Objective To investigate the effects of trimebutine maleate (TM) on the expression of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BKCa) and ryanodine receptors (RyR)channels at mRNA and protein level in colonic smooth muscle cell of cold restraint stress(CRS)induced rats.Methods A total of 24 Wistar rats were divided into CRS group,CRS with TM group and control group equally.The rats of CRS group were gavaged with 0.9％NaCl (6 ml/kg) daily; the rats of CRS with TM group were gavaged with 15 g/L TM (6 ml/kg) daily and activity was restricted in wire cage at 4 ℃ for two hours,continuously for five days.The rats of control group were gavaged with 0.9 ％ NaCl (6 ml/kg) once without CRS.The amount and characteristics of stool of rats in each group were observed.The colonic smooth muscle was isolated to detect the expression of BKCa and RyR at mRNA and protein level by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot.Results The median of rats defecation particles of CRS group was six,control group was one and CRS with TM group was five.Compared with control group,the defecation appearance of CRS group and CRS with TM group was looser and wetter observed by naked eyes.Compared with control group,there was no obvious pathological changes in CRS and CRS with TM group.There was no significant difference in the mRNA expression of BKCa and RyR channels between control group and CRS group.Compared with control group,the BKCa expression at mRNA level of CRS with TM group increased 1.45 fold.Compared with control group,the RyR2 expression at mRNA level of CRS with TM group increased 1.32 fold.Compared with control group,the BKCa expression at protein level of CRS with TM group increased 1.39 fold,and there was no RyR2 expression band at protein level.Conclusion TM might affect colonic smooth muscle contraction through the upregulation of BKCa expression at mRNA and protein level and RyR expression at mRNA level.

Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; genetics ; physiology ; Liver ; enzymology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; etiology ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; etiology ; Membrane Proteins ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; genetics ; physiology

Objective To explore the feasibility of evaluating cardiac structure, coronary artery,pulmonary artery and cardiac function in one single scan by 320-row CT ECG-gated double phase cardiac function scan mode. MethodsForty patients underwent the 320-detector row CT double phase cardiovascular angiography. The pulmonary phase and aortic phase were reconstructed in order to evaluate the pulmonary and coronary artery. MPR reconstructions of both pulmonary and aortic phase were used to analyze the function of the two ventricles. And the results of the cardiac function were compared with those of transthoracic echocardiography. Thirty-five cases could be analyzed and diagnosed, while the other 5 cases had to be given up because of the poor imaging quality. The mean heart rate was (71.2 ± 11.2) beat per min (bpm). No arrhythmia case included. Results ( 1 ) Pulmonary embolism were diagnosed in 11 cases,coronary artery disease (CAD) were found in 5 cases, while post-stent implantation were observed in 7 cases. Six cases of congenital heart disease were diagnosed with 3 ASD and 3 primary pulmonary hypertension. Another one was diagnosed with left atrial myxoma, and 5 cases were pulmonary embolism associated with CAD. All of above cases were verified by final clinical diagnosis. (2) The heart function parameters including LVEDd , RVEDd, LVESd, RVESd and LVEF were (36.7 ±3.3), (43.3 ± 3.4) mm,(31.6±5.1), (41.3 ±5.1) mm and (47.1 ±15.1) for CT, while those were (40.3 ±3.1), (47.3 ±4.2) mm,(37.3 ±5.6), (45.3 ±3.3) mm,and (46.0 ± 14.8) for ultrasound, respectively. The CT results were correlated with the ultrasound ( n = 35, r = 0.886-0.988, P ＜ 0.01 ). (3) The average radiation exposure was ( 5.4 ± 0.5 ) mSv. Conclusions 320-row CT ECG-gated double phase cardiac function scan mode is feasible for the "one-stop-shop" examination of the cardiovascular disease. This noninvasive method is recommended for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cardiovascular disease.

