Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. A combination therapy with proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin is recommended as the first-line treatment regimen in Korea. However, the eradication rate with a standard triple therapy has been unsatisfactory in the last decade, and one of the main reasons for treatment failure is the increasing prevalence of strains resistant to antimicrobials. Therefore, comprehensive and detailed information on antimicrobial resistance is mandatory to optimize the strategy of eradication treatment. The antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori is reported to vary according to study population, geographical region, and test methods. In this review, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori isolates in Korea is summarized on the basis of recent studies.
Amoxicillin ; Clarithromycin ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Korea* ; Prevalence ; Proton Pumps ; Treatment Failure

The correction is being published to correct the grant number in above article.

Various cancer types have been associated with cancer-related cerebral infarction. In this study, we describe the first case of cancer-related cerebral infarction in which the underlying disease was primary bone marrow lymphoma (PBML). A 79-year-old man presented with abruptly developed bilateral lower extremity weakness and confusion. Diffusion-weighted imaging on admission showed multiple cortical and subcortical embolic infarction lesions in multiple vascular territories. Diagnostic evaluations to determine the embolic source revealed no abnormalities. Laboratory testing demonstrated elevated D-dimer (2.59 μg/mL) but no other prothrombotic abnormalities. In suspicion of cancer-related stroke, we performed chest CT, abdomen CT, and FDG-PET to detect the hidden malignancy. Findings revealed no evidence of cancer; however, they did reveal signs of anemia (hemoglobin 9.0 g/dL). Bone marrow aspiration biopsy showed large atypical B cell involvement suggestive of high-grade B cell lymphoma. The patient was diagnosed with primary bone marrow diffuse large B-cell lymphoma initially presenting with ischemic stroke. Our case suggests that primary bone marrow cancer may be a candidate for the differential diagnosis of hidden malignancy in patients with suspected cancer-related stroke. Bone marrow biopsy may be essential for establishing an appropriate differential diagnosis in patients with abnormal hematologic findings.

Purpose: We present a case of internal astigmatism correction using a toric scleral contact lens in a patient with high myopia after implantable collamer lens (ICL) surgery.Case summary: A 45-year-old man presented with a significant decrease in visual acuity despite previous ICL surgery. Initial attempts to fit a corneal rigid gas permeable contact lens to the left eye were unsuccessful due to fitting challenges. Subsequently, the use of a spherical scleral contact lens effectively corrected corneal astigmatism but failed to address internal astigmatism, thereby limiting improvement in visual acuity. Postoperative corneal ectasia and ICL rotation were suspected to be the underlying causes of this astigmatism. The introduction of a front toric scleral lens resulted in a significant improvement in visual acuity and sustained comfort throughout the 3-month follow-up period. Conclusions The use of toric scleral lenses can significantly improve visual acuity and provide exceptional comfort in cases where corneal morphology and lens position change after ICL surgery. This modality presents a promising alternative for future consideration.

OBJECTIVE: The ovarian cycle is characterized by repeating patterns of cellular proliferation and differentiation that accompany follicular development and the formation and regression of the corpus luteum (CL). That angiogenesis may play an important role in this process. Angiogenesis is supposed to be regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The goal of the present investigation, therefore, was to determine whether the expression of VEGF was changed in the normally cycling human ovary. We also investigated VEGF expression in the regressed CL (ie, nonfunctiong CL) of normal term pregnancy to define the association with steroidogenic activity. To our knowledge there is no report available on VEGF expression in the CL of term pregnancy. METHODS: We assessed VEGF expression in ovaries obtained from, 26-42 yr of age, and from patients undergoing hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy for nonendocrinological or nonovarian disorders. Tissue samples from premenopausal women included specimens from follicular (n=4) and luteal (n 4) phases. In addition, we studied ovarian specimens from pregnant women (n=3). Immunohistochemical analysis for VEGF was performed using a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against human VEGF. RESULTS: These data demonstrate a development-related VEGF expression in the follicle and indirectly show that VEGF expression may be up to the existence of LH-receptor. And also, VEGF was overexpressed in the regressed CL of pregnant women compared with the functioning CL of nonpregnant cycles CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the intensity of VEGF expression is not correlated with steroidogenic activity, although both of them are stimulated by LH.
Cell Proliferation ; Corpus Luteum ; Female ; Humans* ; Hysterectomy ; Menstrual Cycle ; Ovarian Follicle ; Ovary* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

