No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody on the survival of retinal ganglion cell (RGC)-5 cells differentiated with staurosporine under oxidative stress. METHODS: We used real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot to confirm the expression of VEGF, VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1 and VEGFR-2 in RGC-5 cells differentiated with staurosporine for 6 hours. The differentiated RGC-5 cells were treated with 800 µM hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) for 24 hours to induce oxidative stress. Then, the survival rate of RGC-5 was confirmed by lactate dehydrogenase assay at each concentration (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg) using bevacizumab as the anti-VEGF antibody. The expression of VEGF, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 was confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: VEGF, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 were all expressed in differentiated RGC-5 cells. When RGC-5 cells were simultaneously treated with bevacizumab and 800 µM H₂O₂, survival of RGC-5 decreased with bevacizumab concentration. VEGF expression in RGC-5 cells increased with increasing concentration of bevacizumab. Similar patterns were observed for VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, but the degree of increase was smaller than that for VEGF. CONCLUSIONS: When bevacizumab was administered to differentiated RGC-5 cells, the cell damage caused by oxidative stress increased. Therefore, given these in vitro study results, caution should be exercised with bevacizumab treatment.
Bevacizumab ; Blotting, Western ; Endothelial Growth Factors* ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; In Vitro Techniques ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Oxidative Stress ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ; Retinal Ganglion Cells* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Staurosporine ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between LLFDI and quality of sleep in older men with prostatic hypertrophic symptoms. METHODS: The secondary analysis of data collected for the 2nd stage BK(Brain Korea)21 project was performed. The original data were collected using a cross-sectional, face-to-face, and private interview method. The questionnaires consisted of prostatic hypertrophic symptoms, late-life function and disability, quality of sleep, and demographic profiles. RESULTS: A total of 112 older men included in this study. The major findings of this study were as follow; 1) 29.5% of participants had more than moderate symptoms of prostatic hypertrophy. 2) There were a significant positive correlation of prostatic hypertrophic symptoms with subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction found, whereas there was a negative relationship with frequency dimension. 3) The LLFDI is significantly associated with urgency, weak stream, and intermittency. The quality of sleep is significantly associated with weak stream which explained 11.2% of variance. CONCLUSION: These results may contribute to a better understanding late-life function and disability, quality of sleep in older men with prostatic hypertrophic symptoms. Therefore, health programs for prompting older men's health should be planned based on results of the study.
Humans ; Male ; Men's Health ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Rivers

To enhance the predictability of aesthetic treatment outcomes in aesthetic prosthetic restorations, considerations must include analysis of facial features, the relationship between teeth and lips, proportions of tooth width/length, gingival form, and more.Traditional diagnostic wax-ups have limitations in considering the patient’s facial features and are unable to facilitate rapid formmodifications. With recent advancements in digital technology, it is now possible to digitize the patient’s facial features in three dimensions, enabling the design of restorations that harmonize with facial features. These digital workflows not only improve efficiency but also provide patients with faster visualization of treatment outcomes, thereby enhancing motivation. Therefore, in this case, a treatment plan is devised to utilize digital diagnostic wax-ups considering the patient’s facial features for the finalprosthetic design.

To enhance the predictability of aesthetic treatment outcomes in aesthetic prosthetic restorations, considerations must include analysis of facial features, the relationship between teeth and lips, proportions of tooth width/length, gingival form, and more.Traditional diagnostic wax-ups have limitations in considering the patient’s facial features and are unable to facilitate rapid formmodifications. With recent advancements in digital technology, it is now possible to digitize the patient’s facial features in three dimensions, enabling the design of restorations that harmonize with facial features. These digital workflows not only improve efficiency but also provide patients with faster visualization of treatment outcomes, thereby enhancing motivation. Therefore, in this case, a treatment plan is devised to utilize digital diagnostic wax-ups considering the patient’s facial features for the finalprosthetic design.

To enhance the predictability of aesthetic treatment outcomes in aesthetic prosthetic restorations, considerations must include analysis of facial features, the relationship between teeth and lips, proportions of tooth width/length, gingival form, and more.Traditional diagnostic wax-ups have limitations in considering the patient’s facial features and are unable to facilitate rapid formmodifications. With recent advancements in digital technology, it is now possible to digitize the patient’s facial features in three dimensions, enabling the design of restorations that harmonize with facial features. These digital workflows not only improve efficiency but also provide patients with faster visualization of treatment outcomes, thereby enhancing motivation. Therefore, in this case, a treatment plan is devised to utilize digital diagnostic wax-ups considering the patient’s facial features for the finalprosthetic design.

BACKGROUND: Follicular neoplasm (FN) or Hurthle cell neoplasm (HN) is a less well understood pitfall when evaluating thyroid nodule with fine-needle aspiration (FNA). This study aimed to determine the rates of malignancy and the predictive factors for malignancy in thyroid nodules with a cytological diagnosis of FN or HN. METHODS: The patients who were cytologically diagnosed as having FN or HN after FNA between 1995 and 2004 at Asan Medical Center were included in this study. We collected the pathology data until 2009 and we analyzed the clinical characteristics associated with malignancy. RESULTS: A total 478 patients were cytologically diagnosed as having FN or HN during the study period and 327 (68%) among them underwent thyroid surgery. Thyroid malignancy was confirmed in 157 (48%) of 327 patients. Malignancy was confirmed in 124 patients with FN (124/253, 49%). They were 48 papillary, 65 follicular, 7 Hurthle cell and 3 medullary carcinomas and 1 anaplastic carcinoma. The malignancy in the cases of HN (33/71, 44.6%) was 9 papillary, 4 follicular and 20 Hurthle cell carcinomas. The risk of malignancy was not associated with male gender, a larger tumor size (> 4 cm) or the diagnosis of HN. However, an age below 20 years (RR 3.6, P = 0.03) and above 60 years (RR 2.3, P = 0.04) was associated with an increased risk of malignancy. CONCLUSION: About half of the patients with FN or HN on FNA cytology were diagnosed as having thyroid cancer after surgery. The malignancy rate for the cytologic diagnosis of HN was similar to that for FN. Thyroid surgery should be recommended for this situation, and especially for patients younger than 20 years or older than 60 years.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; Humans ; Male ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Nodule

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is associated with tumor genesis, growth, progression and metastasis, and acts by blocking caspase-mediated apoptosis. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the expression patterns of XIAP in various neoplastic thyroid disorders and determine the association between XIAP expression and clinicopathologic factors. Expression of XIAP was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal anti-XIAP in 164 specimens of conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and 53 specimens of other malignant or benign thyroid tumors. XIAP positivity was observed in 128 (78%) of the 164 conventional PTC specimens. Positive rates of XIAP expression in follicular variant PTC, follicular, medullary, poorly differentiated, and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma specimens were 20%, 25%, 38%, 67%, and 38%, respectively. Six nodular hyperplasia specimens were negative and 1 of 7 follicular adenomas (8%) was positive for XIAP. Lateral neck lymph node metastases were more frequent in patients negative for XIAP expression (P = 0.01). Immunohistochemical staining for XIAP as a novel molecular marker may thus be helpful in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Moreover, high XIAP expression in conventional PTC is strongly associated with reduced risk of lateral neck lymph node metastasis.
Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology/metabolism/*pathology ; X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein/immunology/*metabolism

BACKGROUND: Various staging systems for thyroid cancer that focus on cancer specific death have been suggested, but this approach had a limitation due to the relatively long clinical course and very low rate of cancer death. This study was performed to evaluate the staging systems and to determine the most predictive staging system for predicting recurrence. METHODS: The patients who underwent first total or near total thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) at Asan Medical Center between January 1995 and December 2001 were the subjects of this study. The commonly used 8 staging systems were applied to these subjects. Disease free survival (DFS) and the relative importance of each staging system were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method, the Cox-proportional hazards model and the proportion of variation in the survival time explained (PVE). RESULTS: A total of 952 patients (M = 117, F = 835) were enrolled and their mean age was 45 years. During a median of 10 years of follow-up, 146 (15.3%) of 952 patients had recurred tumor. The independent prognostic factors were male gender, tumor size, extrathyroidal invasion and cervical lymph node metastasis. Risk stratification according to the American thyroid association (ATA) guideline was the most predictive staging system for recurrence of PTC (PVE 88.6%). The staging systems from EORTC (PVE 79.5%), and MACIS (PVE 68.4%) had significant values for predicting recurrence of PTC. The stage of NTCTCS could not predict recurrence (PVE 4.5%, P = 0.11). CONCLUSION: Risk stratification according to the ATA was most predictive staging system for predicting recurrence of PTC. The MACIS and EORTC staging systems have good value for predicting recurrence of PTC.
Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Disease-Free Survival ; Factor IX ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Recurrence ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroidectomy

Synovial sarcoma is a rare malignancy in the thoracic cavity, especially in the mediastinum. In this paper, a case of primary mediastinal synovial sarcoma is reported. A 34-year-old woman was hospitalized with dyspnea. Her chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) showed a 16x13x11 cm mass in her anterior mediastinal space. Surgical resection was performed but was incomplete. The pathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of monophasic spindle cell synovial sarcoma. The patient underwent adjuvant radiotherapy for two months, but local recurrence and metastasis occurred in her pleural cavity. She eventually underwent chemotherapy for one year and died 18 months after her operation.
Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Mediastinum ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pleural Cavity ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Recurrence ; Sarcoma ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; Thoracic Cavity ; Thorax