OBJECTIVES: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding(DUB) is defined as abnormal bleeding from the uterine endometrium unrelated to anatomic lesions of the uterus, and its incidence is 10-15% among gynecologic diseases. We conducted this study for understanding correlation between clinical aspecets and pathological findings of DUB. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 599 women with DUB who underwent endometrial biopsy with special regard to the relation between pathologic findings and presenting symtoms or complaints from Jan. 1988 to Dec. 1997. RESULTS: Age distribution of DUB was mainly 5th decade, mean age was 44.1years, among various bleeding patterns, intermenstrual bleeding was the most common pattern(31.6%) and the next was menorrhagia(25.0%). Histologic findings of endometrium were proliferative phase, 327 cases(54.6%), hyperplasia, 139 cases(23.2%), secretory phase, 74 cases(12.4%) in order of frequency, and there was no difference in distribution of histologic findings among various bleeding patterns. CONCLUSION: Compared to other previoius studies, our study showed more incidence of endometrial hyperplasia, especially at age group of 40 or more. So patients aged more than this age with abnormal uterine bleeding must undergo emdometrial biopsy for pathologic diagnosis. Patients who are diagnosed endometrial hyperplasia must be carefully followed up because there are possibilities of progression to endometrial carcinoma.
Age Distribution ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Endometrial Hyperplasia ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Endometrium ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Incidence ; Metrorrhagia* ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Folliculitis ; Herpes Zoster ; Herpesvirus 3, Human

This is a case report of a cystic hygroma with polycystic kidney in a fetus which was suspected by ultrasonography and was confirmed by autopsy. Recently, we have experienced this case in 25-year old woman repeatedly and we report that with a brief review of relevant literature.
Adult ; Autopsy ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Lymphangioma, Cystic* ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases* ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: This study investigated the relationship between height and psychopathology in community children with relatively short stature according to the parents' reports. Also, the matter of parental concern about child's height was explored. METHODS: The child behavior checklist (CBCL), the Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument (BEPSI), and the child-health questionnaire-parent form 50 (CHQ-PF50) were administered to 423 parents (from elementary and middle school children's) in Gangnam, South Korea. Subjects were divided into three groups; (1) relatively short (n=30), (2) average stature (n=131), (3) relatively tall (n=153). CBCL, BEPSI, and CHQ-PF50 scores were compared among three groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in psychosocial burden associated with relatively short stature measured by Korean version of the BEPSI and Korean version of the CBCL scores among three groups. But general health perception score of relatively short was significantly lower than that of nonshort on the CHQ-PF50. Also, they were more used complementary medicines, milk and growth hormone compared to the nonshort. The parents' expected height of their children was 180.6+/-3.5 cm for boys and 166.7+/-3.5 cm for girls. This is respectively 90 percentile and 75-90 percentile for the Korean standard adult height. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that in Korea, Parents tended to regard relatively short children as having health problems. Also, the parental expectation for their child's attainable height is unrealistically tall, mostly due to lack of correct medical information.
Adult ; Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Female ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Korea ; Milk ; Parents ; Psychopathology*

No abstract available.
Skin Neoplasms* ; Skin*

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: To determine correlations among ambulatory renin activity, ambulatory blood pressure and microalbumin excretion rate, 66 Korean essential hypertensives were studied after 4 week wash-out period. The ambulatory blood pressure was monitored every 30 minutes and mean BP were calculated automatically. Urinary microalbumin excretion rate(UAER) and ambulatory plasma renin activity(aPRA) collected at mid-day were measured by radioimmunoassays. Subjectives were divided into 2 groups by aPRA value(2ng/ml/hr). RESULT: 14 cases were high renin group and 52 cases low renin group. The mean BP were 148.83/94.69mmHg in low renin group, and 146.57/98.07mmHg in high-renin group without difference. UAER were not different also between both groups. 23.07%(4/14) of non-dippers were included in high renin group and 25.58%(12/52) in low renin group without statistical difference. The aPRA was significantly related to UAER and systolic and diastolic mean blood pressure. Also UAER was related significantly to day mean blood pressures. CONCLUSION: Thus aPRA is thought to be a meaningful indicator to predict hypertensive renal target organ damage as well as blood pressure measured with 24-hr ABPM.
Blood Pressure* ; Hypertension* ; Plasma* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Renin*

Purpose: We report a young patient with unilateral eyelid swelling secondary to local, palpebral conjunctival amyloidosis.Case summary: A 31-year-old male was referred with a 6-month history of mild, right upper eyelid swelling but without redness or tenderness. Slit-lamp examination revealed a diffuse hemorrhagic papilliform lesion on the right upper palpebral conjunctiva, this raised a suspicion of giant papillary conjunctivitis. As the lesion was unilateral, there was no history of allergic disease or contact lens use, and the lesion was refractory to topical anti-inflammatory treatment so, excisional biopsy of the right upper palpebral conjunctiva was performed. During the operation, the papilliform lesion was removed, it peeled off on the blade. After surgery, the eyelid swelling improved. Histopathological examination revealed an eosinophilic amorphous deposit consistent with amyloidosis. Further evaluation ruled out systemic amyloidosis; there were no abnormal findings. Thus, we diagnosed primary localized amyloidosis of the palpebral conjunctiva. At the 1-year follow-up, no recurrence was detected. Conclusions Although primary localized amyloidosis of the palpebral conjunctiva is rare, this should be considered if chronic eyelid swelling accompanied by another conjunctival lesion such as giant papillary conjunctivitis is encountered.

Bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) refers to neurological causes of reduced or absent movement of both vocal folds. It is characterized by inspiratory dyspnea due to narrowing of the airway at the glottic level with both vocal folds assuming a paramedian position. It is an uncommon condition among patients who underwent thyroidectomy. However, BVFP can be life threatening especially when the onset is acute. Meanwhile, the preservation of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) is also important during thyroidectomy.The EBSLN injury, which innervates the cricothyroid muscle, results in vocalization difficulty of high pitched sound and the frequent fatigue of voice. We will discuss the cases when BVFP and the injury of EBSLN may occur after thyroidectomy, and review the management for these cases including surgical options and voice therapy.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on the emergency department length of stay (ED-LOS) and outcomes of patients admitted with pneumonia. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study that included adult pneumonia patients admitted to the emergency department during the period from February to July 2019 and the corresponding period in 2020. After the COVID-19 outbreak, many changes occurred in medical systems, causing prolonged ED-LOS. We divided ED-LOS into pre-, mid-, and post-ED-LOS and compared ED-LOS, hospital LOS and in-hospital mortality rates of pneumonia patients during the above-mentioned periods. In addition, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors leading to in-hospital mortality in 2020. Results: A total of 365 patients were included in the study. Pre-ED-LOS, mid-ED-LOS, post-ED-LOS, and in-hospital mortality in the 2020 group were significantly higher than those of the 2019 group (P<0.05). Mid-ED-LOS (odds ratio [OR], 1.474; P=0.001) and post-ED-LOS (OR, 1.098; P=0.024) were identified as being independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality in 2020. Conclusion Our study shows that ED-LOS and in-hospital mortality increased after the COVID-19 pandemic. Mid-ED-LOS and post-ED-LOS were independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with pneumonia in 2020.

PURPOSE: Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) or growth hormone (GH) improve final height in girls with central precocious puberty. We studied the effect of these agents on adult height in children with advanced puberty. METHODS: We analysed height, bone age, growth velocity, predicted adult height (PAH), and final adult height (FAH) in 61 girls and 19 boys with advanced puberty, who were treated with GnRHa combined GH or GH. RESULTS: In Girls 1) FAH (SDS) of combination group (GnRHa+GH, n=7) was similar to their pretreatment PAH (SDS) [153.9+/-6.0 cm (-1.3+/-1.2) vs 152.8+/-4.7 cm (-1.5+/-0.9)]. In GH group (n=18), FAH was significantly increased [155.7+/-4.9 cm (-0.9+/-1.0) vs 149.9+/-4.6 cm (-2.1+/-0.9)] (P<0.001). 2) PAH (SDS) of combination group increased from 151.5+/-5.9 cm (-1.8+/-1.2) to 157.8+/-7.1 cm (-0.5+/-1.4) and that of GH group increased from 149.5+/-5.9 cm (-2.2+/-1.2) to 155.8+/-5.8 cm (-0.9+/-1.2) (P<0.001). During first year of treatment, growth velocity of GH group was significantly higher than that of combination group (6.6+/-2.1 cm/year vs 9.4+/-2.5 cm/year, P=0.001) In boys 1) In both group (7 boys of combination group and 8 boys of GH group), FAH was similar to their pretreatment PAH and their growth velocity during first year of treatment had no significant difference (7.6+/-2.3 cm/year vs 9.2+/-2.9 cm/year). CONCLUSION: In girls with advanced puberty, GnRHa delayed bone maturation but had no significant effect on FAH. In contrast, GH increased FAH through increment of growth velociy. In boys with advanced puberty, no significant effect of GnRHa or GH.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child* ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Puberty* ; Puberty, Precocious