BACKGROUND: Androgenetic alopecia is characterized by local and gradual transformations of terminal scalp hair to vellus hair, which has a shorter and thinner shaft. The proportion of patients with androgenetic alopecia, among the total number of patients with alopecia, seems to be gradually increasing. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the family history, and clinical and endocrine status of patients with androgenetic alopecia. METHOD: 796 patients with androgenetic alopecia were assessed at the Alopecia Clinic, Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital over a 3 year period (from January 2001 to December 2003). RESULTS: The following results were obtained: 1) There were found to be 1.7 more male patients (498) than female patients (298). They were also found to be mostly in their twenties (male 253; 50.8%, female 90; 30.2%). Previously, male to female ratio was 3.46: 1, but was now found to be 1.7: 1. 2) In the 498 male patients, Norwood class II was dominant (130 patients; 26.2%). In the 298 female patients, Ludwig class I was superior (204 patients; 68.5%). 3) 321 patients (64.5%) of 498 male patients and 177 (59.4%) of 298 female patients hada family history of androgenetic alopecia. 4) The most common accompanying disorder was seborrheic dermatitis (male 287; 73.0%, female 137; 64.6%). 5) Serum testosterone levels were increased in 84 (16.9%) of 498 male patients and 44 (14.8%) of 298 female patients. CONCLUSION: Most of these results are compatible with our previous study carried out in 1995. But, female androgenetic alopecia patients are nowadays increasing in number, therefore, the ratio of male to female is markedly different.
Alopecia* ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic ; Dermatology ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Male ; Scalp ; Testosterone

When vitrectomy is performed in eyes that have undergone glaucoma surgery, the site of sclerotomy often overlaps with the previous glaucoma operation site. It can lead to serious complications such as postoperative hypotony, leakage, and/or infection. Our technique involves modification of surgeon's position and two sclerotomy sites 45° away from the original position, with an infusion cannula inserted infranasally to avoid damage to the glaucoma drainage implant or filtering bleb. The modified approach was applied to seven eyes with various indications. Vitrectomy was successfully completed, and there were no sclerotomy site complications, leakage, or hypotony in any case. Good intraocular pressure control was maintained throughout the postoperative course in all cases.
Blister* ; Catheters ; Filtering Surgery ; Glaucoma Drainage Implants* ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Vitrectomy*

PURPOSE: Children and adolescent have high prevalences of allergic rhinitis (AR) and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) as well as adult. The purpose of this study was to assess the symptomatic differences between AR and NAR in children. METHODS: This study included 138 patients with 2 or more of rhinitis symptoms, including rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, nasal itching, and sneezing for over 1 hour on most days who visited Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital between March 2013 and June 2014. The levels of total IgE, specific IgE, eosinophil cationic protein, peripheral blood eosinophil count, and the skin prick test were carried out. All the patients or parents were asked to fill out a rhinitis symptom questionnaire and contents were rechecked by physician during the consultation. The symptoms of rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, nasal obstruction and eye itching were checked. Family history and comorbidity were also evaluated. RESULTS: Ninety-one patients were diagnosed with AR, 47 patients with NAR. Their age ranged from 1 to 16 years. AR patients had more sneezing, nasal pruritus and eye symptoms than NAR patients (P=0.003, P=0.036, and P=0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study shows that the several symptomatic differences may help to diagnose the AR. It will be helpful in establishing diagnostic and treatment plans for rhinitis patients before allergic tests.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child* ; Comorbidity ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein ; Eosinophils ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Nasal Obstruction ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Pruritus ; Rhinitis* ; Rhinitis, Vasomotor ; Skin ; Sneezing

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In NAFLD, insulin resistance plays an important role in the progression of liver damage. In this study, we evaluated insulin resistance, plasma adiponectin, hepatic steatosis, and their association in adults with normal liver transaminase concentrations. METHODS: We analyzed 111 subjects, aged over 20 years old, who visited the Health Management Center at Chung-Ang University Hospital between May 2006 and August 2006. They had neither history nor clinical evidence of diabetes, cardiovascular or liver disease. They were divided into three groups by the degree of hepatic steatosis based on ultrasound findings. Anthropometric parameters were measured and blood samples were drawn after eight hours of fasting. RESULTS: Hepatic steatosis had a positive correlation with body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI. Moreover, it had a negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin. Triglycerides, Adiponectin, and QUICKI were independent variables in predicting the degree of hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests that triglycerides and plasma adiponectin are independent predictors of hepatic steatosis in adults with normal liver transaminase concentrations.
Adiponectin ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Dyslipidemias ; Fatty Liver ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipoproteins ; Liver ; Liver Diseases ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Plasma ; Triglycerides ; Waist Circumference

PURPOSE: Study purposes were to exam effects of self-care education for children with type 1 diabetes on their diabetes management behaviors and to explore the relationship among diabetes management behaviors, knowledge, self-efficacy and clinical variables. METHODS: This study was a one group quasi-experimental study. Study participants were children with type 1 diabetes and attended a four hour self-care education of a diabetes camp. Data were collected using structured questionnaires including Diabetes Management Behavior Scale (DMBS), Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center's Brief Diabetes Knowledge Test and Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Self-Management. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 12 (+/-2.3) years. After the education, their DMBS and knowledge improved, but the improvement was not statistically significant (t=1.758, p=.101; t=0.528, p=.606). Two areas of DMBS, daily prevention behaviors and modification of care plan, were associated with study variables. Daily prevention behaviors were associated with duration of diabetes (r=.653, p=.008), HbA1c (r=.563, p=.038) and having a complication (r=-2.788, p=.015). Modification of care plan was associated with age at diagnosis (r=-.552, p=.033). CONCLUSION: Children with type 1 diabetes could improve some parts of their diabetes management behaviors even after a short diabetes camp.
Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diagnosis ; Disease Management ; Education* ; Humans ; Michigan ; Self Care* ; Self Efficacy