The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for practical HACCP training. A survey was conducted and analysed on 46 contract foodservices: 13 "Appointed" foodservices (appointed by Korean Food & Drug Administration), 17 "Voluntary Applying" foodservices (voluntarily applied HACCP, but not appointed), 16 "Non-applying" foodservices (not applied HACCP). Hygiene knowledge and recognition on job performance levels for HACCP application for 46 dieticians and 361 employees were surveyed. According to the survey, 61.5% of the "Appointed" dieticians took HACCP training from outside the company, 58.8% of "Voluntary Applying" dieticians took in-house HACCP training, and 62.4% of "Non-applying" dieticians have not taken any HACCP training. As for the comparison of hygiene knowledge, total mean of employees (6.38) showed significantly lower average than that of the dieticians (7.82) (p<0.001). From the result for recognition on job performance levels, total mean of dieticians (3.91) indicated generally good performance while employees (3.41) (p<0.001) showed considerably lower recognition. Hygiene knowledge and recognition on job performance levels of both dieticians and employees showed considerably close correlation (p<0.01 or p<0.05).
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points* ; Hygiene* ; Nutritionists*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether polymorphisms of gene encoding CYP1B1 is associated with the risk of endometriosis in Korean women. METHODS: We investigated 199 patients with histopathologically confirmed endometriosis rAFS stage III/IV and 183 control group women who were surgically proven to have no endometriosis. The genetic distribution of four different CYP1B1 polymorphisms at G119-T, G432-C, T449-C, and A453-G were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR products. RESULTS: We found no overall association between each individual CYP1B1 genotype and the risk of endometriosis. The odds ratio of genotype GG/GC+GG/TC+TT/AA compared to GG/CC/CC/AA (reference) was calculated as 2.06 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.003~4.216. CONCLUSIONS: This results suggest that CYP1B1 genetic polymorphism may be associated with development of endometriosis in Korean women.
Endometriosis* ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

The purpose of this study was to investigate effectiveness of sanitization on raw vegetables not heated in foodservice operations. Microbiological examinations of food materials and cooked food with leek Gukgalli were performed in 2 HACCP-implemented foodservices (A and B) appointed by Food and Drug Administrations, and in 2 other foodservices (C and D) not implemented HACCP. 'Washing and sanitizing raw vegetables' were monitored as CCP at A and B foodservices but only washing has been done in pre-preparation at C and D foodservices. Aerobic plate counts of received leek in A and B foodservices were above 10(7) CFU/g indicating very poor microbiological quality. After sanitization treatment (soaking for 5 minutes in chlorine water: chlorine density 50~100 ppm), its aerobic plate counts decreased to 7.06x10(5) CFU/g (A foodservice) and 4.31x10(5) CFU/g (B foodservice), coliform and faecal coliform were not detected. With this result, the effect of microbial reduction by sanitizer was conformed. But, the conditions of leek were still not acceptable by microbiological standards for ready-to-eat foods. After three more times of rinse has been done, the microbial conditions of leek became acceptable. In C and D foodservices, aerobic plate counts of leek showed decreasing trends by 2x4 times of washings but microbiological quality of leek after pre-preparation were unacceptable by microbiological standards for ready-to-eat foods (C foodservice: 3.58x10(5) CFU/g, D foodservice: 1.29x10(9) CFU/g). For the prevention of foodborne illness, sanitizing raw vegetables should be performed during pre-preparation of non-heated foods.
Chlorine ; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points ; Hot Temperature* ; Vegetables* ; Water

Adenoids ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Palate, Hard ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Recurrence ; Salivary Glands ; Scalp ; Treatment Failure ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients are vulnerable to invasive infection by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp). This study was performed to evaluate immune responses after Hib and Sp vaccination in Korean pediatric HCT recipients. METHODS: Patients were prospectively enrolled at Samsung Medical Center during 2009-2011. ELISA tests to detect anti-PRP IgG antibody and antibodies to Sp serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F were performed at the Center for Vaccine Evaluation and Study, Ewha Medical Research Institute. RESULTS: Ten patients (two allogeneic, eight autologous recipients) with median age 5.4 years (range 2.7-12.2 years) were enrolled. Before Hib vaccination, 60% of patients' anti-PRP IgG titers were below 0.15 microg/mL. After vaccination, 100% of patients' anti-PRP IgG titers increased above 0.15 microg/mL (cut-off value for detection) and 1.0 microg/mL (cut-off value for seroprotection). For pneumococcus, in 2-5 year-old patients, pre-vaccination geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of IgG for six serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, and 23F) were below 0.35 microg/mL and at 5 months post-vaccination GMCs of IgG for all seven serotypes increased to above 0.35 microg/mL. In patients older than 5 years, pre-vaccination GMCs of IgG for four serotypes (4, 9V, 14, and 23F) were below 0.35 microg/mL and at 3 months post-vaccination GMCs of IgG for all seven serotypes increased to above 0.35 microg/mL. CONCLUSION: Most HCT recipients had low or no protective antibodies to Hib and Sp before vaccination, but showed good immune responses to protective levels after vaccination.
Academies and Institutes ; Antibodies ; Antibody Formation* ; Cell Transplantation* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Haemophilus influenzae type b* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Prospective Studies ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Transplants* ; Vaccination*

Objectives: . In extracorporeal septoplasty (ECS), the entire septal cartilage is harvested, and a neo-L strut is built extracorporeally. Thus, ECS can simultaneously achieve septum straightening and tip projection. This study evaluated the functional and esthetic outcomes of the ECS technique for rhinoplasty in Asian patients. Methods: . We conducted a retrospective review of 64 patients who underwent rhinoplasty using ECS between January 2016 and March 2018. Subjective patient satisfaction was assessed and objective surgical outcomes were evaluated. Improvement in nasal obstruction was rated using a visual analog scale (VAS). Anthropometric changes were compared between preoperative and postoperative facial photographs. Complications and revisions were also analyzed. Results: . The participants comprised 64 patients (48 males and 16 females, with a mean age of 29.3 years). The mean operative time was 89.3 minutes. In total, 61 patients were satisfied with the esthetic outcome, and the overall objective rhinoplasty outcome score was 3.45. Preoperative nasal obstruction symptoms (7.9±1.2 on VAS) improved postoperatively (3.1±1.3, P<0.001), and significant improvements were also observed in the nasofrontal angle (152.3° to 148.1°, P<0.001), nasolabial angle (88.8° to 92.0°, P<0.001), and nasal tip projection (0.62 to 0.66, P<0.033). Recurrent deviation of the nasal septum and external nose or tip deprojection did not occur in any patients, and there were no cases of revision during the mean follow-up period of 13.3 months. Conclusion . ECS might be an esthetically and functionally satisfactory alternative rhinoplasty technique for Asian patients with a shortage of septal cartilage.

Hypersensitivity reactions to antituberculosis medicine are obstacles to the treatment of tuberculosis. However, rapid drug desensitization can secure successful treatment with essential antituberculosis medicines in pediatric patients. A 17-year-old boy with active pulmonary tuberculosis complained of generalized erythematous rashes, pruritus on the 11th day of tuberculosis treatment. He was diagnosed with hypersensitivity reactions to isoniazid and rifampin by the oral provocation test. After desensitization, the patient continued to take antituberculosis treatment with isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. We report here a case of successful desensitization in an adolescent with hypersensitivity to isoniazid and rifampin.
Adolescent* ; Antitubercular Agents ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Ethambutol ; Exanthema ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Isoniazid* ; Male ; Pruritus ; Pyrazinamide ; Rifampin* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and histopathologic findings that help in decisions about management of ovarian mass in childhood and adolescence. METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the data on 307 patients with surgically treated ovarian mass under 20 years of age at the Cheil General Hospital, between January 1995 and December 2005. RESULTS: Of the 307 cases, 40 cases (13%) were ovarian malignancy. The incidence of malignant ovarian tumor increased to 16.9% in 237 neoplastic tumors. Epithelial, germ cell, and sex-cord stromal malignancies accounted for 57.5%, 30% and 12.5%, respectively, of the 40 ovarian malignancies. The stage of the 35 cases (87.5%) with the ovarian malignancy was the FIGO stage I. The incidence of ovarian malignancies increased with larger size, higher CA125 level. Solid ovarian masses on ultrasound were more likely ovarian malignancy. But age and menarchal status was not correlated with ovarian malignancy. Mature cystic teratoma seen in 132 patients (55.7%), was the most common neoplasm of ovary in this age group, and the incidence of bilaterality was 12.1%. On follow up, 4.9% (13/267) of previously diagnosed benign ovarian tumor were reoperated due to recurred or newly developed ovarian tumor. After cystectomy, the recurrence rate of ipsilateral ovarian tumor was 2.8% (4/142). CONCLUSION: If there is no evidence of malignancy, conservative surgical treatment should be employed to preserve future endocrine function and fertility in this age group.
Adolescent ; Cystectomy ; Female ; Fertility ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germ Cells ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ovary ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Teratoma

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and histopathologic findings that help in decisions about management of ovarian mass in childhood and adolescence. METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the data on 307 patients with surgically treated ovarian mass under 20 years of age at the Cheil General Hospital, between January 1995 and December 2005. RESULTS: Of the 307 cases, 40 cases (13%) were ovarian malignancy. The incidence of malignant ovarian tumor increased to 16.9% in 237 neoplastic tumors. Epithelial, germ cell, and sex-cord stromal malignancies accounted for 57.5%, 30% and 12.5%, respectively, of the 40 ovarian malignancies. The stage of the 35 cases (87.5%) with the ovarian malignancy was the FIGO stage I. The incidence of ovarian malignancies increased with larger size, higher CA125 level. Solid ovarian masses on ultrasound were more likely ovarian malignancy. But age and menarchal status was not correlated with ovarian malignancy. Mature cystic teratoma seen in 132 patients (55.7%), was the most common neoplasm of ovary in this age group, and the incidence of bilaterality was 12.1%. On follow up, 4.9% (13/267) of previously diagnosed benign ovarian tumor were reoperated due to recurred or newly developed ovarian tumor. After cystectomy, the recurrence rate of ipsilateral ovarian tumor was 2.8% (4/142). CONCLUSION: If there is no evidence of malignancy, conservative surgical treatment should be employed to preserve future endocrine function and fertility in this age group.
Adolescent ; Cystectomy ; Female ; Fertility ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germ Cells ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ovary ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Teratoma

Herein, two cases of penile Mondor's disease are described. The first was a 45-year-old man who complained of a small subcutaneous induration, with localized discomfort at the distal rim of the coronal sulcus of the penis. The other was a 46-year-old man who complained of similar symptoms of penile induration. The lesions were surgically removed under local anesthesia, and found to be thromboses of the penile superficial dorsal vein. As a result, the diagnoses of Mondor's disease of the penis were confirmed.
Anesthesia, Local ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penile Diseases ; Penile Induration ; Penis* ; Thrombophlebitis* ; Thrombosis ; Veins*