No abstract available.
Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch* ; Streptococcal Infections*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to obtain the accurate information on the obesity indices, such as body mass index(BMI), relative weight and waist-hip ratio(WHR) and to investigate their relationship in order to assess the childhood and adolescent obesity more appropriately. METHODS: In May, 1995, a total of 6943(male; 3469, female; 3474) students from primary, middle and high schools in Seoul were selected and each students height, weight, waist and hip circumference data were collected. RESULTS: The BMI increased with age in both sexes. From age 12 to 16, values of BMI 50th percentiles for females exceeded those for males. And the BMI 95th percentiles at the age of 13 to 14 years were higher for females than for males. The prevalence of obesity by relative weight was higher in males than in females(male ; 17.9%, female ; 13.1%). The WHR was higher in males than females in all age group and decreased with age in both sexes, showing more sharp reduction in females. Strong correlations were observed between the BMI and the relative weight, and the BMI and the relative weight correlated closely with WHR. The WHR was significanly higher in obese group' than in non-obese group. In the female obese group aged 6 to 11 years, no significant correlation was found between the relative weight and the WHR. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant relationships between the indices of obesity and body fat distribution. This study suggests that WHR as well as BMI and relative weight might be useful in assessing the childhood and adolescent obesity.
Adolescent* ; Body Fat Distribution ; Body Mass Index* ; Child* ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Pediatric Obesity ; Prevalence ; Seoul* ; Waist-Hip Ratio*

PURPOSE: This treatment planning study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of beam angle configuration of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) on the dose of the normal liver in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The computed tomography datasets of 25 patients treated with IMRT for HCC were selected. Two IMRT plans using five beams were made in each patient; beams with equidistance of 72degrees (Plan I), and beams with a 30degrees angle of separation entering the body near the tumor (Plan II). Both plans were generated using the same constraints in each patient. Conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), gamma index, mean dose of the normal liver (Dmean_NL), Dmean_NL difference between the two plans, and percentage normal liver volumes receiving at least 10, 20, and 30 Gy (V10, V20, and V30) were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: Dmean_NL, V10, and V20 were significantly better for Plan II. The Dmean_NL was significantly lower for peripheral (p = 0.001) and central tumors (p = 0.034). Dmean_NL differences between the two plans increased in proportion to gross tumor volume to normal liver volume ratios (p = 0.002). CI, HI, and gamma indices were not significantly different for the two plans. CONCLUSION: The IMRT plan based on beams with narrow separations reduced the irradiated dose of the normal liver, which would allow radiation dose escalation for HCC.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Humans ; Liver ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; Tumor Burden

Supernumerary kidney is one of the very rare anomalies of the urinary tract. Only about 75 cases have been reported since it was first described in 1656. Herein we present a case of supernumerary kidney which was diagnosed by ultrasonography, intravenous urography and CT scanning.
Kidney* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Tract ; Urography

No abstract available.
Animals ; Edema ; Endometrium* ; Female ; Mice* ; Uterus

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists as to whether or not inhalation anesthetics and intravenous anesthetics impair arterial oxygenation (PaO2) during one lung ventilation (OLV). Accordingly, we examined the effect of enflurane and propofol on PaO2 and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) during OLV. METHODS: Forty patients, who had prolonged periods of OLV anesthesia with minimal trauma to the nonventilated lung were studied in a cross over design. Patients were randomized to four groups; Group 1 received 1 MAC of enflurane and oxygen from induction until the first 20 min after complete lung collapse, then were switched to propofol 100 g/kg/min (P100). In group 2, the order of the anesthetics was reversed. Group 3, Group 4 received the same order of the anesthetics as Group 1, Group 2, respectively but received propofol 200 g/kg/min (P200). RESULTS: During OLV, the PaO2 values were lower than those with two lung ventilation (TLV), there were no significant differences among each groups and between propofol and enflurane in PaO2, but in the selected patients (n=10, PaO2<120 mmHg during OLV), PaO2 in propofol group was higher than that of enflurane group (p<0.05). Conversion from TLV to OLV caused a significant increase in PVR, but there were no difference in PVR between propofol and enflurane group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the usual clinical dose of propofol affords no advantage over 1 MAC of enflurane anesthesia except low PaO2 patients during OLV. Propofol might be of value in risk patients of hypoxemia during thoracic surgery when OLV is planned.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Anoxia ; Cross-Over Studies ; Enflurane* ; Humans ; Lung ; One-Lung Ventilation* ; Oxygen* ; Propofol* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Thoracic Surgery ; Vascular Resistance ; Ventilation

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of rebonded ceramic brackets according to each condition and find an appropriate method to rebond ceramic brackets with proper shear bond strength in clinical practice. METHODS: The study consisted of 12 experimental groups, according to the types of brackets, debonding methods, and treatment methods of the bracket base. Shear bond strength was measured, and adhesive residues left on the tooth surface were assessed. The base of the bracket was examined under scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The shear bond strength of the monocrystalline ceramic bracket group was significantly higher than thatof the polycrystalline bracket group with only sandblasting (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in shear bond strength between groups that used rebonded brackets which were debonded with shear force and debonded with laser (p > 0.05). The shear bond strength of the sandblasted/silane group was significantly higher than that of the selectively grinded group with a low-speed round bur and the sandblasted only group (p < 0.001). The retentive structure was more presented in groups where laser was applied than in groups where shear force was applied to debond brackets prior to rebonding. The bracket bases which were treated before rebonding presented smoother surfaces than new brackets. CONCLUSIONS: Shear bond strength could be increased by applying a silane coupling agent after sandblasting before rebonding. Also, the bond strength of the selectively grinded group with a low-speed round bur and the sandblasted group showed acceptable bond strength for clinical orthodontic treatment.
Adhesives ; Ceramics ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Tooth

A foreign body reaction to biodegradable fixation materials for internal fixation of a variety of fractures and osteotomies has been described since nineteen eighty five. Polyglycolide and other biodegradable poly-alpha-hydroxyacids such as polylactide (PLA) or polydioxanone (PDS) causes a non-specific inflammatory reaction with invasion of macrophages, multinucleated foreign body giant cells and neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The wood and needle fish were reported to cause foreign body reaction by several authors. But there is no report about aseptic synovitis caused by intraarticular stainless steel foreign body. So we report a case of aseptic synovitis reaction to stainless steel treated successfully by arthroscopic surgery and discuss the possible reasons for this inflammatory reaction.
Arthroscopy ; Foreign Bodies* ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Macrophages ; Needles ; Neutrophils ; Osteotomy ; Polydioxanone ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Stainless Steel* ; Synovitis* ; Wood

Purpose: To identify the factors associated with postoperative strabismus by endoscopic orbital decompression in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review conducted using the data from 35 patients with TAO (13 with postoperative strabismus and 22 with postoperative non-strabismus) who underwent endoscopic orbital decompression. Hertel exophthalmometry, prism strabismus test, and thyroid-related autoantibody test were performed, and extraocular muscle (EOM) area was calculated using orbital computed tomography. Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that all EOM areas were significantly different between the postoperative strabismus group and non-strabismus group (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis including borderline significant (p < 0.1) variables (age and sex) showed that male sex (β = -3.346, p = 0.031) and left lateral rectus area (β = 0.181, p = 0.046) were associated with postoperative strabismus. In the postoperative strabismus group, there were nine patients with horizontal strabismus and four patients with complex strabismus. In the horizontal strabismus group, the angle of strabismus was positively correlated with the left medial rectus (LMR) area (r = 0.749, p = 0.020). In the complex strabismus group, the vertical angle of strabismus was positively correlated with the left inferior rectus (LIR) area (r = 0.949, p = 0.048). Conclusions Sex and lateral rectus muscle area were associated with postoperative strabismus by endoscopic orbital decompression in patients with TAO. The areas of LMR and LIR, in particular, were positively correlated with horizontal and vertical angles, respectively. These results could be considered predictive of strabismus after endoscopic orbital decompression.

Purpose: To identify the factors associated with postoperative strabismus by endoscopic orbital decompression in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review conducted using the data from 35 patients with TAO (13 with postoperative strabismus and 22 with postoperative non-strabismus) who underwent endoscopic orbital decompression. Hertel exophthalmometry, prism strabismus test, and thyroid-related autoantibody test were performed, and extraocular muscle (EOM) area was calculated using orbital computed tomography. Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that all EOM areas were significantly different between the postoperative strabismus group and non-strabismus group (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis including borderline significant (p < 0.1) variables (age and sex) showed that male sex (β = -3.346, p = 0.031) and left lateral rectus area (β = 0.181, p = 0.046) were associated with postoperative strabismus. In the postoperative strabismus group, there were nine patients with horizontal strabismus and four patients with complex strabismus. In the horizontal strabismus group, the angle of strabismus was positively correlated with the left medial rectus (LMR) area (r = 0.749, p = 0.020). In the complex strabismus group, the vertical angle of strabismus was positively correlated with the left inferior rectus (LIR) area (r = 0.949, p = 0.048). Conclusions Sex and lateral rectus muscle area were associated with postoperative strabismus by endoscopic orbital decompression in patients with TAO. The areas of LMR and LIR, in particular, were positively correlated with horizontal and vertical angles, respectively. These results could be considered predictive of strabismus after endoscopic orbital decompression.