Glomus tumors are maturely organized proliferations of glomus cells and vascular channels. Such tumors are rare in the stomach, and only two cases have been reported in Korea. Because specific clinical or radiologic features are not associated with the glomus tumor, it can be recognized only by histologic characteristics. Although available data are inadequate for determining the histogenesis of this tumor, it may represent a hamartoma rather than a neoplastic disease. The treatment of choice is local resection. In frozen sections, it may be misidentified as a carcinoid tumor, leading to more extensive surgery than required for cure. We report a case of a glomus tumor of the stomach in a 30-year-old female patient who was operated on, and we present a review of the literature on this subject.
Adult ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Female ; Frozen Sections ; Glomus Tumor* ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Korea ; Stomach*

Glomus tumors are maturely organized proliferations of glomus cells and vascular channels. Such tumors are rare in the stomach, and only two cases have been reported in Korea. Because specific clinical or radiologic features are not associated with the glomus tumor, it can be recognized only by histologic characteristics. Although available data are inadequate for determining the histogenesis of this tumor, it may represent a hamartoma rather than a neoplastic disease. The treatment of choice is local resection. In frozen sections, it may be misidentified as a carcinoid tumor, leading to more extensive surgery than required for cure. We report a case of a glomus tumor of the stomach in a 30-year-old female patient who was operated on, and we present a review of the literature on this subject.
Adult ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Female ; Frozen Sections ; Glomus Tumor* ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Korea ; Stomach*

To clarify neuronal connection of the medial rectus muscle at brain stem, Bartha strain of the psecudorabies virus(PRV-Ba) and cholera toxin-horeserdish peroxidase(CT-HRP) was injected into medial rectus muscle of the rat. About 84 hours after PRV or CT-HRP injection, the brain was removed and processed immunohistochemical stain for PRV-Ba and neurohistochemical stain for CT-HRP using tetramethyl benzidine. The CT-HRP positive reaction was only present in ipsilateral oculomotor nucleus, contralateral abducence nucleus and bilaterally in rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus, olivary pretectal nucleus, medial and superior vestibular nucleus, nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, prerubral field, nucleus Darkschewitsch, lateral substantia nigra, terminal nucleus of accessory nucleus, dorsal raphenucleus, locus ceruleus and pontime reticular formation. This study confirmed that both oculomotor nucleus and abducence nucleus were connected with each other through the medial longitudinal fasciculus, and neuronal connection of the medial rectus muscle in the rat brain stem.
Animals ; Brain Stem* ; Brain* ; Cholera ; Locus Coeruleus ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Reticular Formation ; Substantia Nigra

We experienced a case of arteriovenous hemangioma showing Dariers sign on the forehead of a 43-year-old man. He presented with a single, 1 * 1.5cm sized, violaceous, asymptomatic nodule with a history of an intermittent wheal at the lesional site. This skin lesion showed Dariers sign clinically and proliferation of mast cells histopathologically with the punch biopsy specirnen suggesting urticaria pig- mentosa. Howerer, we could diagnose it as a arteriovenous hemangioma on complete excision, as the specimen showed arteriovenous proliferation with increased mast cells in a perivascular pattern. This case showed confusing clinical signs and showed the importance of complete excision for the diagnosis of a small skin tumor especially when a vascular proliferating tumor is suspected.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Forehead ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Mast Cells ; Skin ; Urticaria

A potent antiproliferative agent, Mitomcin-C, has been known to improve the surgical outcom of glaucomatous eyes with poor prognosis after filtering surgery. Twenty one eyes of 21 patients underwent trabeculectomy with Mitomyc-C. Overall success rate is 81%: 2 of 3 eyes with glaucoma after unsuccessful filtering surgery, 3 of 4 eyes with neovascular glaucoma, 2 of 3 eyes with secondary glaucoma, 1 of 2 eyes with aphakic glaucoma and all of 9 eyes with advanced glaucoma. Postoperative complications were prolonged conjuntival wound leakage in two eyes, conjuntibval wound leakage and corneo-lenticular touch in one eye, choroidal detachment in one eye, progression of cataract in one eye, hyphema in 3 eyes.
Cataract ; Choroid ; Filtering Surgery* ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Trabeculectomy ; Wounds and Injuries

A potent antiproliferative agent, Mitomcin-C, has been known to improve the surgical outcom of glaucomatous eyes with poor prognosis after filtering surgery. Twenty one eyes of 21 patients underwent trabeculectomy with Mitomyc-C. Overall success rate is 81%: 2 of 3 eyes with glaucoma after unsuccessful filtering surgery, 3 of 4 eyes with neovascular glaucoma, 2 of 3 eyes with secondary glaucoma, 1 of 2 eyes with aphakic glaucoma and all of 9 eyes with advanced glaucoma. Postoperative complications were prolonged conjuntival wound leakage in two eyes, conjuntibval wound leakage and corneo-lenticular touch in one eye, choroidal detachment in one eye, progression of cataract in one eye, hyphema in 3 eyes.
Cataract ; Choroid ; Filtering Surgery* ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Mitomycin* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Trabeculectomy ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: To analyze the anatomical characteristics on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of patients who are legally blind (less than 20/1,000) due to end-stage exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that does not require intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection. METHODS: After anti-VEGF injections (active group), 120 eyes of 103 exudative AMD patients experienced visual acuity improved by at least 2 lines or improvement on SD-OCT. In addition, 55 eyes of 54 end-stage exudative AMD patients who did not respond to treatment or who were legally blind due to foveal scar at the first visit (end-stage group) were evaluated retrospectively. Changes in retinal structures of the 2 groups were analyzed by SD-OCT at the last visit. RESULTS: The mean age of the end-stage group was about 5 years older than the active group. During the follow-up period, subretinal hemorrhage, intraretinal hemorrhage and retinal pigment epithelium tear occurred more frequently in the end-stage group than in the active group (p < 0.05). Intra-retinal fluids and subretinal fluids were more frequently administered in the active group than in the end-stage group, and thick subretinal hyper-reflective materials (SRHRM), fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and extensive inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) line disruption were observed in all eyes of the end-stage group. The size and thickness of PED, foveal thickness and SRHRM thickness were significantly larger in the end-stage group than in the active group (p < 0.05). Disciform retinal scars were eventually formed in most of the end-stage group. CONCLUSIONS: In end-stage exudative AMD, the presence of retinal hemorrhage and retinal pigment epithelium tear during follow-up, or the findings of thick SRHRM, fibrovascular PED, and extensive IS/OS line disruption on SD-OCT suggest weak expected effect of intravitreal anti-VEGF injection, which can act as a reference for determining the timing of treatment termination.
Cicatrix ; Endothelial Growth Factors* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration* ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Subretinal Fluid ; Tears ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To analyze the anatomical characteristics on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) of patients who are legally blind (less than 20/1,000) due to end-stage exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that does not require intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection. METHODS: After anti-VEGF injections (active group), 120 eyes of 103 exudative AMD patients experienced visual acuity improved by at least 2 lines or improvement on SD-OCT. In addition, 55 eyes of 54 end-stage exudative AMD patients who did not respond to treatment or who were legally blind due to foveal scar at the first visit (end-stage group) were evaluated retrospectively. Changes in retinal structures of the 2 groups were analyzed by SD-OCT at the last visit. RESULTS: The mean age of the end-stage group was about 5 years older than the active group. During the follow-up period, subretinal hemorrhage, intraretinal hemorrhage and retinal pigment epithelium tear occurred more frequently in the end-stage group than in the active group (p < 0.05). Intra-retinal fluids and subretinal fluids were more frequently administered in the active group than in the end-stage group, and thick subretinal hyper-reflective materials (SRHRM), fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and extensive inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) line disruption were observed in all eyes of the end-stage group. The size and thickness of PED, foveal thickness and SRHRM thickness were significantly larger in the end-stage group than in the active group (p < 0.05). Disciform retinal scars were eventually formed in most of the end-stage group. CONCLUSIONS: In end-stage exudative AMD, the presence of retinal hemorrhage and retinal pigment epithelium tear during follow-up, or the findings of thick SRHRM, fibrovascular PED, and extensive IS/OS line disruption on SD-OCT suggest weak expected effect of intravitreal anti-VEGF injection, which can act as a reference for determining the timing of treatment termination.
Cicatrix ; Endothelial Growth Factors* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration* ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Subretinal Fluid ; Tears ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the important factors affecting survival and pregnancy rate in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. METHODS: we performed reprospective analysis in 738 cycles of frozen-thawed embryo transfers, in relation to the insemination methods, the freezing stage of embryo, patient's age, infertility factors and the origin of injected sperm in ICSI cycles. After conventional IVF or ICSI, the supernumerary PN stage zygotes or multicellular embryos were cryopreserved by slow freezing protocol with 1,2-propandiol (PROH) as a cryoprotectant. RESULTS: The survival rates of thawed embryos were 69.3% (1585/2287) in conventional IVF group and 71.7&% (1645/2295) in ICSI group. After frozen-thawed embryo transfers, 27.0% (92/341) and 32.0% (109/341) of pregnancy rates were achieved in conventional IVF and ICSI group, respectively. There were no significant difference in the survival and pregnancy rates according to the insemination methods, the freezing stage and patient's age. However, the pregnancy rate (36.2%) of male factor infertility (22.9%). In ICSI group, the origin of injected sperm did not affect the outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that acceptable clinical outcomes can be achieved after the transfer of frozen-thawed embryos regardless of the stage of embryos for freezing, the patient's age and the origin of injected sperm.
Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Freezing ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insemination ; Male ; Pregnancy Rate* ; Pregnancy* ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatozoa ; Survival Rate ; Zygote

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery bypass graft with cardiopulmonary bypass is the standard surgical coronary revascularization procedure; however, there are many adverse effects such as air embolism, and high rate of neurologic and coagulation complications. In this article, we describe hemodynamic alterations during coronary bypass grafting (CABG) without cardiopulmonary bypass but using a medical tissue stabilizer. METHODS: Thirty patients were included in our study who underwent an off-pump CABG (OPCAB) between 1/1999 and 12/1999. RESULTS: We created 73 anastomoses. Movement of the heart to reach the target site of anastomosis caused hemodynamic alterations. These could be corrected by anesthetic interventions such as fluid load and low dose inotropics. Complications included postoperative panperitonitis (one patient), and delirium tremens (one patient). On the other hand, major complications, such as intraoperative myocardial infarction and stroke did not occur. The median postoperative length of hospital stay was 14 days. Overall operative mortality was 3.3% (one patient). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the present data, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting appeared to be a safe and effective technique in selected patients with appropriate coronary lesions. Off-pump CABG surgery requires anesthetic interventions because hemodynamic alterations are caused by the presentation of the heart to the surgeon.
Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump* ; Embolism, Air ; Hand ; Heart ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction ; Stroke ; Transplants*