No abstract available.
Blood Group Incompatibility

Heat and moisture exchanger filters (HMEF), used for humidification of patient respiratory gas and filtering microorganisms can cause airway obstruction. We experienced serious airway obstruction in a HMEF after making hydrothorax for high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) procedure. The airway obstruction was difficult to differentiate from severe bronchospasm irresponsive to bronchodilator therapy. It was relieved dramatically after we removed the filter from the breathing circuit as soon as we detected air-fluid meniscus in it.
Airway Obstruction ; Bronchial Spasm ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydrothorax ; Respiration

The aims of this study were to analyze annual trends of charcoal burning (CB) suicide, 2000 to 2011, and to examine the risk factors of CB suicide in Korea. Data on suicides (n=138,938) were obtained from the Statistics Korea. The proportion of CB suicides among all suicide deaths reported was 0.7% (84 cases) in 2007, and since 2008 it has rapidly increased to 7.9% (1,251 cases) in 2011. Of significant risk factors of CB suicide, the presence of the media report of Ahn's suicide was the greatest risk factor (adjusted odds ratio, 11.69; 95% CI, 10.30-13.23) of the initial phase of the continuing CB suicides since 2008. Korean Government should urgently consider effective measures against CB suicide, including enforced media regulations on reporting such suicides.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Charcoal ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mass Media/*statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Suicide/psychology/*statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Young Adult

The aims of this study were to analyze annual trends of charcoal burning (CB) suicide, 2000 to 2011, and to examine the risk factors of CB suicide in Korea. Data on suicides (n=138,938) were obtained from the Statistics Korea. The proportion of CB suicides among all suicide deaths reported was 0.7% (84 cases) in 2007, and since 2008 it has rapidly increased to 7.9% (1,251 cases) in 2011. Of significant risk factors of CB suicide, the presence of the media report of Ahn's suicide was the greatest risk factor (adjusted odds ratio, 11.69; 95% CI, 10.30-13.23) of the initial phase of the continuing CB suicides since 2008. Korean Government should urgently consider effective measures against CB suicide, including enforced media regulations on reporting such suicides.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Charcoal ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mass Media/*statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Suicide/psychology/*statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Young Adult

Objectives: The use of qualitative healthcare services or its discrepancy between different income levels of the type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients has seldom been studied concurrently. The present study is unique that regarding T2D patients of early stages of diagnosis. Aimed to assess the utilization of qualitative healthcare services and influence of income levels on the inequality of care among newly diagnosed patients with T2D. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 7590 patients was conducted by the National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort 2.0 from 2002 to 2015. Insured employee in 2013 with no history of T2D between 2002 and 2012 were included. The standard of diabetes care includes hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc; 4 times/y), eyes (once/y) and lipid abnormalities (once/y). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the difference between income levels and inequality of care. Results: From years 1 to 3, rates of appropriate screening fell from 16.9% to 14.1% (HbA1c), 15.8% to 14.5% (eye), and 59.2% to 33.2% (lipid abnormalities). Relative to income class 5 (the highest-income group), HbA1 screening was significantly less common in class 2 (year 2: odds ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61 to 0.99; year 3: OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.91). In year 1, lipid screening was less common in class 1 (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.98) than in class 5, a trend that continued in year 2. Eye screening rates were consistently lower in class 1 than in class 5 (year 1: OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.89; year 2: OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.78; year 3: OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.99). Conclusions Newly diagnosed T2D patients have shown low rate of HbA1c and screening for diabetic-related complications and experienced inequality in relation to receiving qualitative diabetes care by income levels.

A 6-year-old-man with a severe pectus excavatum and marfanoid feature was admitted for the correction of pectus excavatum. Nuss procedure was recently introduced, because of its excellent effect from the cosmetic point of view. This method is that convex steel bar is inserted under the sternum through small bilateral thoracic incisions, and when it is in position, the bar is turn over, thereby correction the deformity. We experienced a case of the cardiac arrest during the rotation of a stainless steel bar. After the injection of atropine, epinephrine and the closed cardiac massage, sinus rhythm was restored. A vasovagal reflex due to the operation could be considered the possible etiology.
Atropine ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Epinephrine ; Funnel Chest* ; Heart Arrest* ; Heart Massage ; Humans ; Reflex ; Stainless Steel* ; Steel ; Sternum

Nuss procedure offers excellent outcome effect in the cosmetic point of view, but the complications such as cardiac perforation, pericardial effusion, constrictive pericarditis, hemothorax, pneumothorax and bar displacement sometimes occur. We experienced a 13-year-old-male, who showed the profound hypotension with bradycardia due to the cardiac perforation and the lung laceration during the pericardiectomy and the removal of pectus bar. Emergent partial cardiopulmonary bypass was initiated and then, ruptured right atrium and lung laceration were repaired without the remarkable complications. In anesthetic management of the pectus excavatum. This case reveals that special attention should be paid to those with cardiac perforation and lung laceration.
Bradycardia ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Funnel Chest* ; Heart Atria ; Hemothorax* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Lacerations ; Lung ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pericardiectomy* ; Pericarditis, Constrictive* ; Pneumothorax

The general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia have many advantages, which are including early recovery, postoperative analgesia, and less requirement of inhalation anesthetic. But the complications of epidural anesthesia such as total spinal anesthesia, respiratory depression, myocardial ischemia, and local anesthetic toxicity can lead to cardiac arrest. We report a case of acute myocardial infarction in a 74-year-old female patient receiving general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia. The profound hypotension without bradycardia and ST-segment elevation in lead II occurred 1 hour after local anesthetic injection and cardiac arrest followed. After the injection of atropine, epinephrine and dopamine, and external cardiac massage, sinus rhythm was restored. Postoperative serial examinations of ECG showed ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, aVF and serum enzymes such as CPK, CK-MB, and Troponin T were elevated. Emergency percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed and the patient recovered uneventfully.
Aged ; Analgesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Atropine ; Bradycardia ; Dopamine ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; Heart Massage ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Inhalation ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Troponin T

Herpes zoster in infancy is very rare but can be developed following intrauterine or postnatal exposure to varicella zoster virus. We report a case of herpes zoster in a 4-month-old male infant. He had no prior history of primary varicella or varicella vaccination. His mother had no history of varicella infection and no contact history with varicella during pregnancy. He had a history of exposure to his father with herpes zoster 3 months ago, and to his cousin with convalescent chickenpox 2 months ago. Multinucleated, giant cells were shown on a Tzanck smear. He was treated with acyclovir and first generation cephalosporin for herpes zoster with Staphylococcal skin infection, with complete resolution without sequelae.
Acyclovir ; Chickenpox ; Fathers ; Giant Cells ; Herpes Zoster ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Staphylococcal Skin Infections ; Vaccination

OBJECTIVE: Low birth weight (LBW) infants are known to be at the risk of increased morbidity and mortality, and also of developing adult or metabolic diseases later in their life. Recently, the number of LBW infants has increased in Korea. Therefore, we examined the changing patterns of LBW infants and associated risk factors. METHODS: Data from the Korean National Statistical Office during 13 years (1995-2007) were used. We analyzed the changing mean gestational age, mean birth weight, mean maternal age, and the changing incidence of premature infant, LBW infant, multiple births, the proportion of first baby, and sex of the baby. Also, we analyzed the incidence of unmarried mother, old aged mother (>35 years), young aged mother (<20 years), high school graduated mother. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between LBW infants and risk factors. RESULTS: The incidence of LBW infants was 2.99% in 1995, and 4.66% in 2007. The proportion of premature infant, multiple birth, first baby, unmarried mother, old aged mother, female baby increased. The increase in premature infant, multiple birth, old aged mother, unmarried mother, and female infant were found to be the important factors regarding increase in LBW infants in Korea. CONCLUSION: In Korea, an increase in the prevalence of LBW infants and prematurity from 1995 to 2007 was observed. The increase in premature infants, multiple birth, old aged mother, unmarried mother, and female infant are associated with the increase in LBW infants.
Adult ; Aged ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Illegitimacy ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Korea ; Maternal Age ; Metabolic Diseases ; Mothers ; Multiple Birth Offspring ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors