PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between test anxiety and mental health in adolescents. METHOD: The subjects were 450 students of two academic high schools in J City, who were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected through a survey using a structured questionnaire from September 1st to 15th 2005. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 for Windows through descriptive analysis, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and stepwise multiple regression. RESULT: The mean score of test anxiety was 2.40 (range:1.13-3.81) and that of mental health was 2.77 (range:0.64-5.03). A significant negative correlation was observed between test anxiety and mental health (r=-0.28, p=.000). Test anxiety was significantly different according to adolescents' general characters such as gender (t=-1.98, p=.048), grade (F=3.54, p=.030), school life satisfaction (F=10.73, p=.000) and relationship with the teacher (F=11.60, p=.000). Mental health was significantly different according to adolescents' general characters such as religion (t=2.14, p=.032) and school life satisfaction (F=4.13, p=.017). The most powerful predictor of mental health was test anxiety and it, combined with religion, accounted for 9.0% of variance in mental health in adolescents. CONCLUSION: Test anxiety and mental health was found to be in a significant negative correlation with each other in adolescents. Therefore, nursing intervention programs for adolescents needs to reduce their test anxiety to improve their mental health.
Adolescent* ; Anxiety* ; Humans ; Mental Health* ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

To evaluate surgically induced astigmatism in cataract surgery, we studied retrospectively a series of 30 eyes with 6.5mm sutureless frown incision(Group 1) and 30 eyes with linear scleral tunnel incision and 3 interrupt sutures using 100 nylon(Group 2). In all cases phacoemulsifications were performed and posterior chamber lenses were implanted. Group 1 showed the against-the-rule astigmatism at postoperative 2 week, and then the change of the astigmatism was minimal and still against-the-rule by postoperative 6 week and 3 month. In contrast, Group 2 showed with-therule astigmatism at postoperative 2 week and then showed the against-the-rule by postoperative 6 week and 3 month. There was no significant difference in the proportion of corrected visual acuity of 0.5 or better between two groups at postoperative 3 month, while uncorrected visual acuity of 0.5 or better was 93.3% in group 2, and 30.0% in group 1 at postoperative 3 month. In this study, it was found that the pattern of surgically induced astigmatism and uncorrected visual outcome in cataract surgery were different according to incision and suture techniques.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Nylons* ; Phacoemulsification ; Retrospective Studies ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures* ; Visual Acuity

We compared the diagnostic accuracy of the simple x-ray with that of the computed tomography, and analyzed the surgical results according to the timing of operation in 52 patients with suspected orbital blowout fractures who complained diplopia after midfacial trauma. Of all the cases, 40 orbital fractures were confirmed with CT and forced duction test and the remaining 12 patients were thought to have transient functional impairment because the clinical signs were resolved with time. CT detected all the 40 actual fractures, so the dignostic accuracy(100%) was higher than that of the simple x-ray(75%) which detected 30 fractures of the 40 actual fractures(p=0.001). We operated 19 patients who have persistent diplopia, enophthalmos of more than 2 mm, and large fracture defect, and there was significant improvement of symptoms and signs in patients on whom operations were performed within 2 weeks after trauma rather than after 2 weeks.
Diagnosis* ; Diplopia ; Enophthalmos ; Humans ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures

To evaluate the efficacy of the intracanalicular silicone plug in dry eye, we performed lower horizontal canalicular occlusion with the Herrick lacrimal plug Twenty-eight of the 34 eyes(81 %) were able to discontinue or reduce to occasional use of the instillation of artificial tears and the remaining unsatisfactory 6 eyes were investigated by radiologic study for silicone plug. In 2 eyes, the plugs were invisible in radiologic study and the canaliculi were occluded repeatedly. In one of the four eyes with their plugs in place, upper canaliculus was occluded additionally. By thorough evaluation of the status of the plug by radiologic study and secondary attempt. 31 of the 34 eyes(91%) were able to discontinue or reduce to occasional use of the instillation of artificial tears. The intracanalicular plug has no protruded portion out of the puntum, so complications such as reflex tearing, conjunctival irritation, and loss of plug through the punctum, were not occurred. Waters' view with soft tissue density was effective in demonstration of silicone intracanalicular plug.
Dry Eye Syndromes* ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Reflex ; Silicones* ; Tears

