Claude syndrome is a well known midbrain syndrome which is characterized by ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy and contralateral cerebellar ataxia by the lesion of the red nucleus. Although this syndrome was reported as early as in 1924 by Claude, only a few cases have been reported. Moreover, the midbrain infarction as a cause of Claude syndrome has quite rarely been described. Firstly, we report a 61-year-old patient with partial oculomotor nerve palsy and contralateral cerebellar ataxia who demonstrated an infarction just caudal to the red nucleus on MRI. Secondly, we also discuss the probable vertical fascicular arrangement of the oculomotor nerve in the midbrain.
Brain Stem Infarctions* ; Cerebellar Ataxia ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mesencephalon* ; Middle Aged ; Oculomotor Nerve ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases ; Red Nucleus

PURPOSE: We report clinical features and viral studies on 153 children with aseptic meningitis in the Pusan area in 1996 and compare the results of this study with those of other reports in 1990 and 1993. METHODS: One hundred fifty-three children with aseptic meningitis who have been admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, St. Benedict Hospital between July and October 1996 were included. We described age and sex distribution, monthly distribution, clinical manifestations, laboratory data and complication. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 2.32:1 and the most age was 4.21 years. It occurred mostly in July, August and October. It was later than the peak incidence between May and July in 1990 and 1993. The main symptoms were fever, headache and vomiting in this order. Rash was mostly maculopapular form and frequent in those younger than 4 years-old. No specific results were not found in peripheral blood and CSF studies. We failed to isolate the causative agent in the viral culture, but Echovirus 9 was suspected as a causative agent by its clinical features and other similar reports. The duration of clinical symptoms in the early diagnostic group was significantly shorter that in late diagnostic group. CONCLUSIONS: Aseptic meningitis was prevalent in children in the Pusan area, during the summer of 1996. It was frequent in male and the mean age was 4.21 years. It occurred mostly in July, August and October. Peak incidence was later than in 1990 and 1993. The main symptoms: fever, headache, vomiting and rash were observed frequently.
Busan* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Echovirus 9 ; Exanthema ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; Hospital Distribution Systems ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Pediatrics ; Sex Distribution ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of aromatherapy on the stress response in menstrual period. METHODS: A randomized, single-blind, pretest- posttest design was used. The study subjects were 60 college women with dysmenorrhea and they were randomized into 3 groups, experimental, 1st control(placebo) and 2nd control group. The researchers massaged treatment oil(3% dilution essential oil of Lavender, Clary sage and Rose) into the abdomen of experimental group. The placebo group used almond oil(carrier oil) instead, and the 2nd control group did not give any treatment. Baseline data including pre- treatment stress response score were obtained on the first day of usual period. Aromatherapy provided for about 7 days until the next cycle began. Post-treatment stress responses were measured by 94 item SOS(symptom of stress) scale on the first day of the cycle. RESULTS: As a results, the stress response score of experimental group was significantly lower than two control groups. And there was no significant difference in stress responses of two control groups. CONCLUSION: The results show aromatherapy using selected essential oils to be an effective intervention for stress response during menstruation.
Abdomen ; Aromatherapy* ; Dysmenorrhea* ; Female ; Humans ; Lavandula ; Menstruation* ; Oils, Volatile ; Prunus dulcis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether polymorphisms of gene encoding CYP1B1 is associated with the risk of endometriosis in Korean women. METHODS: We investigated 199 patients with histopathologically confirmed endometriosis rAFS stage III/IV and 183 control group women who were surgically proven to have no endometriosis. The genetic distribution of four different CYP1B1 polymorphisms at G119-T, G432-C, T449-C, and A453-G were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR products. RESULTS: We found no overall association between each individual CYP1B1 genotype and the risk of endometriosis. The odds ratio of genotype GG/GC+GG/TC+TT/AA compared to GG/CC/CC/AA (reference) was calculated as 2.06 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.003~4.216. CONCLUSIONS: This results suggest that CYP1B1 genetic polymorphism may be associated with development of endometriosis in Korean women.
Endometriosis* ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle is an important risk factor for many diseases. We need to educate medical students for advocating health promoting behaviors to their patients. Teaching knowledge, however, was not enough for medical students to change their health-related lifestyle. In this study, we investigated health promoting behaviors of medical students, and the improvement of their health behaviors after competitive lifestyle modification program. METHODS: All sophomores of medical college in Seoul National University were included in this study. We performed lifestyle modification program consisting of lecture, group competition, and feedback. We focused on reforming health behaviors like smoking, drinking, exercise, stress management and eating habits. And we also checked common symptoms of functional diseases, medication frequency for relieving these symptoms and general life satisfaction. RESULTS: After 2 months of lifestyle modification program, the obese (P = 0.0455) and the average value of BMI (P < 0.001) were decreased and two of smokers quitted smoking. Numbers of medical students with health related habits such as regular exerciser (P = 0.027), frequent user of symptom-relief medication (P < 0.001), breakfast skipper (P = 0.005) were signifi cantly changed in positive way, and the average value of general life satisfaction score (P = 0.003) was improved. CONCLUSION: Lifestyle modification program improved medical students' health habits and enhanced general life satisfaction.
Breakfast ; Drinking ; Eating ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Life Style ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Students, Medical

Background: Lipomas are benign soft tissue neoplasms of mature adipose tissue commonly occurring in the trunk or extremities. But, intraoral lipomas are rare entities which may be only noticed during routine dental examinations. Especially intramuscular lipomas on the tongue have been reported very rarely. In this study, we report a case of intramuscular lipoma on tongue, with a review of the literature from 1978 to 2019, providing data on age, gender, location, presenting symptoms, size, surgical methods, and recurrence.Case presentationA case of intramuscular lipoma occurring in tongue region in a 65-year-old male is reported. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment for the lesion. In order to decrease the deformity and discomfort after the excision, we tried to modify surgical technique using enveloped mucosal flap. This technique provided more comfortable healing procedure on the operative site without recurrence. Conclusion This is a rare case of large intramuscular lipoma on tongue. Surgical excision with enveloped mucosal flap design was performed to diminish postoperative raw surface and discomfort and a 24-month follow-up showed excellent healing without any recurrence. A case of intramuscular lipoma on tongue and relevant literature reviews are presented in this study.

