PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the efficiencies of the supination to the hyperpronation method in reducing radial head subluxations. METHODS: This randomized, prospective study was done in a tertiary urban emergency medical center from January 2003 through December 2003. Inclusion criteria included age < 7 years with a clinical diagnosis of radial head subluxation. Exclusion criteria included point tenderness, echymosis, edema, deformity, and persistent pain. Patients were randomized for trearment by using either the supination or the hyperpronation method. The initial method was repeated if elbow function did not return 15 minutes after the reduction attempt. If the second attempt also failed, radiography of the elbow was performed. If the patient revisited the emergency medical center or orthopedic outpatient department within 24 hours with same complaint, we considered the attempt to be a failure. RESULTS: A total of 140 patients were enrolled in the study. The demographic characteristics of the two groups were similar. Seventy-two of the 75 patients (96%) randomly chosen for hyperpronation were reduced successfully on the first attempt versus 53 of 65 patients (81.5%) randomly chosen for supination (p=0.043). Seventy-four of 75 patients (98.7%) in the hyperpronation group were reduced successfully versus 61 of 65 patients (95.4%) in the supination group (p=0.183). For five patients, 4 patients in the supination group and 1 patient in the hyperpronation group, the reduction failed. CONCLUSION: Overall, in the reduction of radial head subluxations, there was no difference of success rate between the supination method and the hyperpronation method. However, the success rate of the hyperpronation method on the first attempt was superior to that of the supination method. We suggest that emergency physicians had better use the hyperpronation method rather than the supination method.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Elbow ; Emergencies ; Head* ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Outpatients ; Pronation ; Prospective Studies ; Radiography ; Radius ; Supination

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify factors affecting cognitive function in stomach cancer patients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study designed to obtain data from stomach cancer patients. The Global Assessment of Recent Stress, Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale, Distress Thermometer, Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and electronic medical records were used to assess stress, anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and cognitive function, respectively. RESULTS: Among 182 total participants, there were statistically significant differences in sex between the group of patients who received chemotherapy and those who did not (χ2=5.32, p=.029). There were statistically significant differences in stress and cognitive function between the two groups. The factors affecting cognitive function in stomach cancer patients included distress, stress, anxiety, and depression. CONCLUSION: Cognitive function should be examined with consideration of the psychological distress, stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with stomach cancer. Moreover, an improved program to manage cognitive function is needed, which includes mediation between psychological and physiological factors including stress, anxiety, and cognitive level.
Anxiety ; Cognition* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Drug Therapy ; Electronic Health Records ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach* ; Stress, Psychological ; Thermometers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the recent trend of indication for pregnancy termination. METHOD: From 1993 to 2000, 1,087 cases of termination out of 61,842 cases of deliveries in Samsung cheil hospital were analyzed. We reviewed retrospectively the data-base and charts of delivery, and analyzed the indication for pregnancy termination. RESULTS: Among 61,842 cases of deliveries, indications of pregnancy termination were fetal structure anomalies in 399 cases (0.7%), IUFD in 261 cases (0.4%), PROM in 215 cases (0.4%), chromosomal anomalies in 138 cases (0.2%), anhydroamnios in 32 cases (0.05%), rubella infection of mother or fetus in 24 cases (0.04%), and others in 20 cases (0.03%). Autopsy was performed in 242 cases of fetal anomalies (60.7%), 116 cases of UIFD (44%), and 59 cases of fetal chromosomal abnormalities (43%). The cases of chromosomal anomaly as indication of termination increased and rubella infection of mother or fetus decreased recently, and it is statistically significant r=0.95(P=0.00) and r=-0.73(P=0.04). The fetal weight terminated due to PROM is significantly decreased (Y=517-26 x year P=0.002). CONCLUSION: The indications of termination for fetal chromosomal abnormalities were increased, but for rubella infections were decreased. In cases of PROM, the terminated fetal weight were significantly decreased. However, no change was observed in cases of fetal anomaly, IUFD,and PROM.
Autopsy ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Fetal Weight ; Fetus ; Humans ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Rubella