No abstract available.
Choledochal Cyst*

The purpose of this study w-s to predict the respose to the chincap therapy from the initial cephalometric measurements and to obtain the indication of chincap therapy. 40 patients selected for this study were classified into two groups by the occlusal stability after completion of permanent dentition and the iiu4n ovement of facial profile, after chincap therapy. One was g response group which consisted of 25 children and the other was poor response group with 15 patients. Various measurements of the craniofacial structure in the initial lateral cephalogram were calculated and analyzed by t-test and discriminant analysis. The results were, as follows 1. Good response group had more horizontal growth pattern in initial stage of treatment, and the contributing measurements were Bjork sum, anterior-posterior facial height ratio, gonial angle, lower gonial angle and occlusal plane to AB plane angle. 2. The critical points and predictive values of the influential skeletal measurements were calculated. 3. The discriminant function was obtained from three. major influential measurements; Bjork sum, gonial angle and occliml plane to AB plane angle, and this function could discreminate correctly in 85% of this samples.
Child ; Dental Occlusion ; Dentition, Permanent ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Dopamine is an inotropic agent that is often selected for continuous infusion. For hemodynamic stability, the rate of infusion is controlled in the range of 5-15 µg/kg/min. This study aimed to compare the time intervals from the administration of dopamine to the onset of its hemodynamic effects when dopamine was administered through three different peripheral veins (the cephalic vein [CV], the great saphenous vein [GSV], and the external jugular vein [EJV]). METHODS: Patients in group 1, group 2, and group 3 received dopamine infusions in the CV, GSV, and EJV, respectively. A noninvasive continuous cardiac output monitor (NICCOMO™, Medis, Ilmenau, Germany) was used to assess cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Six minutes after intubation, baseline heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), CO, and SVR values were recorded and dopamine infusion was initiated at a dose of 10 µg/kg/min. Hemodynamic changes at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 15 minutes postinfusion were recorded. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups with respect to the rate of hemodynamic change. In all groups, systolic BP, diastolic BP, MAP, and SVR tended to increase after decreasing for the first 4 minutes; in contrast, HR and CO decreased until 8 minutes, after which they tended to reach a plateau. CONCLUSIONS: For patients under general anesthesia receiving dopamine at 10 µg/kg/min, there were no clinical differences in the effect of dopamine administered through three different peripheral veins.
Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Dopamine* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Intubation ; Jugular Veins ; Saphenous Vein ; Vascular Resistance ; Veins*

BACKGROUND: Volatile anesthetics exert direct depressant and vasodilator effects on vascular smooth muscle. These effects may result in clinically relevant hemodynamic changes. However, the mechanism is not well known whereby volatile anesthetics inhibit the vasoconstrictor actions of catecholamines at vascular smooth muscle. METHODS: The present study examined the direct effects of isoflurane on responses of isolated rabbit thoracic arteries to the norepinephrine(a mixed alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist) and phenylephrine(a selective alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist) applied exogenously. The role of extra- and intracellular Ca2+ in norepinephrine-induced contractions was also examined. RESULTS: Norepinephrine and phenylephrine produced maximal responses of about the same magnitude; however, norepinephrine was more potint than phenylephrine. Isoflurane depressed only the upper portion(10(-5)~10(-4)M) of norepinephrine dose-response curves. The depression of contraction caused by isoflurane on the dose-response curves of norepinephrine and phenylephrine was more marked with phenylephrine than with norepinephrine; isoflurane(2~3%) caused a concentration-dependent attenuatian of the responses evoked by 10(-5) to 10(-3)M phenylephrine. Ryanodine(a selective inhibitor of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channels) attenuated the contractile response to norepinephrine. In the Ca2+-free medium the contractile response to norepinephrine was attenuated as compared to control. CONCLUSIONS: Theses results suggest that isoflurane attenuates the contractile responses of isolated rabbit thoracic arteries to norepinephrine and phenylephrine probably interfering with postjunctional alpha1-receptor function.
Anesthetics ; Catecholamines ; Depression ; Hemodynamics ; Isoflurane* ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Norepinephrine* ; Phenylephrine ; Rabbits* ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; Thoracic Arteries

