No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Reproducibility of Results*

No abstract available.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Primary Health Care*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between psychosocial stress, alcohol expectancy, drinking refusal self-efficacy, and drinking behaviors with problematic sexual behaviors in college students. METHODS: Participants were college students (129 males, 67 females) with a mean age of 22.6 years old. Data analysis was done with SPSS 13.0 for descriptive statistics and LISREL 8.53 program for path analysis. RESULTS: The path model showed a good fit to the empirical data (chi2=10.14, P=0.71, GFI=0.98, AGFI=0.94, CFI=0.96, RMSEA=0.07). Our analysis showed that psychosocial stress, drinking refusal self-efficacy, and alcohol expectancy had a significant direct effect on drinking behaviors and that drinking behaviors had a significant direct effect on problematic sexual behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that alcohol prevention or education programs should emphasize stress management and refusal skills training to prevent college students from drinking behaviors and problematic sexual behaviors at the highest risk for various stressors and heavy drinking.
Alcohols ; Disulfiram ; Drinking ; Drinking Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior ; Statistics as Topic

No abstract available.
Coronary Circulation* ; Heart* ; Rats, Inbred SHR*

BACKGROUNDS: Polyamines are known to be essential for cell growth and differentiation. Recently, possible roles of the polyamine in signal transduction as neurotransmitter, modulator, or second messenger are suggested in many studies. Furthermore, it is widely studied that possible roles of polyamine are involved in the action of hormone. Thus, it was to investigate the effect of polyamines in the cell proliferation and secretion of GH from the GH cells. METHODS: Cells(5*10 cells/mL) were incubated for 3 days in DMEM containing test drugs and labeled with 20pCi/mL of [S]-methionine for 2 hr. Proteins secreted into the medium were separated by 13% SDS-gel electrophoresis, then autoradiography was performed to identify radiolabeled proteins. [S]-methionine labelled GH was identified by radioimmuno-precipitation. Total protein synthesis was determined from the radioactivity of the cell homogenate by liquid scintillation counter. The intracellular polyamine content was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: Externally added polyamines(putrescine, spermidine, spermine) induced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner at proper concentrations, specifically 50pM putrescine increased GH secretion, DFMO or MGBG, which is polyamine biosynthetic inhibitor, inhibited GH secretion in a dose-dependent fashion, In the cells treated with 20mM or 0.01mM MGBG, total protein synthesis were decreased only to 90 or 76% of the control levels and cell proliferation was also slightly inhibited. However the secretion of GH was severely blocked to 37% or 35% of the control. Hydrocortisone at 5 pM stimulated the secretion of GH to 153% of basal secretion, also doubled intracellular putrescine content. CONCLUSION: The present data show that externally added polyamines induced cell proliferation and GH secretion. Also, extemally added putrescine stimulated GH secretion significantly. GH secretion was inhibited by polyamine metabolic inhibitor in a dose-dependent manner and polyamine metabolic inhibitors, at proper concentrations, specifically blocked GH secretion without any significant influence on the total protein synthesis. The above results imply the involvement of polyamine in GH secretion.
Autoradiography ; Cell Proliferation ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Electrophoresis ; Growth Hormone ; Hydrocortisone ; Mitoguazone ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Polyamines ; Putrescine ; Radioactivity ; Scintillation Counting ; Second Messenger Systems ; Signal Transduction ; Spermidine

BACKGROUND: The apnea test is an essential component in the clinical determination of brain death, however it may incur a significant risk of complications such as hypotension, hypoxia and even cardiac arrest. We analyzed the risk factors associated with a failed apnea test during brain death assessment in order to predict and avoid these adverse events. METHODS: Medical records on apnea tests performed for brain-dead donors at our institution between January 2009 and January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, etiology of brain death, use of catecholamines and results of arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure prior to apnea test initiation were collected as variables. A-a gradient and P(aO2)/F(iO2) were calculated for more precise assessment of the respiratory system. In total, 267 cases were divided into two groups based on those who completed the apnea test and those who failed the test. RESULTS: 13 cases failed the apnea test. Among them, seven cases failed due to severe hypotension (SBP < 60 mmHg) and the others failed due to refractory hypoxia. In terms of hemodynamic state, SBP was significantly higher in the completed test group than the failed group (126.5 ± 23.9 vs. 103 ± 15.2, respectively; p = 0.001). In ABGA, the completed test group showed significantly higher P(aO2)/F(iO2) (313.6 ± 229.8 vs. 141.5 ± 131.0, respectively; p = 0.008) and a lower A-a gradient (278.2 ± 209.5 vs. 506.2 ± 173.1, respectively; p = 0.000). In multivariable analysis, low SBP (p = 0.003) and high A-a gradient (p = 0.044) were independent risk factors associated with a failed apnea test. CONCLUSIONS: Although the unexpected adverse events during the apnea test for brain death determination do not occur frequently, they can be fatal. If a brain-dead patient has low SBP and a high A-a gradient, clinicians should pay more attention and prepare for potential complications prior to the apnea test.
Anoxia ; Apnea* ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Blood Pressure ; Brain Death* ; Brain* ; Catecholamines ; Causality ; Central Venous Pressure ; Heart Arrest ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Medical Records ; Respiratory System ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Tissue Donors

No abstract available.
Deoxycholic Acid* ; Phosphatidylcholines* ; Prurigo*