No abstract available.
Asthma*

No abstract available.
Asthma* ; Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.

Cushing disease in children and adolescents, especially with multiple pituitary adenomas (MPAs), is very rare. We report 17-year-old boy with MPAs. He presented with a vertebral compression fracture, weight gain, short stature, headache, and hypertension. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), only a left pituitary microadenoma was found. After surgery, transient clinical improvement was observed but headache and hypertension were observed again after 3 months later. Follow-up MRI showed a newly developed right pituitary microadenoma 6 months after the surgery. The need for careful clinical and radiographic follow-up should be emphasized in the search for potential MPAs in patients with persistent Cushing disease.
Adolescent* ; Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Compression* ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion* ; Pituitary Neoplasms* ; Weight Gain

BACKGROUND & SIGNIFICANCE: The neurological manifestations associated with Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) infection includes meningoencephalitis, Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS), Bell's palsy, myelopathy, and radiculopathy. To the best of our knowledge, the neurological manifestation associated with EBV infection has never been reported in Korea. Cases & RESULTS: We have found five patients (3 men, 2 women, mean age 28.4 years ; range 23-42) with EBV-associated neurological illness between August 1994 and July 1995. Serum enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests for anti- early antigen(EA) IgM and anti-Epstein Barr nucleic acid (EBNA) IgG was positive in all patients, suggestive of reactivated EBV reaction. They showed a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations: 2 meningoecnephalomyelitis, 1 meningoencephalitis and cervical radiculopathy, 1 meningoencephalitis, and 1 GBS. T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging studies showed high signal intensity lesions in three of the four patients who had meningoencephalitis. Outcomes were excellent in all but one patient. CONCLUSIONS: We present five patients with a wide spectrum of neurological manifestations associated with EBV infection. We suggest that one should suspect the EBV infection in a variety of neurological diseases of uncertain etiology.
Bell Palsy ; Brain ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Female ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningoencephalitis ; Neurologic Manifestations* ; Radiculopathy ; Spinal Cord Diseases

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a skin infection caused by the Leishmania species, an intracellular protozoan parasite that is transmitted by various species of female sandflies. According to the geographic distribution and vectors, leishmaniasis is classified as Old World or New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. In Korea, 24 cases of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis have been reported, but New World cutaneous leishmaniasis has not been reported as yet. A 37-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of a painful and erythematous nodule with two satellite papules on the left postauricular area and a papule on the left arm after traveling to the Amazon region in Brazil. After we performed skin biopsies of the lesions, diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis was made by the histopathological findings. After intralesional injection of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam(R), GlaxoSmithKline) twice a week for 4 weeks, the lesions improved with scarring. Herein, we discuss this case of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis that was successfully treated with intralesional injection of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam(R)) in Korea.
Antimony ; Antimony Sodium Gluconate ; Arm ; Biopsy ; Brazil ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Korea ; Leishmania ; Leishmaniasis ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous ; Parasites ; Psychodidae ; Skin

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a skin infection caused by the Leishmania species, an intracellular protozoan parasite that is transmitted by various species of female sandflies. According to the geographic distribution and vectors, leishmaniasis is classified as Old World or New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. In Korea, 24 cases of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis have been reported, but New World cutaneous leishmaniasis has not been reported as yet. A 37-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of a painful and erythematous nodule with two satellite papules on the left postauricular area and a papule on the left arm after traveling to the Amazon region in Brazil. After we performed skin biopsies of the lesions, diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis was made by the histopathological findings. After intralesional injection of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam(R), GlaxoSmithKline) twice a week for 4 weeks, the lesions improved with scarring. Herein, we discuss this case of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis that was successfully treated with intralesional injection of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam(R)) in Korea.
Antimony ; Antimony Sodium Gluconate ; Arm ; Biopsy ; Brazil ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Korea ; Leishmania ; Leishmaniasis ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous ; Parasites ; Psychodidae ; Skin

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a common, benign, vascular proliferation of the skin and mucous membranes. Clinically, the lesion is usually solitary, grows rapidly, and bleeds easily. PG usually occurred on the exposed surfaces such as hands, forearms, and face, and it has rarely been reported to involve the penis. To our knowledge, just 6 cases of PG affecting the penis have been reported in the English literature. In Korea, it has not been reported yet. In our case, a 56-year-old male presented with a nodule on the glans penis for 20 days. The physical examination revealed a solitary, 1 cm-sized, pedunculated, erythematous nodule. There was a history of recent trauma on the lesion. The skin biopsy specimen showed lobulated dermal mass of small capillaries and the patient was diagnosed with pyogenic granuloma. Herein, we report a rare case of pyogenic granuloma on the penis.
Biopsy ; Capillaries ; Forearm ; Granuloma, Pyogenic ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Penis ; Physical Examination ; Skin

PURPOSE: Headaches are associated with psychiatric illness, and can affect all aspects of a functioning child. We examined the behavioral and emotional problems of children and adolescents suffering from headaches. METHODS: Children and adolescents(N=269) aged 4 to 17 suffering from headaches and their age-matched controls(N=31) were assessed using the Korean Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL), Korean Personality Inventory for Children (KPI-C), and Children's Depression Inventory(CDI). RESULTS: Psychological profiles were analyzed in three stages. First, the primary headaches had a statistically significant tendency to show problems in anxiety, depression, somatization, and psychosis scales of KPI-C, and somatic complaints, thought, and internalizing problems of K-CBCL than in the control group(P<0.05). Second, migraines(N=162) and tension-type headaches(N=57) showed no statistically significant difference(P>0.05). Finally, the chronic daily headaches(CDH)(N=43) had statistically significantly higher scores in CDI and somatization of KPI-C than in the episodic headaches(P<0.05). In respect to ego-resilience scale of KPI-C, CDH had statistically significantly lower score than in the episodic headaches(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents with headaches show greater internalizing problems(anxiety, depression, somatization, and thought problems) than their healthy peers. Patients with CDH will have a negative effect on their adaptations because they have a lower ego-resilience and more symptoms of depression and somatization than children suffering from episodic headaches and controls.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Anxiety ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Depression ; Headache ; Humans ; Personality Inventory ; Psychotic Disorders ; Stress, Psychological ; Weights and Measures

Background: Based on the reports of low prevalence and severity of pediatric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, the Korean government has released new SARS-CoV-2 infection response and treatment guidelines for children under the age of 12 years. The government has further directed school reopening under strict preventive measures. However, there is still considerable concern on the impact of school reopening on community transmission of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of these directives and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections in children as compared to adults using sufficient national sample data. Methods: In the present study, we evaluated the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients as compared to adults by analyzing the length of hospital stays (LOS), medical expenses, and hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates. A multivariate linear regression analysis was carried out to examine the effects of COVID-19 patients that the characteristics on the LOS and medical expenses, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify COVID-19 characteristics that affect hospital and ICU admission rates and to prove the low SARS-CoV-2 infection severity in pediatric patients. Results: The hospitalization period for children aged 0–9 was 37% shorter and that of patients aged 10–19 years was 31% shorter than those of older age groups (P < 0.001). The analysis of the medical expenses by age showed that on average, medical expenses for children were approximately 4,900 USD lower for children than for patients over 80 years of age. The linear regression analysis also showed that patients who were 0–9 years old spent 87% and those aged 10–19 118% less on medical expenses than those aged 70 and over, even after the correction of other variables (P < 0.001). The probability of hospitalization was the lowest at 10–19 years old (odds ratio [OR], 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03–0.09), and their ICU admission rate was also the lowest at 0.14 (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.08–0.24). On the other hand, the likelihood of hospitalization and ICU admission was the highest in children aged 0–9 years, and among patients under the age of 50 years in general. Conclusion This study demonstrated the low severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in younger patients (0–19 years) by analyzing the LOS, medical expenses, hospital, and intensive care unit admission rates as outcome variables. As the possibility to develop severe infection of coronavirus at the age of 10–19 was the lowest, a mitigation policy is also required for middle and high school students. In addition, children with underlying diseases need to be protected from high-risk infection environments.