This study was conducted to analyze the relations among nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude eating practice and total nutritional diagnosis and also to find the influencing factors of them. The survey was done during the period from April 1990 to June 1990 and the target population were Ewha Woman's University students (freshmen and senior) of whom 1,354 peoples were surveyed. The summarized results are as follows ; 1. For the learning environment, the percentage of completion on nutritional knowledge course was 28.6% and among them the department of foods and nutrition had the highest score(100.0%) and the next was dept. of medicine(53.4%). 2. To find the relation which the nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude, eating practice and the total nutritional diagnosis influence on one another, the multiple correlation analysis was done. The attitude the practice were highly correlated with total nutritional diagnosis, but the correlation between nutritional knowledge and total nutritional diagnosis was not significant. The correlation between the practice and nutritional knowledge which were positively and significantly correlated with attitude respectively was positive but not significant. 3. The difference which were analyzed by department, grade and completion on knowledge course on the nutritional knowledge, attitude, eating practice were significant (p<0.01) by ANOVA. 4. The significant variables on nutritional diagnosis are the eating practice points, the grade, the knowledge course, the breakfast and the attitude (r2=10.3%) by multiple regression analysis. This study has the limitation that it did not consider the environmental factors of dietary life such as dietary culture, family environment, cultural habit. Therefore important points of these dietary studies are to extend to the practical nutritional education and dietary improvement for the national health not restricted to the local area or local population.
Attitude ; Breakfast ; Diagnosis ; Eating* ; Education ; Female ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Learning

During the period of May 10 to June 6, 1987, we have conducted the survey about the number of the food daily taken and the in take of nutrition of the 83 pregnant women who have registered at Sudong Myun and Mikum-myun, Yangchu-gun which are demonstration are of the public health and medicine of the College of Medicine, Ewha Women's University, and of the 100 pregnant women who have been to the University Hospital attached to the above School. The result of the survey is as follows: 1) Among the above pregnant women, primigravida constituted 91 women and multigravida 92 women. As for the month of pregnancy, those who have been pregnant for ten months numbered 43 women (23.5%), which was the highest number. As for age, those who were 25 to 29 years old constituted 63.9%, which was the highest in percentage. 2) As for the level of education, those who graduated from high school constituted 49.2%, which was the highest in percentage. As for occupation, those who were entirely in charge of household affairs as housewives were 89.6%, which comprised most of the jobs held by the above women. 3) As for the composition of a family in environmental food and nutrition, one generation was 68.3%, and two member family was 42.6% which was the highest. As for those taking care of cooking and serving meals, housewives constituted 95.1%. 4) As for the economic situation of dietary life, those who were in the highest level (A level), were 47.0% in an urban area and 41.0% in rural area, which were the highest in percentage. 5) The food which the above people selected after being pregnant was fruit not only in an urban area, but also in a rural area. And in terms of the percentage of fruit, and urban area and a rural area showed 44.0% and 54.2% respectively. As for milk, and urban area and a rural area showed 28.0% and 8.4% respectively, which disclosed that the rate of a rural area was much lower than that of an urban area. 6) As for the number of food intake, 10-14 was 54.0% in an urban area, which was the highest. And 5-9 was 73.5% in a rural area, which was the highest. 7) As for the composition of food taken according to the number of food taken, meat showed the lowest rate in 5-9 group. (P<0.05) As the number of food taken increased, the rate of food taken(Points) increased (2.4). Milk and milk products showed al low rate in 5-9 group and 15-19 group (P<0.05). Fruit intake showed a similar rate in all groups. As for vegetables, the rate of intake was high, as the number of food taken increased. Cereals showed a similar rate in all troups. And the points of intake was high. As for fat, hte rate of intake was high, as the number of food taken increased. 8) In 5-9 group in the number of food intake, energy was 79.9% of RDA, protein was 64.9%, fat was 90.0%, carbohydrate was 81.6%, iron was 83.0%, calcium was 71.1%, vitamin A was 94.3%, vitamin B1 was 77.8%, vitamin B2 was 79.2%, and vitamin C was 88.2%, so that it showed the lowest sufficiency rate of RDA. 15-19 group maintained the balance in energy and all nutrients nearly. In 20-24 group, fat was 142.4%, vitamin B2 was 105.6% and vitamin C was 102.2%, so that it exceeded RDA.
Adult ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Edible Grain ; Cooking ; Eating* ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Iron ; Meals ; Meat ; Milk ; Occupations ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Public Health ; Riboflavin ; Thiamine ; Vegetables ; Vitamin A

Since Whitehead had described a circular hemorrhoidectomy in 1882, many surgeons adopted it for decades for patients with protruding anal deformity. After a few decades of performing Whitehead operation, devastating complications such as anal stricture, fecal incontinence, and wet anus with mucosal eversion had been reported on the literatures and then it was buried as an abandoned procedure by surgeons for a long period. Recently, a few prominent anal surgeons reported that they could avoid such devastating complications by introducing diverse modifications of the original Whitehead's operation. The authors analyzed 22 patients who had undergone original Whitehead circular hemorrhoidectomy with the technique of preserving most of the perianal skin and W-shaped circular incision during the period from 1991 to 1996, with special regard to the com plications such as anal stricture and anal mucosal eversion which have been debated on so far and reviewed the articles about these issues. In immediate postoperative period, suture failure and resultant non-surgery requiring, mild anal stricture were documented in 3 of the 22 cases(13.6%). On long-term follow-up with the mean period of 44 months (18~79 months) in 14 cases, except those 8 cases that were lost, with phone-call questionaire, 13 patients(93%) had quite normal anal functions. The authors would like to suggest that the original Whitehead's circular hemorrhoidec tomy is a valuable surgical technique to manage the protruding anal deformity if surgeons can avoid well known complications such as anal stricture and anal mucosal eversion by choosing a correct location of initial W-shaped incision to preserve as much perianal skin as possible.
Anal Canal ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Fecal Incontinence ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Humans ; Postoperative Period ; Skin* ; Sutures