Objective To evaluate left ventricular(LV)myocardial contraction patterns and function when pacing in different right ventricular(RV)sites and discuss echocardiogarphic method to evaluate physiologcal pacing mode.Methods This study included 26 patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia without organic heart disease.Four pacing modes including right atrium pacing(AAI),RV apex pacing(VVI-RVA),RV septal pacing(VVI-IVS)and RV outflow tract pacing(VVI-RVOT)were performed on the patients in a random order after succussful radiofrequency ablation.The parameters measured in each pacing mode included(1)LV systolic function parameters:LV twist angle(Twist),aortic systolic velocity-time integral(VTIAo)and LV global strain(Gε)；(2)LV contracting pattern:segmental peak systolic strain(Sε),the time to peak value(TPε),and the distribution of segmental Sε,TPε in each layer or wall.The relationship between Sε,TPε of each wall was analyzed.[Results]Pacing from RV sites showed lower Twist,VTIAO and Gε than AAI mode.Gε demonstrated significant difference in three RV sites pacing mode(VVI-RVOT＞VVI-IVS＞VVI-RVA,P＜0.05).Compared with the AAI mode,the distribution of segmental Sε,TPε in the each layer or wall alerted significantly in three RV sites pacing mode,especially in VV1-RVA.The distribution pattern was similar in VVI-RVOT and VVI-IVS.Furthermore,the wall Sε collated negtively with wall TPε(r =-0.51,P＜0.001).[Conclusions]Compared with AAI mode,RV pacing,especially the VVI-RVA induced the alternation of LV contraction patterns and reduction of systolic function.Longitudinal strain parameters can be used to assess the myocardial contraction patterns and function in different pacing mode.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of incidental focal (18)F-FDG uptake in the colon and rectum and characteristics of functional anatomic form for differential diagnosis of colorectal benign or malignant diseases.

METHODSClinical data and images of incidental focal hypermetabolism focus in colon and rectum of 37 individuals undergoing (18)F-FDG PET-CT were analyzed retrospectively. According to the eventual outcomes of pathological examination and clinical follow-up, these cases were divided into four subgroups: malignant disease, benign tumor (including precancerous change), inflammation and physiological uptake. Radioactive uptake level (SUVmax) and change of delayed imaging (RI) of focal hypermetabolism focus were compared between groups. The data analysis was performed using variance analysis.

RESULTSThe average SUVmax was 6.3±3.7, 8.8±6.5, 5.2±1.4, and 3.8±0.9 in malignant disease (n=11), benign (precancerous) tumor (n=9), inflammation (n=9) and physiological uptaking (n=8) respectively. The average SUVmax was 7.6±5.6 in benign and malignant tumor, and 4.7±1.5 in inflammation and physiological uptake. The distinction of average SUVmax was not statistically significant between benign and malignant tumor or inflammation and physiological uptake. But it was higher in tumors as compared to inflammation or physiological uptake with a statistically difference (P<0.05). The RI was 0.3±0.2, 0.4±0.1, 0.3±0.2, 0.4±0.2 in above 4 groups respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONSThe incidental focal hypermetabolism focus in the colon the rectum during (18)F-FDG PET-CT may indicate potential colorectal malignant diseases and precancerous lesions. SUVmax value in focal hypermetabolism focus in the colon and rectum can help to distinguish tumor from inflammation or physiological uptake. But there is no diagnostic value for distinguishing malignant disease from benign tumor.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colonic Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Rectal Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of pungent dispersion bitter purgation method (PDBPM) on the esophageal mucosal intercellular space of reflux esophagitis (RE) model rats.

METHODSTotally 100 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the Western medicine group (WM), the Chinese medicine group (CM), 25 rats in each group. Rats in the control group only received switch operation. Rats in the rest three groups received modified partial cardia muscle incision combined pylorus ligation of external parts to prepare the RE rat model. Starting from the 3rd day after operation, WM mixture (Motilium 3. 2 mg/kg + Omeprazole Capsule 4.3 mg/kg + Hydrotalcite Tablet 161.4 mg/kg) was administered by gastrogavage to rats in the WM group. Rats in the CM group was administered by gastrogavage with Modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction (5.7 g/kg), 2.5 mL each time, twice daily for 14 consecutive days. Equal volume of normal saline was administered by gastrogavage to rats in the control group and the model group. On day 7 and 14, the lower esophagus pH value, general specimen of mucosa and histopathologic changes were observed. Intercellular spaces of esophageal epithelium were measured for a control study.

RESULTSCompared with the same group at day 7, the lower esophagus pH value increased at day 14 (P < 0.01); the naked eye integral of esophageal mucosa and intercellular spaces of esophageal epithelium also decreased at day 14 in the CM group and the WM group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group at the same time point, the lower esophagus pH value decreased in the model group (P < 0.01). The naked eye integral of esophageal mucosa, and intercellular spaces of esophageal epithelium increased in the model group with increased intercellular spaces (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group at the same time point, the lower esophagus pH value increased and the naked eye integral of esophageal mucosa decreased in the CM group and the WM group at day 7 and 14 (P < 0.01). Intercellular spaces of esophageal epithelium of RE model rats at day 14 was lower in the CM group and the WM group than in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the WM group, the lower esophagus pH value decreased at day 7 in the CM group (P < 0.05); the naked eye integral of esophageal mucosa and intercellular spaces of esophageal epithelium decreased at day 14 in the CM group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPDBPM had favorable treatment effect on RE model rats. The therapeutic effect was more obvious along with the therapeutic course went by. Its mechanism might be achieved through good repair effect on damaged mucosa, increasing the pressure of esophageal sphincter, and inhibiting gastric acid.

