Mothers with cerebral palsy children have much stress that is related to the care of children with cerebral palsy and to other household duties, and this state of the mother has an effect on the cerebral palsy child and on other household member. Mothers in such stressful situations use various coping patterns. The purpose of this study was as follows : to develop instruments that can be used for measuring the stress and coping patterns of mothers with cerebral palsy children, and to test a hypothetical model on the relationship between the mother's stress, her coping patterns and the variable affecting the stress and coping patterns. The result of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. The stress scale was composed of 44 items and Cronbach's alpha was .94, and the coping pattern scale was composed of 19 items and Cronbach's alpha was .80. The mean score of stress scale was 136.12 out of a total of 220, and the mean score of the coping scale was 72.87 in a total of 95. 2. In test of the hypothetical model, it was found that extra-care demand, the support of the husband, the degree of handicap, health status and self-esteem had statistically significant influence on the mother's stress(r=.285,-.262,-.133,-.126). And the support of the husband, formal support, informal support, and economic status were found to have statistically significant influence on the mother's coping patterns(r=.412, .178, .178, .138).
Cerebral Palsy* ; Child* ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Spouses ; Child Health

Restoration of anteroposterior projection of the zygomatic body and facial width are key elements in treatment of complex zygomatic fractures. Traditionally, it has been understood that for most fractures of the zygoma, three-point fixation of the zygomaticofrontal suture, inferior orbital rim, and zygomaticomaxillary buttress generally produces exact structural restoration. Recently, the importance of accurate reduction of the zygomatic arch through coronal incision has been favored in complex zygomatic fractures. Though coronal incision has the advantages of accurate reduction and fixation as a result of extensive exposure of the fractured area, this procedure also has many disadvantages including injury to the facial nerve, paresthesia, alopecia, scar formation, longer operating time, protracted hospitalization, etc. As well, there have been no objective data to prove the fact that four-point fixation through coronal incision is superior to traditional three-point fixation. From May, 1994 to December, 1998, the authors treated 45 patients by traditional three-point (n=20) and coronal four-point fixation (n=25) with random sampling. To assess the difference between the two methods the authors measured the axial angle of the zygoma, the axial angle of the zygomatic arch, and the degree of zygomatic arch inclination on submentovertex X-ray, and then analyzed the measurements by the paired T-test(p < 0.05). As a result, the axial angle of the zygoma and zygomatic arch assessed by anteroposterior projection, as well as the facial width showed no statistical difference between the two groups, respectively(p = 0.26, p = 0.18). Mean while, the degree of zygomatic arch inclination representing the local contour of the fractured zygomatic arch was statistically significant between the two groups(p < 0.05). Thus, the traditional three-point fixation method may be widely acceptable in treatment of complex zygomatic fractures with anterior three-point or zygomatic arch comminution.
Alopecia ; Cicatrix ; Facial Nerve ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Orbit ; Paresthesia ; Sutures ; Zygoma ; Zygomatic Fractures

Frontometaphyseal dysplasia is an uncommon genetic syndrome affecting bone and connective tissue. This condition is characterized by the prominence of supraorbital ridges, hyperostosis of the skull, mandibular hypoplasia and malocclusion with antegonial notching, underdeveloped paranasal flaring of the long bone, and a widened iliac wing. Frontometaphyseal dysplasia has an X-linked dominant trait. Clinical manifestations are more severe in males and have extreme variability in females. We present an 11-year-old boy who had frontometaphyseal dysplasia with disfigured face due to bilaterally urinary tract malformation and chronic urinary tract infection. To improve facial appearance, his prominent supraorbital ridges were contoured by ostectomy and burring through bicoronal incision. Urologic operation was performed simultaneously. Histologically, resected bony specimen revealed bony tissue with normal trabecular pattern suggesting exostotic bone. The patient healed without any postoperative complications and he and his parents were satisfied with his final facial morphology.
Child ; Connective Tissue ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperostosis ; Male ; Malocclusion ; Parents ; Postoperative Complications ; Skull ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections

No abstract available.
Spine*

Herpes zoster is characterized by several groups of vesicles on an erythematous base situated unilaterally within the distribution of a single spinal or cranial sensory ganglion. Recurrent herpes zoster is rare and may be associated with severe immunocompromised state. Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection is associated with an increased incidence of zoster, which tends to be severe, presumably due to HIV-induced depression of cellular immunity. We report a case of a 46-year-old female who was presented with recurrent herpes zoster and concurrent HIV infection.
Depression ; Female ; Ganglia, Sensory ; Herpes Zoster* ; HIV Infections ; HIV* ; Humans* ; Immunity, Cellular ; Incidence ; Middle Aged

Primary cutaneous CD30+ large cell lymphoma(LCL) is a rare cutaneous peripheral T cell lymphoma with a favorable prognosis. This lymphoma characteristically presents itself as a solitary or localized skin tumor with frequent cutaneous relapses and partial or complete spontaneous remission. Recently we saw a sixty-three year old male who had developed primary cutaneous CD30+ large cell lymphoma that waxed and waned. He presented with localized multiple nodules that had shown repetitive spontaneous regression and recurrences with the same morphology in the same area for several years. There was no evidence of nodal and visceral involvement. The immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that most neoplastic cells in the tumor were positive for CD30 and pan-T cells and negative for pan-B cells, S-100 proteins, EMA and monocyte-macrophage related antigen(CD68).
Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; Male ; Prognosis ; Recurrence* ; Remission, Spontaneous ; S100 Proteins ; Skin

No abstract available.
Dermoscopy* ; Diagnosis

The purpose of this study was to explore the late schooler's health concept and health behavior. The research was a descriptive method using a self-report questionnaire which include semi open-ended questions. the subjects were 4581ate schooler's from 4 to 6 grade. The results were as follows : 1. Perceived health concepts were 'having no illness' 'having normal physical feature and strength' 'eating food well' 'take exercise' 'having a bright mind' 'having good interpersonal relationships' 'having strong will' 'recovering well'. 2. Perceived health behaviors to maintain health were 'taking proper exercise' 'eating proper food' 'maintaining cleanliness' 'taking sufficient rest and sleep' 'having a vigor life and positive thought' 'having good interterpersonal relationships' 'receiving health check and immunization'. 3. Health behaviors carried out at present were 'taking proper exercise' 'eating proper food' 'having a vigor life and positive thought' 'receiving health check an immunization' 'taking supplementary drugs' 'having a regular life' 'maintaining cleanliness' 'maintaining warmth'. 4. Perceived causes of illness were 'taking inproper food' 'uncleanliness' 'insufficient warmth or environment' 'lack of exercise or overexertion' 'irregular life habits' 'contact with germs' 'mental stress'. 5. Perceived treatments of illness were 'having sufficient rest and sleep' 'mental relaxation' 'eating food' 'maintinging cleanliness' 'maintaining . warmth' 'taking supplementary drug' 'receiving medical treatment'.
Health Behavior* ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Asthma*

We report a case of drug eruption and liver damage due to diaminodiphenyl suIfone(DDS) ingestion in a 17-year-old female. This patient had taken DDS for 20 days, 100mg-200mg daily to treat an unknown skin disease. Thereafter, she had generalized erythematous eruption on whole body, icteric sclera and fever. Liver function test showed abnormality (SGOT 514 unit, SGPT 710 unit, alkarine phosphotase 4. 3 B.U., total biIirubin 7. Oml/dl, direct bilirubin 4. 8mg/dl). The adverse reactiions to DDS are gastrointestinal intolerance, hemolytic, anemia, methemoglobinemia, agranulocytoais, hepatitis, neuritis, psychosis and a skin rash described as a fixed drug eruption, erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis and toxic epidermal necrolysis. In Korea, DDS has been used for the treatment of skin diseases of various types for a long time without prescription, especially in rural areas. This trend is a significant sociomediical problem in Korea.
Adolescent ; Alanine Transaminase ; Anemia ; Bilirubin ; Dermatitis, Exfoliative ; Drug Eruptions* ; Eating ; Erythema Multiforme ; Exanthema ; Female ; Fever ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Function Tests ; Liver* ; Methemoglobinemia ; Neuritis ; Prescriptions ; Psychotic Disorders ; Sclera ; Skin Diseases ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome