PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between test anxiety and mental health in adolescents. METHOD: The subjects were 450 students of two academic high schools in J City, who were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected through a survey using a structured questionnaire from September 1st to 15th 2005. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 for Windows through descriptive analysis, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and stepwise multiple regression. RESULT: The mean score of test anxiety was 2.40 (range:1.13-3.81) and that of mental health was 2.77 (range:0.64-5.03). A significant negative correlation was observed between test anxiety and mental health (r=-0.28, p=.000). Test anxiety was significantly different according to adolescents' general characters such as gender (t=-1.98, p=.048), grade (F=3.54, p=.030), school life satisfaction (F=10.73, p=.000) and relationship with the teacher (F=11.60, p=.000). Mental health was significantly different according to adolescents' general characters such as religion (t=2.14, p=.032) and school life satisfaction (F=4.13, p=.017). The most powerful predictor of mental health was test anxiety and it, combined with religion, accounted for 9.0% of variance in mental health in adolescents. CONCLUSION: Test anxiety and mental health was found to be in a significant negative correlation with each other in adolescents. Therefore, nursing intervention programs for adolescents needs to reduce their test anxiety to improve their mental health.
Adolescent* ; Anxiety* ; Humans ; Mental Health* ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Nephritis* ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is difference in the effects of aromatherapy on dysmenorrhea by research design. METHODS: Findings from the two different research designs (Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest [NCG] design vs. two-group crossover design) were compared in regard to the effect of aromatherapy on dysmenorrhea. The subjects of the NCG design and the crossover design were a total of 58 female nursing students. The treatments (aroma essential oil inhalation and carrier oil inhalation) were given using a necklace. The data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, paired t-test, and Shapiro-Wilk test using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. The effect size for the two research designs was calculated. RESULTS: In both research designs, the level of dysmenorrhea and menstrual pain after the aroma treatment were not significantly different from those after the placebo treatment. The effect size of the NCG design was higher than that of the crossover design. CONCLUSION: Aroma inhalation may not be effective in managing dysmenorrhea and menstrual pain. In order to further clarify the efficiency of research design and the effect of aromatherapy on discomfort during menstruation, replication studies are necessary. Future studies need to examine the effects of different research design on non-interval variables.
Aromatherapy ; Cross-Over Studies ; Dysmenorrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Menstruation ; Research Design ; Students, Nursing

No abstract available.

To evaluate surgically induced astigmatism in cataract surgery, we studied retrospectively a series of 30 eyes with 6.5mm sutureless frown incision(Group 1) and 30 eyes with linear scleral tunnel incision and 3 interrupt sutures using 100 nylon(Group 2). In all cases phacoemulsifications were performed and posterior chamber lenses were implanted. Group 1 showed the against-the-rule astigmatism at postoperative 2 week, and then the change of the astigmatism was minimal and still against-the-rule by postoperative 6 week and 3 month. In contrast, Group 2 showed with-therule astigmatism at postoperative 2 week and then showed the against-the-rule by postoperative 6 week and 3 month. There was no significant difference in the proportion of corrected visual acuity of 0.5 or better between two groups at postoperative 3 month, while uncorrected visual acuity of 0.5 or better was 93.3% in group 2, and 30.0% in group 1 at postoperative 3 month. In this study, it was found that the pattern of surgically induced astigmatism and uncorrected visual outcome in cataract surgery were different according to incision and suture techniques.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Nylons* ; Phacoemulsification ; Retrospective Studies ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures* ; Visual Acuity

We compared the diagnostic accuracy of the simple x-ray with that of the computed tomography, and analyzed the surgical results according to the timing of operation in 52 patients with suspected orbital blowout fractures who complained diplopia after midfacial trauma. Of all the cases, 40 orbital fractures were confirmed with CT and forced duction test and the remaining 12 patients were thought to have transient functional impairment because the clinical signs were resolved with time. CT detected all the 40 actual fractures, so the dignostic accuracy(100%) was higher than that of the simple x-ray(75%) which detected 30 fractures of the 40 actual fractures(p=0.001). We operated 19 patients who have persistent diplopia, enophthalmos of more than 2 mm, and large fracture defect, and there was significant improvement of symptoms and signs in patients on whom operations were performed within 2 weeks after trauma rather than after 2 weeks.
Diagnosis* ; Diplopia ; Enophthalmos ; Humans ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures

To evaluate the efficacy of the intracanalicular silicone plug in dry eye, we performed lower horizontal canalicular occlusion with the Herrick lacrimal plug Twenty-eight of the 34 eyes(81 %) were able to discontinue or reduce to occasional use of the instillation of artificial tears and the remaining unsatisfactory 6 eyes were investigated by radiologic study for silicone plug. In 2 eyes, the plugs were invisible in radiologic study and the canaliculi were occluded repeatedly. In one of the four eyes with their plugs in place, upper canaliculus was occluded additionally. By thorough evaluation of the status of the plug by radiologic study and secondary attempt. 31 of the 34 eyes(91%) were able to discontinue or reduce to occasional use of the instillation of artificial tears. The intracanalicular plug has no protruded portion out of the puntum, so complications such as reflex tearing, conjunctival irritation, and loss of plug through the punctum, were not occurred. Waters' view with soft tissue density was effective in demonstration of silicone intracanalicular plug.
Dry Eye Syndromes* ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Reflex ; Silicones* ; Tears

BACKGROUND: Recent advances have been made in the treatment of acute stroke, but the effectiveness of the new therapies is highly time-dependent. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the time from symptom onset to hospital arrival and the total arrival delay time for patients with acute stroke. METHODS: A prospective registry of patients presenting to the ED with signs or symptoms of acute stroke was established at Ewha Womans University Mokdong and Dongdaeumn hospitals from March to December 1999. We analyzed the prehospital delay time(reaction interval and total arrival delay) and factors associated with delayed arrival at the hospital. RESULTS: The study included 256 patients(49% were women) with a mean age of 62+/-13 years. 50.9% of the patients arrived within 3 hours, and 94.9% patients arrived within 24 hours after onset of symptoms of acute stroke. The total arrival delay time was 180 minutes(median time), and the reaction interval was 60 minutes(median time). Transportation by 119 or 129 ambulances was linked to shorter delay(47 minutes). Age, mental status, and degree of disability were statistically significant factors associated with delayed arrival at the hospital. CONCLUSION: Age, mental status, and degree of disability were significant factors associated with delayed arrival at the hospital. For effective treatment of acute stroke patients, increased public awareness to use an ambulance with direct transport to the acute-care hospital required.
Ambulances ; Female ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke* ; Transportation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine core nursing intervention in nursing records and to compare perceived nursing intervention priority and nursing intervention frequency of general surgery department. METHODS: Subjects were 70 nurses who work in the general surgery department. Data was collected using a nursing intervention classification and analyzed by frequency and mean. RESULTS: The most frequent nursing interventions of nursing records were orderly risk management, coping assistance, tissue perfusion management, skin/wound management and nutrition support. Important nursing interventions were tissue perfusion management, respiratory management, electrolyte acid-base management, elimination, peri-operative care. The most frequent nursing interventions were drug management, peri-operative care, risk management, tissue perfusion management, patient education. CONCLUSION: This study found that nursing records were different from intervention priority and nursing frequency. So further study is needed for finding focused intervention of specific subjects and differences with priority of nursing and frequency of nursing.
Nursing Records ; Patient Education as Topic ; Perfusion ; Risk Management

We report a case of xanthoma disseminatum in a 24 year old male paitient. Multiple yellow-brown papules developed on the flexor aurfaces, such as the neck, axillae, antecubital fossae, groin, and perianal regions. Some papules were detected arouns the eyes and uvulai. biopsy specimen revealed a dense infiltrate of histiocytes, foam cells, Touton giant cells, and other inflammatory cells. No Langerhans granules were seen in the electron microscopic analysis.
Axilla ; Biopsy ; Foam Cells ; Giant Cells ; Groin ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell* ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Xanthomatosis* ; Young Adult