Background: The direct entry of the camera under the epiglottis may provide a better view of the glottis than the indirect lifting of the epiglottis by placing the Macintosh blade tip on the vallecula when using the video laryngoscope. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of two different methods of lifting the epiglottis during the visualization of glottis using video laryngoscopy in the same patient. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 60 patients who underwent general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. In each patient, glottic views were obtained by directly (group DE) and indirectly lifting the epiglottis (group IE). These two methods were compared using the modified Cormack and Lehane grade and the percentage of glottis opening (POGO) score as assessment parameters. Results: Modified Cormack and Lehane grade showed a significant difference between the groups DE and IE (P = 0.004). The difference in the POGO score between the groups DE and IE was also statistically significant (87.5% and 64.4%, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions Our results, therefore, revealed that the method of directly lifting epiglottis was better at exposing glottis than the method of indirectly lifting epiglottis using a video laryngoscope.

Background: The direct entry of the camera under the epiglottis may provide a better view of the glottis than the indirect lifting of the epiglottis by placing the Macintosh blade tip on the vallecula when using the video laryngoscope. This study aimed to compare the efficiency of two different methods of lifting the epiglottis during the visualization of glottis using video laryngoscopy in the same patient. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 60 patients who underwent general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. In each patient, glottic views were obtained by directly (group DE) and indirectly lifting the epiglottis (group IE). These two methods were compared using the modified Cormack and Lehane grade and the percentage of glottis opening (POGO) score as assessment parameters. Results: Modified Cormack and Lehane grade showed a significant difference between the groups DE and IE (P = 0.004). The difference in the POGO score between the groups DE and IE was also statistically significant (87.5% and 64.4%, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions Our results, therefore, revealed that the method of directly lifting epiglottis was better at exposing glottis than the method of indirectly lifting epiglottis using a video laryngoscope.

Purpose: Myofascial syndrome is a chronic muscle pain caused by repetitive motions with stress-related muscle tension. This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the evidence for diagnosing myofascial pain syndrome in trapezius muscle using a pressure algometer and surface electromyography. Methods: The experiments were performed using a total of 10 subjects, and the target locations were determined by means of a pressure algometer in the right upper trapezius muscle. The part with the lowest pain value as the trigger point and the part with the highest pain value as the non-pain trigger point were selected for measuring the locations. The median frequency and average frequency were measured in those locations with electromyography. To check the muscle fatigue, the upper trapezius muscle was moved up and down for 2 seconds at 5-second intervals in 30 seconds. The measured values were evaluated using the independent paired t-test and MannWhitney U-test. Results: The median frequency at the non-trigger point (13.7) was significantly higher than that at the trigger point (7.3). Furthermore, the mean frequency (14.7) at the non-trigger point was significantly higher than that at the trigger point (6.3). Conclusion The results showed the correlations between the trigger points of the muscle pain and frequency analysis of surface electromyography. Thus, this study may be possible to use as a diagnostic tool for myofascial pain syndrome.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) following solid organ transplantation is an important form of post-transplant malignancy. PTLD is typically associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and occurs in the setting of immunosuppression resulting in a deficiency of EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PTLD encompasses heterogeneous lymphoproliferative diseases, from polyclonal proliferation resembling infectious mononucleosis to aggressive monomorphic proliferation such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Clinically, PTLD is usually manifested as lymph nodal mass or extranodal mass of solid organs such as liver, transplanted kidney, tonsil, bone marrow or spleen. The authors experienced very rare case of PTLD manifested as a single mass in a native kidney. According to a review of the literature, this is a rare case of PTLD which developed in a native kidney after kidney transplantation. Initially under the impression of renal cell carcinoma, unilateral nephrectomy of the native kidney had performed, and after confirmed as PTLD by histologic diagnosis the patient had treated with reduction of immunosuppressants and chemotheraphy for PTLD, and eventually has got in complete remission.
Bone Marrow ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation ; Liver ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; Nephrectomy ; Organ Transplantation ; Palatine Tonsil ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; Transplants

A tuberculous psoas abscess is a frequently described complication of tuberculous spondylitis. Although rare, a tuberculous psoas abscess can develop without any demonstrable spinal involvement. In patients with no evidence of sponylitis, the abscess may result from direct spread from the involved lymph node or via a hematogeous route. The treatment of a psoas abscess is either drug therapy or surgical intervention in conjunction with drug therapy. Image-guided percutaneous drainage in conjunction with drug therapy is also a safe and effective treatment for a tuberculous psoas abscess. We report an unusual case of bilateral tuberculous psoas abscesses without any concomitant spinal involvement. The tuberculous psoas abscess may have formed by fistulization between the necrotic lymph node and psoas sheath. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography and a histology examination of the biopsy sample. The patient improved after administering anti-tuberculous agents for 2 years along with surgical and percutaneous drainage of the abscess.
Abscess ; Biopsy ; Drainage ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Psoas Abscess ; Spondylitis ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.
Bone Density* ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Humans

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out how gait training with shoulder-back assistive device affects dynamic and static balance, gait of patients with stroke and to help improve body alignment, balance, and gait ability in stroke patients. Methods: Measurements were taken of the 20 subjects before intervention without shoulder-back assistive device, after intervention with device, and follow up after an hour compared. Berg balance scale used to evaluate dynamic balance; wii balance board was used to measure static balance; and gait ability were measured by timed up and go test and 10-meter walk test. To analyze the results, a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was implemented to compare the measurements. Results: The results showed that, after wearing the shoulder-back assistive device, the subjects’ dynamic balance statistically significantly improved; no statistically significant difference was observed in static balance, although their balance ability was enhanced; and their increase in gait ability was statistically significant. Conclusion This study proved that gait training combined with a shoulder-back assistive device positively impacted dynamic and static balance, gait of patients with stroke.

BACKGROUND: With prolonged life expectancies, mental illness has emerged as a disabling disorder among people with HIV. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of depression and its risk factors among Korean patients with HIV infections. Eighty-two HIV-infected patients completed structured questionnaires including the Beck Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Subjects with depression were compared to those without depression in terms of demographics, comorbidities, CD4 T-cell count, RNA copy numbers, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens, and adherence. RESULTS: The estimated depression rate was 21% (17 of 82 subjects). Comorbidities (47% vs. 20%, P = 0.01) and unemployment (65% vs. 31%, P = 0.02) were risk factors for depression. Depressive patients were more likely to be anxious (71% vs. 29%, P < 0.01), to frequently miss clinical appointments each year (P = 0.04), and to have higher cumulative time lost to follow-up per month (P <0.01) compared to non-depressive patients. Only three depressive patients were referred to neuropsychologists. CONCLUSIONS: More than 20% of the Korean HIV patients in this study suffered from depression associated with poor adherence. Considering the low level of recognition of depression by clinicians, risk factor-based active assessment is recommended to manage depression properly in HIV-infected patients.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Anxiety ; Appointments and Schedules ; Coat Protein Complex I ; Comorbidity ; Demography ; Depression ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Life Expectancy ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; RNA ; T-Lymphocytes ; Unemployment ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Pancreatic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare, and most cases occur as congenital anomalies. Many patients with AVM are asymptomatic, but occasionally present with abdominal pain or gastrointestinal bleeding. The increased portal vein flow that forms these malformations can lead to portal hypertension and gastrointestinal bleeding in the absence of primary liver pathology. Early diagnosis can lead to successful surgical resection or percutaneous transarterial embolization. We report a case of a patient with pancreatic AVM in the tail of the pancreas, in which endoscopic ultrasonography was helpful. This patient presented with abdominal pain and was subsequently treated with distal pancreatectomy.
Abdominal Pain ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Early Diagnosis ; Endosonography ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Liver ; Pancreas ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancreatitis ; Portal Vein

The current best treatment for HCV infection is combination therapy with PEG-interferon and ribavirin. This combination therapy has markedly increased the number of sustained virologic responders but is associated with various side effects, especially hematological abnormalities. We recently experienced a 45-year-old man who developed PEG-interferon induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and retinal premacular hemorrhage. The worsening hemolysis after ribavirin withdrawal and exclusion of other causes implicated PEG-interferon as the cause of the AIHA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported from Korea. Treatment with PEG-interferon requires careful follow-up, as it can induce or exacerbate autoimmune diseases.
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemolysis ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis C ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinaldehyde ; Ribavirin