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation modeling on the reproductive health behavior of single women with sexual experiences. This study employed Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). METHODS: The data were collected after receipt of consent from 250 single women with sexual experiences, and analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. RESULTS: Model fit indices for the hypothetical model were suitable for the recommended level: x²=362.407, RMR=0.065, RMSEA=0.070, GFI=0.867. TLI=0.927, CFI=0.938, IFI=0.939, and x²/dF=2.237. Intention showed direct effect with the biggest effect being on reproductive health behavior. Attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control were found to have a direct effect on intention. Among them, perceived behavioral control revealed the largest influence. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the TPB is a suitable model in explaining the reproductive health behavior of single women with sexual experience. Strategic plans for educational and intervention programs should be aimed to encourage single women to engage in reproductive health behavior.
Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Reproductive Health* ; Single Person*

Over the past 30 years, there has been an increase in the incidence of multifetal pregna-ncies, primarily because of the introduction of ovarian stimulants for ovulation induction and assisted reproductive technology ( ART ) in infertile patients. It is well established that multifetal pregnancies are associated with an increased frequency of the maternal complications and gre-ater perinatal morbidity and mortyality. The adverse outcome of multifetal pregnancies is dire-ctly proportional to the number of fetuses, primarily as an consequence of prterm delivery. Re-duction in the number of fetuses in multifetal pregnancies has been proposed as a way to impr-ove the perinatal outcome in this situation. Therefore, selective fetal reduction ( SFR ) is sugges-ted as a therapeutic option for continuation of pregnancy with fetuses mature enough to survi-ve. In this paper, we report our infertility clinic experiences with 6 patients who carried mult- ifetal pregnancies including 1 quintuplet, 1 quadruplet, and 4 triplets. from January, 1991 to May, 1996, transabdominal SFR was accomplished by fetal intrathoracic KCl injection at 9~10 weeks of gestation. After the prcedure, 4 patients remained as twin pregnancies, and 2 patients as single pregnancy. There have been 3 sets of twin deliveries and the 2 sets of single delivery. One case was aborted. Two patients were delivered after 37 weeks of gestation, 2 patients were at 35 weeks, and 1 patient at 24 weeks. All babies have been healthy after birth in patients after 35 weeks gestation. There was no fetal anomaly related to the procedure in the 6 cases. We concluded that transabdominal SFR is a rather safe and useful procedure that may improve the outcome of multifetal pregnancies.
Fetus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Ovulation Induction ; Parturition ; Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Quadruplets ; Quintuplets ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Triplets ; Twins

Infantile digital fibromatoais is a rare benign tumor on fingers and toes of infants and childhood characterized by fibroblaatic proliferation. A 6 months old male infant had a bean sized, flesh nodule on th left 3rd finger. The lesion was noted at 3 days after birth and surgically removed at 7 months old, However, a new lesion developed at the margin of the ald lesion 2 months later. The second patient was a 21 months old female who had two bean sized, flesh nodules on the right 4th snd 5th fingers. The lesion was first noted at 12 months and regressed spontaneously at 30 months without specific interventiona. Histopathological examination of the two cases showed eosinophiric ntracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, charateristic for infantile digital fibromatosis.
Female ; Fibroma* ; Fingers ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; Infant ; Male ; Parturition ; Recurrence ; Toes

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the trends and the effects of intervention related to ADHD children by meta-analysis. METHODS: After review of 200 articles released from 1990 to 2009 from RISS, KISS, and DBpia, 26 studies was conducted to determine methodological data, 362 research variables, using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: Effects size of overall intervention is 1.32 which is high level in terms of Cohen criteria. The greatest effect of intervention is obtained from cognitive behavior control training (1.79). Also art therapy (1.29) and social skill training (0.97) are highly effective whereas parents education (0.66) is only moderate effective. Duration of each session and numbers of session are influential in cognitive behavior control and social skills training. CONCLUSION: The results reveal that ADHD intervention has large effect sizes for core features and peripheral features of target outcome variables. For improving the reliability of the meta-analysis results by minimizing publication bias, more intervention studies using appropriated study design should be done.
Art Therapy ; Behavior Control ; Child* ; Education ; Humans ; Clinical Trial ; Parents ; Publication Bias

No abstract available.
Glomerulonephritis, IGA* ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Nephritis* ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch*