No abstract available.
Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Osteoporosis* ; Physicians, Primary Care* ; Primary Health Care*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Cardiovascular adverse events (AEs) after use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors have been reported and suspected since the launch of DPP-4 inhibitors in 2006. However, few studies have investigated the association between cardiovascular AEs and DPP-4 inhibitors. The objective of this study is to detect the signals of cardiovascular AEs after use of DPP-4 inhibitors by analyzing the Korea Institute of Drug Safety & Risk Management-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System Database (KIDS-KD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on the use of oral antidiabetic drugs from 2008 to 2016 were extracted from KIDS-KD, and analyzed descriptively. Data mining was conducted by calculating three indices, which were proportional reporting ratios, reporting odds ratios, and information components, to detect signals from use of all oral antidiabetic drugs including DPP-4 inhibitors. Then, the suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were confirmed by signal detection, and drug label information between the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration were compared. RESULTS: Cardiovascular AEs after taking DPP-4 inhibitors were detected in only three (1.0%) out of a total of 307 AE reports. Two of the three cardiovascular AEs were reported after using sitagliptin and one using gemiglipitin, but these were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Analysis of spontaneous ADR reports data on the use of DPP-4 inhibitors could not showed the association between DPP-4 inhibitors and cardiovascular AEs, due to a small number of cardiovascular AEs reports.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Data Mining ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Korea ; Odds Ratio ; Pharmacovigilance ; Sitagliptin Phosphate ; United States Food and Drug Administration

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Qualitative oculomotor abnormalities have been reported in parkinsonian patients for many years, but conflicting results have been obtained. This study was performed to evaluate the correlation between the severity of the disease and the abnormalities of the ocular movements in idiopathic parkinson's disease. METHODS: We gave the vestibular function tests in patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease and normal controls. Eye movement recordings were made with automated electronystagmography and rotation test was performed. A total of 46 patients (mean age : 61.2+/-6.7) and 24 controls (mean age : 60.5+/-4.3) were studied. The severity of the disease was divided into two groups by modified Hoehn & Yahr staging ; H-Y stage 1 and 2 as a mild group and stage 3 and 4 as a severe group. RESULTS: Saccadic latency and accuracy, pursuitic gain and velocity, vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) suppression by vision were significantly altered in patients, whereas mean velocity of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and VOR gain in darkness were normal. Alteration of saccadic latency and accuracy, pursuitic gain and velocity, VOR suppression by vision were profound in the severe group compared with a mild group and controls, but the above parameters did not differ between a mild group and controls. In a hemiparkinson's group, saccadic latency and accuracy, pursuitic gain, OKN mean velocity and gain was not different between the both sides. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that severe Parkinson's disease damages nigrostriatal or other specific pathways which were involved in the regulation of the saccadic, pursuitic and pursuitic-mediated visual fixation system. In a hemiparkinson's group asymmetric damage of dopaminergic innervation which was involved in the regulation of ocular movements was not found.
Darkness ; Electronystagmography ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Nystagmus, Optokinetic ; Parkinson Disease* ; Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular ; Vestibular Function Tests

Preoperative fasting is prescribed for a certain period before operations or procedures in which patients are not allowed oral intake to prevent aspiration of gastric content. Fasting recommendations prohibit the consumption of a heavy meal for 8 hours, a light meal or milk for 6 hours, and breast milk for 4 hours, and permit the consumption of clear liquid until 2 hours before an operation. However, sometimes, in an emergency situation such as increased intra-cranial or intraabdominal pressure and other trauma, the recommended fasting time might not be an absolute policy for preventing the aspiration of gastric content because the disease or trauma itself causes changes on the esophageal sphincter pressure, volume of the gastric content, and pH of the gastric fluid. Preparation of a safe anesthetic technique and appropriate preoperative medications can be helpful in preventing aspiration pneumonitis in an emergency situation.
Emergencies* ; Fasting* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Meals ; Milk ; Milk, Human ; Pneumonia*

Even with the rapid development of pediatric postoperative pain management, pediatric patients have remained undertreated for postoperative pain because of difficulty in pain assessment and concerns regarding side effects of opioid analgesics. Although there are no perfect pain assessment techniques and no absolutely safe analgesics, proper monitoring and an individualized analgesic plan after due consideration of age, operative procedures, and underlying illness, using multimodal analgesics may improve the quality of pain control in children.
Analgesics ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Child* ; Humans ; Pain Measurement ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Pediatrics ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Whole body magnetic resonance imaging (WB MRI) has become feasible and enables fast scan throughout the body. This technique is based on a real-time gradient-echo imaging and sliding table platform (rolling table concept, which eliminates time-consuming repositioning of patients and surface coils). MRI scanners of the latest generation use high field MRI units of >1.5 Tesla (T), and are reported to have upgraded capabilities in terms of temporal and spatial resolution due to improved signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) under high magnetic-field strength conditions. The diagnostic accuracy of the whole-body staging strategies of PET/CT and MRI are established. As a start of tumor staging through whole body imaging, PET/CT showed superior performances in T and N staging than WB MRI using 1.5T MR system. But, both imaging procedures showed a similar performance in detecting distant metastases. In a recent report on staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whole body MR imaging proved to be effective as much as PET/CT in T, N, and M staging. In addition, there were organs of strength for each modality in the detection of metastasis. Therefore, whole-body MRI/ PET would be suggested as a future diagnostic procedure of choice for the whole-body imaging with synergistic effects and reduced radiation exposure.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Whole Body Imaging

BACKGROUND: It is debatable whether psychiatric problems are overrepresented in the epileptic patient population. In addition, the significance of MMPI elevations in epileptic patients is still uncertain. This study attempted to find out MMPI profile characteristics of patients with medically refractory epilepsy (MRE). METHODS: MMPI was administered to 172 MRE patients and 139 normal controls. RESULTS: In terms of the mean value of MMPI scales, the MRE patients group had normal mean values comparable to the normal control group. However, the MRE patients could be classified into three subgroups by a multivariate cluster analysis, which include a subgroup with normal profile group (41% of patients), neurotic profile group (elevated Hs-D-Hy scales; 19% of patients), and psychiatric profile group (elevated Pa-Pt- Sc & Hs-D-Hy scales; 40% of patients). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the majority of MRE patients have abnormal MMPI profiles and suggests that psychiatric disorders or problems might be common in MRE patients. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(3):226~231, 2001)
Epilepsy* ; Humans ; MMPI* ; Psychotic Disorders ; Weights and Measures

Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution ; Carbon Monoxide ; Cohort Studies ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Korea ; Nitrogen Dioxide ; Particulate Matter ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Sulfur Dioxide

PURPOSE: This study was done to analyze the trend of theory application in articles published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration (JKANA) over the last 10 years. METHODS: Four hundred and eighty-five articles were reviewed to determine the scope of theory-applied research. General characteristics, study design and keywords classification by nursing meta-paradigm were analyzed using established analysis framework. RESULTS: Twenty-four articles (4.9%) were identified as theory-applied research publications. More than half of the articles (54.2%) stated that a theoretical framework was used; the number of theories used in the 24 articles was 27 including nine nursing theories. The majority of the studies were conducted in hospital settings. In the keyword classification by nursing meta-paradigm, 28 environment-related keywords were identified but only 7 keywords were related to health. CONCLUSION: The results show that theory application in Korean nursing administration research is very limited. It is necessary to create a positive educational environment for graduate students to learn about nursing theories as well as theories from other disciplines. In addition, different levels of nursing theories should be continuously developed in the field of nursing administration.
Classification ; Humans ; Nursing Administration Research ; Nursing Research ; Nursing Theory ; Nursing