Animals ; Anti-Ulcer Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; drug therapy ; Extracellular Space ; Mouth Mucosa ; Omeprazole ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

BACKGROUNDCarotid artery stenting (CAS) as a competing treatment modality has had to adhere to limits to gain widespread acceptance in some studies. This study analyzed the clinical data of 1700 consecutive patients after CAS to retrospectively evaluate the 30-day outcome of CAS for internal carotid artery stenosis in a Chinese population.

METHODSMedical records of 1700 patients who underwent CAS at Xuanwu Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University between January 2001 and August 2012 were reviewed. Postoperative 30-day complication rates were analyzed and compared with those of other studies. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with perioperation myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and death.

RESULTSThe overall 30-day rate of MI, stroke, and death after CAS was 2.53%. In univariate analysis, patients who were symptomatic, had a neurological deficit (modified Rankin score (mRS) ≥3; P = 0.001), and who were not taking statins experienced a significantly increased rate of MI, stroke, and death (P = 0.017). In multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the presence of symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 2.485; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.267-4.876; P = 0.008) and a neurological deficit (mRS ≥3) (OR = 3.025; 95% CI = 1.353-6.763; P = 0.007) were independent risk factors for perioperative MI, stroke, and death.

CONCLUSIONSAccording to this single-center experience, CAS may effectively prevent and treat carotid artery stenosis that would otherwise lead to stroke. Being symptomatic and having a neurological deficit (mRS ≥3) increased the risk of perioperative MI, stroke, and death.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carotid Stenosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Myocardial Infarction ; Stents ; Stroke ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo better understand the clinical feature of viral gastroenteritis attributed to noroviruses and to summarize the experience on an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis through rapidly colleting and confirmation of related information regarding to noroviruses in hospitals.

METHODSInformation on an outbreaks involving 18 patients with acute gastroenteritis in one hospital regarding its epidemiological and clinical features and to perform bacteria culture for stool specimens on every patient. On 7 patients, rotavirus antigen were RNA tested together with norovirus nucleic acid were examined by ELISA and PAGE and RT-PCR.

RESULTS(1) Most of the patients were elderly with several chronic diseases. (2) Watery diarrhea (12/18, 66.67%) and few with mucous (3/18, 16.67%) were seen. Most stool examination was normal (10/18, 55.56%) but few stool specimen could be found with some leucocytes (3/18, 16.67%) and little occult blood (4/18, 22.22%). (3) All bacteria culture in stools showed negative. There was no rotavirus RNA identified but 3 specimen showed norovirus nucleic acid positive as 42.86% (3/7).

CONCLUSIONNorovirus was one of the important pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in hospitals attacking elderly with several chronic diseases in particular. Surveillance program targeting elderly inpatient with diarrhea should be enhanced, especially in autumn and winter.

Acute Disease ; Aged ; Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Feces ; virology ; Gastroenteritis ; epidemiology ; virology ; Hospitals ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Norovirus ; isolation & purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Humans ; Liver Failure ; therapy ; Liver, Artificial ; adverse effects ; Renal Dialysis ; adverse effects ; Sorption Detoxification ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and hyperuricemia with macrovascular atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients.

METHODSNinety-seven type 2 diabetic patients were divided into two groups according to the UAER, namely group A with UAER between 20 and 200 microg/min (n=63) and group B with UAER > or = 200 microg/min (n=34); the patients were also classified into hyperuricemia group (group C, n=59) and normal blood uric acid (BUA) group (group D, n=38). The disease course, BUA, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), UAER and arteria carotis intima-media thickness (IMT) were determined in these patients. The relationship of UAER and hyperuricemia with carotid arterial IMT was analyzed statistically.

RESULTSThe levels of TG, TC, LDL and HDL showed no significant differences between the 4 groups (P>0.05). The disease course, BUA, UAER, and FBG levels and IMT in groups A and C were significantly higher than those in groups C and D (P<0.05), but no such differences were found between groups A and C or between groups B and D (P>0.05). Arotid arterial IMT was independently correlated to the disease course, BUA and UAER (r=0.201, 0.1999, 0.211, respectively, P<0.05), and a significant positive correlation was noted between BUA and UAER (r=0.221, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONMacrovascular atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients is significantly correlated to the disease course, BUA and UAER levels, which can be used to evaluate and predict macrovascular atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Albuminuria ; complications ; Atherosclerosis ; complications ; pathology ; Carotid Arteries ; pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies