The purpose of the study was to analyze the risk factors of school accidents. The study subjects were 408 students of a middle school in a municipal city. Among them, 204 students who met with an accident and received first-aid treatment in school health room at any time from March 2 to July 15, 1999, were selected as the school accident group. And the remaining 204 students were cases' matched control, who had never been experienced any school accident from elementary school days to July 15, 1999, For data collection, the structured questionnaire, and interview were adopted. The findings of this study were as below: There were significant differences personal and familial characteristics residential form(p=0.04); active disposition (p=0.02); impatient disposition(p=0.02); family environment(p=0.01); and father image(p=0.00), and the school life characteristics; achievement(p=0.00); observance of school order(p=0.00); school adjustment(p=0.00), the health characteristics; school health room(p=0.00); medical institute they usually used(p=0.00); sleeping hours(p=0.03); bath or shower(p=0.01); hand washing(p=0.04), and wearing glasses(p=0.02), and the characteristics of accident disposition; accident experience(p=0.00); the characteristics of accident disposition(p=0.00). Multiple logistic analysis were showed that religion, adaption to school life and school accomplishment were the significant predictors to school accident prevalence. To reduce school accident, accident-prevention program should be developed practically and concretely in consideration of student's personal characteristics. In addition, accident-prevention education should be implemented under the link between home and school, so that students could prevent accident for themselves.
Baths ; Case-Control Studies* ; Data Collection ; Education ; Fathers ; Hand ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; School Health Services ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Osteoporosis* ; Physicians, Primary Care* ; Primary Health Care*

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the Edmonson psychiatric fall risk assessment tool (EPFRAT) for psychiatric inpatients. Methods: Data from retrospective study were collected from 670 adult inpatients in two departments of mental health medicine of a tertiary general hospital by reviewing their electronic medical records. There were 41 patients who experienced falls and 629 patients who did not experience falls during the period from January to December 2019. Data were analyzed by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and a receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) for validity assessment using the IBM SPSS/WIN 26.0 program. Results: Factors affecting falls were the participant’s age, guardian’s residence, high-risk determination at the time of admission, and comorbidity. At the 85 points where the point of sum of the sensitivity and specificity was largest, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of EPFRAT were 92.7%, 79.7%, 22.9%, and 99.4%, respectively. The area under the ROC to assess the overall validity of the tool was .92 (95% CI 0.89~0.94). Conclusion The EPFRAT was proved to be valid and reasonable for predicting falls in psychiatric inpatients. Based on the results of this study, it could be used for the assessment of high-risk patients for falls in psychiatric units.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to understand and describe nurses' experiences of caring for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in chemotherapy wards. METHODS: Data were collected during 2015 by individual in-depth interviews with 10 nurses working in a chemotherapy ward. Transcribed data were analyzed using the hermeneutic phenomenological method by van Manen. RESULTS: Six essential themes emerged from the analysis. ‘Struggle for safe administration of anticancer drugs,' represents the double effort for patients' safety while receiving anti-cancer drugs. ‘Compassion toward patients suffering from chemotherapy,' describes sympathy and empathy for patients and the transference of the pain caused by excessive empathy. ‘Frustration of caring for no further improvement of patients,' describes ambivalence and helplessness due to ineffective chemotherapy. ‘Disappointment of being the target of criticism,' illustrates the emotional injury caused by projection of anger and denigrated value of caring. ‘Motive power of caring: patients, family and colleagues,' represents the supportive relationship for caring. ‘Take-off for better care,' describes development as patients' advocator through introspection and self-management. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that a more supportive ward environment needs to be created to support and empower oncology nurses in order to provide the best care for cancer patients.
Anger ; Drug Therapy* ; Empathy ; Hermeneutics* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Methods ; Qualitative Research ; Self Care

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the levels of distress and quality of life in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and to identify the relationship between distress and quality of life. METHODS: Data were collected during 2013 from 128 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy at a hospital located in Seoul, South Korea. Distress thermometer and problem list were used to measure distress, and the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-general questionnaire was used to measure quality of life. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, the post-hoc Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Among the 128 participants, 68 (53.1%) were male and the mean age was 52.55 years. Forty two (32.8%) were diagnosed with stage 4 and 73 (57.0%) were having recurrence or metastasis. The mean score for distress was 4.01 out of 10. Seventy four (57.8%) participants had a score of 4 or higher, indicating clinically significant distress. Emotional problems had the highest item mean among five domains. The mean score for quality of life was 68.51 +/- 14.22 out of 108. Distress and quality of life were negatively correlated (r= -.52, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Distress level with specific problems should be regularly assessed to relieve distress and improve the quality of life of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Quality of Life* ; Recurrence ; Seoul ; Thermometers ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: Decreased pain sensitivity to the external stimuli was sought by measuring the pressure pain thresholds in patients with schizophrenia. In the case of the pain insensitivity(PI) being confirmed, the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and PI was to evaluated. METHODS: 21 schizophrenic and 23 healthy controls were enrolled. Pressure pain thresholds(PPT) were measured by pressure algometer on initial and recovered phase, and positive and negative symptoms by PANSS(Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale)(Stanley et al. 1991) were obtained in patient group. The confounding factor induced by antipsychotics to the PPT was controlled for. Comparisons of PPT between two groups, and correlations of PPT and psychiatric symptoms in patient group were tested. RESULTS: 1) Schizophrenic patients with active psychotic symptoms showed higher PPT compared to healthy controls. 2) When psychiatric symptoms were improved, PPT was decreased to the level of healthy controls. 3) Only the subscale of delusion in PANSS was closely correlated with PPT in patients with schizophrenia. 4) The dose of antipsychotics did not influence the PPT of the patient group. CONCLUSIONS: A part of patients with schizophrenia revealed they had higher pressure pain thresholds, which suggested PI in active symptom phase. However, PPT were restored almost to the level of normal controls when psychotic symptoms were improved. Thus, PI seemed to be a transient phenomenon rather than a persistent one. Changes of pain sensitivity to the external stimuli in schizophrenics would be associated with severity of delusion based upon reversible changes of brain function. Decreased attention due to delusion or lack of motivation seemed to be causal factors of PI. Clinicians should give attention to PI in schizophrenic patients to prevent physical illness and serious injuries in them.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Brain ; Delusions ; Humans ; Motivation ; Pain Threshold* ; Schizophrenia*

Based on the limitation of biomedical model of tinnitus, more attention has been paid to personalities or psychological aspects. Depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and sleep disturbance were comorbid illnesses of tinnitus and research showed that neurobiological mechanisms such as dysfunction of limbic system or HPA axis were common in tinnitus and affective disorders and that comorbid psychiatric disorders enhanced the negative outcome of tinnitus. Recently, more attention is being paid to the relation of tinnitus with personality and the role of stress. Although the causal relation of personality and tinnitus is unclear, stress in itself showed that it can be a trigger in the development of tinnitus, and stress of tinnitus can cause adverse effects. Since the effect of fear-related cognition such as catastrophic thought about tinnitus was revealed more recently, its therapeutic implication should be explored. This review will describe the product of previous research and discuss future direction about psychological factors related to tinnitus.
Anxiety Disorders ; Cognition ; Depressive Disorder ; Limbic System ; Mood Disorders ; Psychology* ; Tinnitus*

PURPOSE: Cardiovascular adverse events (AEs) after use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors have been reported and suspected since the launch of DPP-4 inhibitors in 2006. However, few studies have investigated the association between cardiovascular AEs and DPP-4 inhibitors. The objective of this study is to detect the signals of cardiovascular AEs after use of DPP-4 inhibitors by analyzing the Korea Institute of Drug Safety & Risk Management-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System Database (KIDS-KD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on the use of oral antidiabetic drugs from 2008 to 2016 were extracted from KIDS-KD, and analyzed descriptively. Data mining was conducted by calculating three indices, which were proportional reporting ratios, reporting odds ratios, and information components, to detect signals from use of all oral antidiabetic drugs including DPP-4 inhibitors. Then, the suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were confirmed by signal detection, and drug label information between the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration were compared. RESULTS: Cardiovascular AEs after taking DPP-4 inhibitors were detected in only three (1.0%) out of a total of 307 AE reports. Two of the three cardiovascular AEs were reported after using sitagliptin and one using gemiglipitin, but these were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Analysis of spontaneous ADR reports data on the use of DPP-4 inhibitors could not showed the association between DPP-4 inhibitors and cardiovascular AEs, due to a small number of cardiovascular AEs reports.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Data Mining ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Korea ; Odds Ratio ; Pharmacovigilance ; Sitagliptin Phosphate ; United States Food and Drug Administration

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: The viability of cord blood is an important measure of product quality. Trypan blue (TB) stain is the most commonly and conveniently used method to measure the viability of the cord blood. Recently, cytometric analysis using 7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) was introduced. Staining with 7-AAD is more sensitive in detecting cellular damage than staining with TB. In addition to this, 7-AAD allows specific measurement of the viability of total nucleated cells (TNC), mononuclear cells (MNC) and CD34+ cells. In this study, we compared the viability of TNC between the TB and 7-AAD method, as well as analyzing the viability of each cell population. METHODS: From February to July 2010, 102 cord blood units were collected and assessed for the viability of TNC by the TB and 7-AAD methods. The viability of mononuclear cells (MNC) and CD34+ cells was assessed by 7-AAD method. RESULTS: The TB and 7-AAD methods were used to assess the viability of TNC, which was 90.1+/-5.7% and 68.4+/-8.0%, respectively. The viability of MNC and CD34+ cells measured by the 7-AAD method was 91.8+/-4.3% and 93.4+/-5.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The TNC viability of 7-AAD method was significantly lower than that of TB method. In 7-AAD method, the viabilities of MNC and CD34+ cells were significantly higher than that of TNC. As those are important prognostic factors and measures for successful engraftment after the transplantation, the measurement of the viabilities of MNC and CD34+ cells by 7-AAD method would be helpful to the quality control of the cord blood product.
Cell Survival ; Cryopreservation ; Dactinomycin ; Diminazene ; Fetal Blood ; Quality Control ; Transplants ; Trypan Blue ; Umbilical Cord