. Therefore, the purpose of current study was to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in patients with rotator cuff tears. Methods: One hundred seventy-six patients (age, 61.9 ± 8.90 years) who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for a fullthickness tear were enrolled in this retrospective study. Preoperative serum vitamin D levels (25-hydroxyvitamin D) were measured.Hypovitaminosis D was defined as a serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL. We investigated whether age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, bone mineral density, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and outdoor occupation were associated with hypovitaminosis D. Results: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients with rotator cuff tears was 44.3% (78/176). The mean serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D of total patients was 24.7 ± 13.7 ng/mL. A higher serum level of vitamin D was significantly associated with older age (p < 0.001). Young age was an independent risk factor for hypovitaminosis D. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was also lower in patients with an outdoor occupation than in those with an indoor occupation (19.0% vs. 31.4%,p = 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in patients with rotator cuff tears was 44.3%. Age had a significant positive correlation with the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Young age and indoor working were independent risk factors for hypovitaminosis D in patients with rotator cuff tears. Therefore, the possibility of hypovitaminosis D should be considered for young and indoor working patients who have rotator cuff tears.