If the seven constants were changed,the result of specimen testing would be affected directly.When we understand the meaning of the seven constants.the job of medical equipment maintenance and care will become more effective.Meanwhile,we should pay attention to the influence on the result caused by other factors of a constant besides the seven Coulter Constants.

Objective To study the causes of congenital hypospadias fistula and the repair methods,summarize surgical experience,and improve the success rate of fistula repair.Method s From January 2001 to February 2011,33 cases of urinary fistula after hypospadias urethroplasty were collected,the average age being 6.2 years (3 to 13 years).A total of 38 fistula were found,17 with fistula diameter of less than 3 mm,16 with fistula diameter of 3 - 10 mm,5 greater than 10 mm.Ligation embedding method were used,Y-V flap coverage method,a continuous inverted fistula suture,Thiersch method,Denis-Browne method and the U shaped flap covering method were used for multi-urinary fistula repair.Among the 33 cases,successful repair was found in 30 cases,with normal urination during flollow- up,good penile appearance,the success rate being 90.9%.Results The causes of hypospadias fistula after surgery in children are:vascularized free when properly drawn,resulting in poor blood supply to the flap; urine drainage was not smooth,resulting in premature suture wounds soaked in urine,causing infection; distal urethral stricture,high pressure within the urethra during urination,causing anastomotic dehiscence; suture materials of poor quality; technical immaturity.Conclusions The repair of urinary fistula after hypospadias in children has a variety of surgical procedures,choice of which should be based on fistula location,size,quantity and local conditions.

Objective To clone rat neuroglobulin (NGB) gene and construct its eukaryotic expression vector. Methods The total RNA was extracted from Wistar rat brain and the full length cDNA encoding NGB was obtained by RT-PCR. After the sequence was confirmed by sequencing and BLAST, it was inserted in the eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3.1 (+), then the sequence and reading frame were confirmed by two restriction endonucleases and sequencing. Results The NGB gene was cloned with four bases mutated and its eukaryotic expression vector was constructed. Conclusion NGB expressed in Wistar rat brain. NGB gene was successfully cloned and inserted in eukaryotic expression vector.

Objective To observe the protective effect of recombinant plasmid pCDNA3.1(+)/Ngb during focal cerebral ischemia in rat brain.Methods Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal saline(NS)control group,plasmid control group,and recombinant neuroglobulin group.NS,plasmid pCDNA3.1(+)and recombinant plasmid pCDNA3.1(+)/Ngb were respectively injected into two sites of the rat cerebra1 cortex 24 hours before induction of neocortical focal ischemia by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 24 hours.The condition of local ischemic damage,expression of bcl-2 and the apoptosis in neural cells were confirmed by staining with 2% 2.3.5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride,in-site cell apoptosis detection,indirect immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting,respectively.Results The extent of cerebral infarction tissue and the apoptosis cells in the pCDNA3.1(+)/Ngb group were significantly reduced than those in other control groups(P

The cascade release of cytokine the critical aggravation factor for acute pancreatitis,induces the multi-ple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death at last. Nuclear factor-kappa B as a number of regulation of the nuclear factor can specific bind with a variety of gene promoter sites κB site, which cause inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, pathophysiologic reaction. The specific inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B can inhibit the activity of nu-clear factor-kappaB, inhibit the body's inflammatory response, and improve the prognosis of acute pancreatitis; it may be a potential target site for acute pancreatitis therapy. However, the other researches also found that inhibition of nuclear facter-κB could significantly increase the aggravation of acute pancreatitis. Accordingly, nuclear factor-kappa B research possess the important rank about the body's inflammatory respanse.

Objective] Calrify the inherent laws of the appearance of Neijing’s viscera-state theory of spleen, enhancing the cognition of life view of traditional Chinese medicine’s ability. [Methods]Using the genetic methods to discuss the physiological function, physiological characteristics and physiognomy of spleen, as well as social, cultural, philosophical background and method of thinking construction. [Results] Under the guidance of the overall concept and from the pre-Qin rank system, cultural thoughts of Confucianist and Taoists, Yin-Yang five elements philosophy doctrine,by using the analogism methods and observation methods of “ estimating interior by taking charge of exterior” and the opinion of middlebrow and harmony, construct the basic frame of viscera-state theory of spleen.[Conclusion] The genetic method of TCM is an important way to deepen the level of Chinese medicine theory.

Objective To prepare the composite of Polycaprolactone(PCL) and Bone powder(BP) for bone repairing,and evaluate the biocompatibility of the material.Methods The materials were prepared in college of chemical engineering and materials science,Shanghai Jiaotong University,and the animal tests were fulfilled in Animal Experimental Center of the Second Military Medical University of PLA from June 2010 to March 2011.The PCL and BP were blended together to get the copolymer by haake ( Rheocord 900 ) torque rheometer.Then the extracts of the material in DMEM for 24 hours were obtained.Firstly biological safety detection of the materials was performed:①cytotoxicity test:the extracts were mixed with DMEM to seed rabbit osteoblasts for 24 hours.The cell proliferation was detected by MTT method.The cell proliferation rate and toxicity grate were also calculated ( cytotoxicity of grade 0 or 1 was qualified).②hemolysis test:the extracts were mixed with fresh rabbit blood,hemolysis rate were calculated ( hemolysis mte less than 5％ was qualified).③pyrogenic test:the extracts were injected into the rabbit ear vein with the dose of 10 ml/kg.The anus temperature was measured per hour for three times.The elevator degree was calculated by subtracting the natural temperature from the highest one.Secondly,cellular adhesion test of the material composite was performed.The composite was casted on the cover glasses.The samples were put in 6-well tissue culture plates,totally 6 × 104 osteoblasts were seeded each well and cultured for 3 days.The cells were observed at 24 and 72 hours of culture,and photography was performed using inverted phase contrast microscope.④general toxioity test:the extracts were injected into mouse vein with the dose of 50 ml/kg.The toxic symptoms were observed within 72 hours.Results The novel copolymer of PCL/BP was prepared.①Biological safety:the cell viability of the composite was 87.8％ and cytotoxicity was grade 1.The hemolysis rate was 2.4％,less than 5％.The maximal variety of body temperature in rabbits were 0.4℃,which accorded with the national standard ( ＜0.6℃ ).The general toxicity test showed that there were no adverse effects in the animals,such as death,convulsion,paralysis,respiratory depression,diarrhea and decreasing weight.②Cell adhesion:adhesive cells manifold obviously and assembled 24 hours later,inosculated gradually 3 days later,and the cells were in good fettle.Conclusion The composite of PCL/BP accords with cytotoxicity demand of the biological materials,presenting no toxicity,pyrogenicity or hemolysis.It possesses good biocompatibility and cellular adhesion.

Objective To investigate the quality of life (QOL) of the primary caregivers of children with autism and find the influencing factors.Methods 163 caregivers of children with autism were assessed with short form 36 health survey questionnaire(SF-36) in Chinese,and the data were analyzed by correlation.Results The QOL of the caregivers was injured in many fields.The scores of the eight dimensions of SF-36 were listed respectively as:physical functioning (PF) 84.69 ± 16.39,role limitation due to physical health (RP) 28.87 ± 22.85,bodily pain (BP) 64.72 ± 21.85,general health perception (GH) 50.06 ± 21.80,vitality (VT) 42.79 ± 23.42,social functioning (SF) 52.76 ± 25.46,role limitations due to emotional problems (RE) 32.10 ± 22.27,mental health (MH) 46.17 ± 24.43.The QOL of the primary caregiver was closely related to the caregiver's age,educational level,the family economical situation and time of caring (P ＜ 0.01),and also related to the children's age,autism procedure (P＜0.05).There was no relationship betwecn the QOL and the children's gender,time of participating in rehabilitation training,whether the only child or not,type of medical expense,the caregiver's gender,nationality,marital status,religion,relation with the children,and the family residence.Conclusions The QOL of the primary caregivers of children with autism is affected seriously,and should be intervened accordingly.

ObjectiveTo investigate the level of caregiver burden of primary caregivers of children with autism,and explore the factors related to caregiver burden.Methods 177 caregivers of children with autism were tested with caregiver burden inventory(CBI) and childhood autism rating scale(CARS).A cross-sectional and multisite study design was used.ResultsThe scores of caregiver burden was ( 57.50 ± 14.91 ),and time-dependence burden and developmental burden were the most serious domains.Caregiver burden was affected by caregiver's age,caregiver's religious beliefs,caregiver's marital status,caregiver employment status and education degree and children's scores of CARS and degree of CARS( -0.151 ≤ r ≤0.282,P＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe data suggest that community care workers should pay attention to caregivers of children with autism and give them personalized health education and intervention according to the demographic characteristics of the caregivers and the severity of children disease.

Fatty liver disease is caused by abnormal accumulation of lipids within hepatocytes. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, lipids belong to the category of essence obtained from cereals and the normal distribution of essence relies on the function of spleen yang. When spleen yang is injured, the normal distribution of essence (lipids) will be affected, leading to formation of phlegm retention in the liver. That is the TCM pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. Hence the treatment of fatty liver disease should be concentrated on warming yang to activate qi. With such a treatment, the normal distribution of essence will be restored, essence will be distributed, and phlegm will be dissipated.