Background: Lipomas are benign soft tissue neoplasms of mature adipose tissue commonly occurring in the trunk or extremities. But, intraoral lipomas are rare entities which may be only noticed during routine dental examinations. Especially intramuscular lipomas on the tongue have been reported very rarely. In this study, we report a case of intramuscular lipoma on tongue, with a review of the literature from 1978 to 2019, providing data on age, gender, location, presenting symptoms, size, surgical methods, and recurrence.Case presentationA case of intramuscular lipoma occurring in tongue region in a 65-year-old male is reported. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment for the lesion. In order to decrease the deformity and discomfort after the excision, we tried to modify surgical technique using enveloped mucosal flap. This technique provided more comfortable healing procedure on the operative site without recurrence. Conclusion This is a rare case of large intramuscular lipoma on tongue. Surgical excision with enveloped mucosal flap design was performed to diminish postoperative raw surface and discomfort and a 24-month follow-up showed excellent healing without any recurrence. A case of intramuscular lipoma on tongue and relevant literature reviews are presented in this study.

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have suggested that some personality characteristics are associated with the onset, prognosis and social function in schizophrenia patients. However few is known about the personality and affective characteristic of genetic high risk group (GHR) for schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the personality and the affective characteristic of GHR group for schizophrenia. METHODS: Participants were 54 healthy controls (HC), 26 subjects with GHR for schizophrenia and 28 subjects with first episode psychosis (FEP). We performed three self-report questionnaires; NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised, State and Anger Expression Inventory and Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule. RESULTS: The GHR group showed higher score in agreeableness item than the HC (p=0.028). In extraversion item, the FEP group showed significantly lower scores than the HC (p=0.001). The GHR group showed lower scores in neuroticism item compared with FEP group in trend level. The FEP group showed higher trait-anger, lower positive affect and higher negative affect compared with the others. CONCLUSION: The GHR group seem to share certain vulnerable personality and affective characteristics for schizophrenia with the FEP group. On the other hands, the GHR group appeared to be more agreeable than the other groups, which might act as the compensation for other impaired functions.
Anger ; Anxiety Disorders ; Compensation and Redress ; Extraversion (Psychology) ; Hand ; Humans ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Prognosis ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia

Jehovah's Witnesses present a challenge for the anesthesia professionals on account of their refusal to accept blood and blood products. Therefore, anesthesiologists must be able to individualize their treatment depending on the patients' condition. We report a case of a stent removal and aorto-biiliac bypass surgery in a Jehovah's Witness. A 69 year-old, hypertensive man presented with claudication of both lower extremities due to the distal migration of an endoaneurysmal stent. According to his previous medical history, he had a lacunar infarction in the right middle cerebral artery territory, ischemic coronary artery disease with a stent in situ, and a stent inserted for an abdominal aortic aneurysm by radiological intervention. Because he strongly refused a transfusion, human recombinant erythropoietin was used before surgery. After the erythropoietin treatment, hemoglobin level increased to 14.8 g/dl (hematocrit 47.6%). During the operation, closed-circuit cell saver was used and transfused autologous blood was saved by acute normovolemic hemodilution. The patient recovered uneventfully from the anesthesia and was transferred to the intensive care unit. He was discharged on the ninth postoperative day without complications with a hematocrit level of 28.9%.
Adult* ; Aged ; Anesthesia ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal* ; Blood Transfusion* ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Disulfiram ; Erythropoietin ; Hematocrit ; Hemodilution ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Jehovah's Witnesses ; Lower Extremity ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Stents ; Stroke, Lacunar

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the correlation between the incidence of chronic lung disease and the combined use of gentle ventilation and high-frequency ventilation. METHODS: The subject group consisted of 63 very low birthweight infants of less than 1500gm who were born and survived through ventilator treatment in the Fatima neonatal intensive care unit for four years from January 1995 to December 1998. The analysis was performed retrospectively with medical records. Ventilator treatment was based on the combined use of gentle ventilation and high-frequency ventilation by means of the flow interruptor type of Infant star. High- frequency ventilation was carried out for 24 hours after surfactant replacement, when PaCO2 exceeded 60mmHg, or if the period of gentle ventilation exceeded one week. When the results of arterial blood gas analysis and the state of the body became stable, the aggressive weaning was performed. RESULTS: For 49(77.8%) of 63 infants, the weaning was possible within seven days. The other 14 infants(22.2%) needed ventilator treatment for more than seven days. The mean duration of ventilator treatment was 12.3 days. The causes of weaning failure included sepsis, patent ductus arteriosus, chronic lung disease, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Two infants who had received ventialtor treatment for more than two weeks were found to have incidence of chronic lung disease. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the combined use of gentle ventilation and high-frequency ventilation can help reduce pulmonary damage, and it will be important to shorten the period of ventilator treatment.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Hemorrhage ; High-Frequency Ventilation ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Lung Diseases* ; Lung* ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Ventilation* ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Weaning