Obesity has been implicated as a significant risk factor for multiple medical condition including hypertention, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and fatty liver. Furthermore, obesity in childhood is believed to be a reliable predictor of a similar condition in adulthood. During the recent years, there has been a rapid rise in the incidence of childhood obesity in Korea due to increased dietary intake rich in caloric content. This study was undertaken to investigate the epidemiology and potential health complications of obesity observed in elmentary school students. A total of 3,103 children (1630 boys and 1,473 girls), ages ranging from 6 to 12, were studied with personal interview, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation. The results were as follows: 1) The prevalence of obesity was 13.44% with approximately equal distribution among boys (14.42%) and girls (12.36%). 2) The prevalence of childhood obesity in Seoul was significantly higher (18.62%) than that in Suwon (7.85%) and in Hongchon (6.02%). 3) A higher incidence of hypertension was dectected in obese subjects and this was more obvious in girls. 4) Hyperlipidemia and elevated Atherogenic Index were more frequently observed in obese group. 5) although fasting blood glucose levels were similar in both groups. AST and ALT abnormalities were much more prevalent in obese group. It is concluded that hypertension and other metabolic abnormalities are much more frequently observed in obese children and that our effects should be focused on the earliest dection, prevention and management of childhood obesity.
Blood Glucose ; Child* ; Epidemiology ; Fasting ; Fatty Liver ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Korea ; Obesity* ; Pediatric Obesity ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Alprostadil* ; Ductus Arteriosus ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Protein kinase C (PKC) has been known to play a central role in mediating ischemic preconditioning. The isoform of the PKC changes during the development of the heart in rats. Therefore, the protective effects of PKC activation may vary between neonatal and adult hearts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To test this hypothesis, primary cultures of neonatal and adult rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM and ARVM, respectively) were subjected to ischemic condition, which consisted of a deoxygenated air supply and glucose deprivation in the media. The survival was evaluated by counting trypan blue excluding cells. The effect of PKC activation was analyzed by the addition of a PKC agonist (12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, TPA), or an antagonist (staurosporin) to cultured myocytes. RESULTS: Under ischemic condition, ARVMs were more susceptible than NRVM. The survival of the ARVMs were 63.1+/-8.3%, 42.8+/-6.1%, 10.1+/-5.8% after 3, 6, 12 hours of ischemia, respectively, while those of the NRVMs were 68.9+/-6.4%, 60.3+/-7.3%, 34.3+/-7.5%, and 8.2+/-6.6% after 6, 12, 24, 36 hours of ischemia, respectively (p=0.031). However, the activation of the PKC following the addition of 100 nM TPA to the media significantly enhanced the survival of the ARVM, from 38.5+/-8.3% to 62.1+/-7.3%, after 6 hours of ischemia, which was similar to that of the controls (65.4+/-6.2%). In contrast, the activation of the PKC by the addition of TPA did not change the survival of the NRVM, from 31.8+/-5.8% to 28.5+/-7.3%, after less than 24 hours of ischemia. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that the protective effect of PKC activation in adult hearts differs from that in neonatal hearts, indicating that PKC isoform variance between two tissues may affect the biologic consequence of its activation.
Adult* ; Animals ; Glucose ; Heart* ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Muscle Cells ; Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac* ; Negotiating ; Protein Kinase C ; Rats* ; Trypan Blue

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.
Breakfast ; Curriculum ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Riboflavin ; Snacks

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis was first reported by Ofuji and Ogino in 1970, which is characterized by eruptions of aggregated pustules containing numerous eosinophils and by blood eosinophilia. Most cases were confined to Japan and the authors first observed two cases of typical eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in Korea. In case 1, the skin lesions were grouped uniforrn follicular papules on the erythematous base which intermingled with vesicopustules at the edge of the patches on the mandibular area, the neck and the anterior chest having tendency to central healing and peripheral extension like dermatophytosis. In case 2, the skin lesiens vere groupod uniform follicular papules of 1-2mm in diameter to form patches of 5-10 cm in diameter on the back, the a,nterior chest and the upper examities, some of which were topped with pustules or crusts. In both cases, blood eosinophilia were prominent and the histopathclogic findings showed dermal infiltration and abscesses of predominently eosinophilic leukocytes localized to follicles. The authors made the diagnosis of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis from the characteristic clinical and histopathologic findings.
Abscess ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Folliculitis* ; Japan ; Korea ; Leukocytes ; Neck ; Skin ; Thorax ; Tinea

The addition of epinephrine to local anesthetics for peipheral nerve blocks reduces the risk of local anesthetic toxicity by delaying systemic absorption and prolongs block duration. But there is general agreement that epinephrine causes a decrease in plama K+ in humans that can be associated with a variety of cardiac dysrhythmias. Clonidine, a selective 2 adrenergic agonist, has been reported to increase the local anesthetic effect. And the addition of clonidine to local anesthetics in peripheral nerve block prolongs block duration and postoperative analgesia. The admixture of clonidine or epinephrine to bupivacaine for brachial plexus block was studied with regard to plasma potassium concentrations and hemodynsmie changes. Thirty-three patients of ASA physical statue I and II received an admixture of clonidine (150g; n=11), epinephrine (200g; n=11), or normal saline (placebo; n=11) to 30 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine in a randomized, double blind fashion. There were no differences in arterial blood pressure and heart rate among the three groups. In patients who had received epinephrine admixture, decrease of plasma potassium at 15min after block was significant compared with patients who had received clonidine. Clonidine may be a useful adjunt to loeal anesthetics in those patients in whom the administration of epinephrine is contraindicated.
Absorption ; Adrenergic Agonists ; Analgesia ; Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Local ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Arterial Pressure ; Brachial Plexus* ; Bupivacaine* ; Clonidine* ; Epinephrine* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Nerve Block ; Peripheral Nerves ; Plasma* ; Potassium*