The fashion of vascular anastomosis, end-to-end or end-to-side (E-to-S), are depended upon surgeon's preference or surgical situations. In E-to-S anastomosis two different methods of arteriotomy are applicable but it has been suggested the type, either elliptical or slit arteriotomy, play a different role in the flow hemodynamics. We thought that the difference is more considerable in microvascular surgery. This study examines the effects of elliptical versus slit arteriotomy on morphologic vessel patency. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups of ten rats each. Both carotid arteries were selected as a experimental model. During the procedures the rat brain was tolerable to ischemia and all animals were survived after operations. The morphologic analysis of anastomosis site was through resin-casting method with scanning electromicroscopic examination. The results showed notable difference between two groups in three-dimensional morphology at two-month of operation. This difference may affect the flow hemodynamics and long-term vessel patency. In microvascular anastomosis, the mortpologic difference of the elliptical arteriotomy is worse than slit arteriotomy which compromises the vessel circumference.
Animals ; Brain ; Carotid Arteries ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Trabeculectomy, as a surgical intervention in the treatment of glaucoma, has become most popular. The most common cause of filtration failure is obstruction of aqueous outflow due to bleb fibrosis. Adjunctive intraoperative mitomycin-C has been reported to improve the success of filtration surgery in eyes of high risk for failure. But its use increases the rate of complications after filtering surgery: especially postoperative hypotony, wound leakage, and scleral necrosis. We have experienced two patients whose scleral flaps were necrotized after trabeculectomy with mitomycin-C in uncomplicated glaucoma. We report successful results in revision of filtering bleb by using Gore-Tex as a patch graft.
Blister* ; Fibrosis ; Filtering Surgery ; Filtration ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Mitomycin* ; Necrosis ; Polytetrafluoroethylene* ; Trabeculectomy* ; Transplants ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Humans ; Siblings*

No abstract available.
Apocrine Glands ; Hidrocystoma*

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the relationship between personality type, college admission SAT scores and GPA scores of student nurses. METHOD: The data was collected from 270 student nurses enrolled in a baccaleaureate program in Seoul. MBTI was used to identify students' personality and SAT score and GPA score were collected over 4 years. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS Win. package. RESULT: 1. There were slightly more extrovert (E) type (54.4%) students than the introvert (I) type; more sensing (S) type (71.1%) than the intuitive (N) type. 2. The introvert type students had significantly higher SAT scores than those of the extrovert type (p=.002). 3. The judging type students had significantly higher GPA scores throughout their college years than the perceiving type. 4. There was no statistically significant relationship between SAT and GPA scores. SAT scores did not accurately predict students' academic achievement in college in this sample. CONCLUSION: The distribution of the personality types in the sample was different from the general population which may suggest that college admission criteria is biased toward certain personality type. Since different personality types process information and cope with the outside world differently, effective teaching strategies need to be considered for each class.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Humans ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Anencephaly* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) with acquired metallo β-lactamase (MBL) resistance have been increasingly reported worldwide and associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Here, an outbreak of genetically related strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing the imipenemase (IMP)-1 MBL in a medical intensive care unit (MICU) in Korea is reported. METHODS: Since isolating carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) at the MICU of the hospital on August 10, 2011, surveillance cultures for CRE in 31 hospitalized patients were performed from August to September 2011. Carbapenem resistance was determined based on the disk diffusion method outlined in the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for genes coding for β-lactamase. Associations among isolates were assessed via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In addition, a surveillance study of environmental cultures and health-care workers (HCWs) was conducted in the MICU during the same time frame. RESULTS: During the study period, non-duplicated CRKP specimens were discovered in four patients in the MICU, suggestive of an outbreak. On August 10, 2011, CRKP was isolated from the sputum of a 79-year-old male patient who was admitted to the MICU. A surveillance study to detect additional CRE carriers by rectal swab revealed an additional three CRKP isolates. PCR and sequencing of the four isolates identified the presence of the IMP-1 gene. In addition, PFGE showed that the four isolated strains were genetically related. CRE was not identified in specimens taken from the hands of HCWs or other environmental sources during surveillance following the outbreak. Transmission of the carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae strain was controlled by isolation of the patients and strict contact precautions. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that rapid and systemic detection of CRE and strict infection controls are important steps in preventing nosocomial transmission.
Aged ; Clinical Coding ; Critical Care* ; Diffusion ; Disease Outbreaks ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Hand ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Intensive Care Units* ; Klebsiella pneumoniae* ; Klebsiella* ; Korea ; Male ; Methods ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sputum

BACKGROUND: Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) may improve hemostasis in congenital or acquired disorders of coagulation and reduce operative blood loss in patients undergoing surgical procedures. The effects of DDAVP on coagulation in hemorrhagic shock were studied in rabbits subjected to severe hemorrhage. METHODS: 20 rabbits were bled to shock and infused lactated Ringer's solution simultaneously so that the mean arterial pressure were maintained above 50 mmHg. Animals were randomly received DDAVP 0.3 ug/kg (group Dl), 3 ug/kg (group D10) or saline (group S) over 15 minutes. Bleeding time and factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C) were measured before, after shock and 45 minutes after DDAVP or saline infusion. RESULTS: After shock, bleeding time was not changed but FVIII:C was decreased significantly in all groups. After saline or DDAVP infusion, bleeding time was not changed in group S and group Dl, whereas shortened in group D10 from 107.5+/-11.3 second to 87.5+/-17.5 second (P<0.05). After saline or DDAVP infusion, FVIII:C was decreased in group S and group Dl (P<0.05), but not changed in group D10. CONCLUSIONS: Infusion of DDAVP 3 ug/kg shortens bleeding time and causes an increase of FVIII:C than other groups in rabbits resuscitated from hemorrhagic shock.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Bleeding Time ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin* ; Factor VIII ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Pharmacology ; Rabbits* ; Shock ; Shock, Hemorrhagic*

Portal vein gas and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis are uncommon conditions and have been associated with poor prognosis. They are most commonly caused by necrotizing enterocolitis but may have other causes, and they can be associated with necrotizing and ischemic colitis, intra-abdominal abscess, small bowel obstruction, diverticulitis, colon cancer, and acute pancreatitis. With the more frequent use of computed tomography (CT) scans, portal vein gas and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis have been increasingly detected in recent years. Because of its high mortality rate, necrotizing enteritis with portal vein gas and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis may be treated with emergent exploratory laparotomy. We report a case of necrotizing enteritis with portal vein gas and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in a 47-year-old man treated with intensive medical management and delayed operation due to unstable condition and surgical mortality. He had good clinical results without complications after the delayed operation.
Abdominal Abscess ; Colitis, Ischemic ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Diverticulitis ; Enteritis* ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Pancreatitis ; Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis* ; Portal Vein* ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Humans ; Twins*