[Summary] MS ,which is highly related tothe occurrence of cardiovascular disease and T2DM ,is characterized by glucose and fat metabolic dysregulation ,central obesity ,hypertension and hyperuricemia.11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1) is regarded as a new therapeutic target for MS.11β‐HSD1 converts inactive glucocorticoid to active glucocorticoid. 11β‐HSD1 knockout improves obesity , hyperlipidemia andhyperglycemia. The inhibition of 11β‐HSD1 alleviates IR in human and rodents ,but the application of 11β‐HSD1 inhibitors is limited by the side effects.

Objective To investigate the effects of ERα36 (a novel subtype of estrogen receptor alpha) on growth and proliferation in PC12 cells via examining the expression of growth-associated protein in differentiated PC12 cells after ERα36 gene silencing.Methods Transfection of ERα36-shRNA plasmid into PC12 cells was performed to establish the ERoα36 gene silencing cells model (PC12-36L1,PC12-36L2).Immunocytofluorescence was used to examine the expression of ERα36,and Western blot was used to analyze the expression of PCNA,cyclinD1 and MAPK in the PC12 cells.Results ① ERα36 was expressed in both cell types(PC12-36C1,PC12-36L1 and PC12-36L2).Compared with PC12-36C1,PC12-36L2 cells(OD value were respectively 0.95±0.05,0.78±0.10),PC12-36L1 cells significantly decreased expression of ERα36(OD value 0.47±0.12,P＜0.01).② Compared with PC12 and PC12-36C1 cells,PC12-36L1 cells were significantly higher expression of PCNA,CyclinD1 and p-MAPK(P＜0.01)(OD value of PCNA,CyclinD1 and p-MAPK:PC12 cells were respectively 1.00±0.05,1.00± ±0.11,1.00±0.05,PC12-36C1 cells were respectively 1.09±0.15,0.92±0.23,1.12± 0.08,PC12-36L1 cells were respectively 1.74±0.12,2.20±0.25,1.77±0.06).Conclusion ERα36 gene silencing can promote the growth and proliferation in PC12 cells.It suggests that the lower expression of ERα36 may be related to the diseases in nervous system such as brain tumor.

Objective To infer its transmission origin and route through studying the feature of molecular epidemiology of an HCV outbreak in Guangzhou.Methods Serum samples 192 cases in an HCV outbreak incident were analyzed for 2a and 6a subtypes.Appropriate genotypes were selected as control group.Informatics software were used in the evolutionary analysis to construct time scale trees and infer the origin time of HCV infection.Results Of 119 patients in the HCV outbreak,66 cases were 2a and 110 cases were 6a subtype.No other genotypes were found.The evolutionary analysis indicated the isolates of 2a group and 6a group both originated from 2 ～ 5 years ago.Both of 2a group and 6a group were in line with the characteristics of iatrogenic infection.Conclusion 2a and 6a were the main sub-genotypes in the Guangdong HCV outbreak investigation and they were originated from 2 to 5 years ago,which were in line with the characteristics of iatrogenic transmission.With the extension of time,a large number of cases accumulated and led to outbreak.

BACKGROUND: Fixation of bone fracture is one of the fundamental methods for bone fracture healing. The technique of AO has a lot of defects, such as negative effect induced by "stress dodging". Recently, the technique of CO is praised highly by national and international scholars. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of external fixation of small splint on healing of long bone fracture of rabbit, and compare to the internal fixation of steel plate.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled animal trial. SETTING: Research Institute of Orthopedics, Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Orthopedics, Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April 2006 to April 2007. Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into small splint fixation group and steel plate fixation group with 15 rabbits in each group. Small splint was self-made of fir-barks with good elasticity, and composed of exterior, interior, front and back splints. The upper part of the splint was wide and the lower part was narrow. We sting an eyelet in the small splint that is used in front and behind part. A hole was drilled in the front and back splints close to the tubercle of tibia. Steel plate was provided by Jiangsu Golden Deer Group (Type HA2.0). METHODS: The standard models of transverse fracture of 3 mm in the meta-infer 1/3 of left tibia were established. In small splint fixation group (SSF group), the fracture was fixed by plaster stone, and 5 days later, replaced by external fixation of small splint. The steel fixation group (SF group) was fixed by steel plate with 4 holes. Animals were executed 14, 24, and 34 days after surgery, respectively. The growth condition of bony callus in fracture sites was observed, and the histomorphology of bony callus and bone cell production during fracture healing was observed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Macroscopic observation of rabbit tibial bony callus, and histomorphology of bony callus and bone cell formation. RESULTS: In SSF group, the bony callus formed early, and there were plentiful and active osteoblast. Thirty-four days after surgery, bony union was observed in fracture sites. In SF group, there was little fibrous bony callus in the fracture ends 14 days after surgery, accompanied by granulation tissue. Twenty-four days after surgery, sparing cartilage synostosis was observed. On day 34 days, bony callus span the fracture ends, but fracture ends did not connect completely yet. Compared with the SF group, the quantity of bony callus and the speed of fracture healing were superior in SSF group. CONCLUSION: The external fixation of small splint can promote osteoblastic differentiation and proliferation, absorption of hematoma, calcification of the bony callus, and the growth and rebuilding of bone trabecula.

Objective 1.To establish an improved method by inhaling hyperosmotic saline and mucosolvan ampoule and to observe the security and validity in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).2.To observe the changes of cell component and soluble substance in the induced sputum of the elderly patients with COPD at their acute and stable stage,and explore the role of these substances in airway inflammation. Methods 1.40 elderly patients with COPD who were at their acute stage were stochastically divided into two groups,20 patients each,who inhaled hyperosmotic saline(3%)(group A)and hyperosmotie saline(3%)plus ambroxol hydrochloride(group B).We compared their electrocardiogram before and after inhalation,lung function,saturation of oxygen in artery,cell component,inflammatory factors in sputum and validity of inducing sputum.2.The cell component,inflammatory factors and the lung function of the patients in group B were determined at their acute and stable stage. Results 1.55.0% of the patients in group A felt uncomfortable.and 2 of them had excessive bronchial irritability so not undergoing sputum inducement.However,side effects were found in only 5 patients of the group B.Side effects in the group B were lower than those in hyperosmotic saline group(P＜0.05).Before and after the experiment,electrocardiogram of the patients in the two groups had no statistical difference(P＞0.05).It was the same as lung function and oxygenic saturation.Cell component and inflammatory faetors in the sputum of the two groups had no statistical difference(P＞0.05).2.In group B,the total cells,monoeyte,neutrophil,IL-8 and TNF-αof the patients at their acute stage were(3.4 5±0.52)×108/L,(38.8±4.3)%,(30.8±3.1)%,(316.75±43.14)ng/L,(39.4±4.58)ng/L.respectively.And those at their stable stage were(2.94±0.57)×108/L,(29.1±6.1)%,(28.2±4.2)%,(170.00±25.70)ng/L,(20.60±5.10)ng/L,respectively.The total cells,monocyte,neutrophils,IL-8 and TNF-α in acute and stable stage of the patients had statistical significance(P＜0.05).There was a negative correlation of the total cells,monocyte,neutrophil,IL-8,TNF-αwith the degree of the disease in group B at acute and stable stage. Conclusions The results suggest that inhaling ambroxol hydrodiloride is a practical,safe and effective method,for clarifying the mechanism of airway inflammation in elderly patients with COPD.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leg ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Magnetic Field Therapy ; methods ; Male ; Myositis Ossificans ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

[Objective]To investigate the changes of the hemodynamics and pulmonary histopathology in acute spinal cord injured rats during isoflurane inhalation.[Method]Sixty male SD rats with body weights of 300～330 g were divided into 3 groups:chloral hydrate group,1.5% isoflurane group and 3% isoflurane group.Epidural balloon compression of the T8 spinal cord was performed.Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored during surgery.All animals were sacrificed 10 min after being compressed.The author harvested the lung and recorded lung wet/dry weight ratios(W/D)to assess lung injury severity,and observed the changes of the pulmonary pathology.[Result]Blood pressure in all animals was higher than that of the baseline during the spinal cord injury,but the heart rate was lower than that of the baseline(P0.05).Rats from the 1.5% isoflurane group exhibited severe neurogenic pulmonary edema.The W/D in 1.5% group was significantly higher than those in the other two groups(P

Objective To study the quantitative electromyography in patients with ALS of different stages and determine the sensitive parameters for early diagnosis.Methods Quantitative electromyography was performed in 371 muscles of 60 ALS patients and 275 control muscles. MUPs parameters, the presence of spontaneous activity and the recruitment order were measured. The electromyographic data were analyzed respectively and compared with the values obtained in the control group; Results There were obviously different electromyographic patterns in each stage. Six electrophysiological stages N_0-N_5 could be discerned from the early to the most advanced phase; Compared with those of the control group, the amplitude, area, duration, SI and polyphasia of MUPs all increased significantly in N_2 ( P

Objective To study the current status of antibiotic usage in Southwest hospital, so as to improve the rationality in applying antibiotic. Methods A total of 1 668 patients in Southwest hospital during Jan 1 to Dec 30, 2003 were investigated in antibiotic usage and the data were sorted and analyzed. Results Antibiotics were administered in 1 247 cases (74.76%), including only 76 cases (6.09%) based on susceptibility test, 39 cases (3.12%) occurred hospital infection. 297 cases (23.81%) abused antibiotics, among which 131 cases (38.04%) were without definite symptoms or with weak signs, 93 cases (31.31%) used more than two kinds of antibiotics, 24 cases (8.08%) frequently changed antibiotic in the treatment, 27 cases (9.09%) inappropriately prolonged administration and 22 cases (7.40%) improperly combined the same antibiotics. Conclusion Irrational utilization of antibiotics exits in clinical work. Therefore, the rational use of antibiotic based on susceptibility tests should be emphasized.

Objective:To study the long-term inhibitory effect of external stent on atherosclerosis of autologous vein graft in hypercholesterolemic rabbit and the possible mechanism.Methods:Hypercholesterolemic model was established in 15 rabbits and their bilateral jugular veins were anastomosed with bilateral carotid arteries.One jugular vein graft was stented with a polytetrafluoroethylene tube(external stent group)and the other receiving no stenting served as control(unstent group).Ultrasound was used to evaluate the haemodynamics 12 weeks after operation.The grafts were harvested to examine the thickness and area of intima and media,the deposition of lipid in the vessel wall,and the distribution of VCAM-1 positive cells.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)was used to evaluate the regeneration of endothelium.Results:Ultrasound results showed that the stent group was laminar blood flow and the control group had vortex flow.The thickness and areas of intima and media were significantly lower in the stent group than in the control group(P