Objective To investigate epidemiological and clinical features of patients with clonorchiasis sinensis infection. Methods The epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and treatment data of clonorchiasis patients in Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University from 2002 to 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Sixty-eight point two percent patients had a history of eating raw freshwater fish and shrimp. Patients with occupations as cook, fish stock man, fishing man and fishmonger accounted for 22.6%. The transmission route was not clear in 9.1% of patients. The common clinical manifestations were abdominal pain (60.3%), fatigue (52.3%), diarrhea (33.0%), anorexia (69.3%), jaundice (23.9%), hepatomegaly (59.1%), splenomegaly (8.0%), dizziness (20.9%), fever (5.7%) and biliary colic (14.8%). Twenty-eight point four percent were asymptomatic. Other findings included liver dysfunction (70.4 %) and eosinophile granulocyteosis(69.3 %). Negative rate of stool egg of clonorchis sinensis after treatment with praziquantel or albendazole was 91.9% or 86.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.561, P = 0.454). Conclusions Clinical manifestations of patients with clonorchiasis sinensis are complicated and often accompanied with liver dysfunction. Clonorchiasis sinensis is often misdiagnosed and should be paid much attention.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate mental health problems in obese child and adolescent patients. We assess the frequency of mental health problems and their differences according to sex, school grade and severity of obesity. METHODS: The sample consisted of 106 children and adolescents aged 8-16 years (61 boys with mean age 10.98±2.26, 45 girls with mean age 9.74±1.96, p=.004) who were diagnosed with obesity and recruited at the Department of Pediatrics of Jeju National University Hospital. The participants completed the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Korean version of the Eating Attitude Test-26 (KEAT-26), and somatotype drawings. RESULTS: The percentage of participants having a T-score in clinical range on one or more CBCL subscale was 37.7%. The percentage of participants in the high risk group for depression (CDI score above 17) was 20.8% and that in the high risk group for eating disorder (EAT-26 score above 20) was 6%. The girls showed significantly lower CBCL T-scores in social competence (48.39±15.66 vs. 38.91±22.04, p=.011), adjustment function (49.51±17.35 vs. 40.38±22.58, p=.020) and school competence (53.34±10.47 vs. 48.22±15.11, p=.042) than the boys, but the percentages of boys and girls in clinical range were not significantly different. The middle school students showed (significantly) higher CBCL T-scores in somatic symptoms (60.86±9.44 vs. 55.74±6.76, p=.005), aggressive behavior (58.81±6.74 vs. 54.68±6.22, p=.009), total problems (59.86±9.91 vs. 54.88±9.76, p=.039) and externalizing problems (57.90±10.57 vs. 52.44±9.38, p=.022) than the elementary school students. The severe obesity group showed significantly higher CBCL T-scores in attention problems (59.18±9.45 vs. 54.15±5.34, p=.001), social problems (59.25±8.59 vs. 55.96±6.50, p=.038), delinquent behavior (58.07±6.97 vs. 54.73±6.00, p=.017) and total problems (59.21±11.65 vs. 54.67±9.03, p=.037) than the mild to moderate obesity group. CONCLUSION: Significant proportions of obese children and adolescents suffer from mental health problems. Clinicians need to pay attention to the mental health risk, especially in obese adolescents and severely obese children and adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Checklist ; Child* ; Depression ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Mental Health* ; Obesity ; Obesity, Morbid ; Pediatric Obesity* ; Pediatrics ; Social Problems ; Social Skills ; Somatotypes

No abstract available.
Baculoviridae* ; Bombyx* ; Coinfection*

Myasthenia gravis is a autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness and fatigability of skeletal muscles. The underlying defect is a decrease in the number of available acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction due to an antibody-mediated autoimmune attacks. The course of myasthenia gravis during pregnancy is not predictable. We experienced a patient of myasthenia gravis associated with pregnancy who underwent cesarean section and transient neonatal myasthenia gravis of the newborn. We present this case with brief review of the concerned literatures.
Cesarean Section ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Myasthenia Gravis, Neonatal ; Neuromuscular Junction ; Pregnancy* ; Receptors, Cholinergic

PURPOSE: Bedside electrocardiograph (ECG) monitoring is continuously used for assessing patients' cardiac status in intensive care units. However, it has not been explored whether it is used with proper knowledge and nursing practices; if not, its usage will be limited and the risk for compromised patient safety might be significant. This study, therefore, explored knowledge and nursing practices regarding bedside ECG monitoring in nurses working at intensive care units. METHODS: Participants in this survey research were a convenience sample of 156 nurses from 25 intensive care units distributed in five hospitals with more than 1,000 beds each in Seoul, South Korea. RESULTS: Participants showed limited and incorrect knowledge and nursing practices. Only 4 (2.6%) participants correctly answered to all electrode placement sites of RA, LA, LL, and V1. Lead II was the most frequently monitored unit regardless of the main purpose of ECG monitoring, and nursing practices to manage noisy signals did not include skin care at the top priorities. CONCLUSION: Educators and clinicians alike need to make an effort to ensure that a safe level of knowledge and practices for the monitoring is maintained in order to make sure that patient outcomes are not compromised.
Electrocardiography* ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Patient Safety ; Seoul ; Skin Care

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a health information web site evaluation categories with items for diabetes mellitus in order to offer verified health information, and to propose directions for development of web sites. METHODS: A preliminary evaluation categories with items was developed using domestic and foreign web site evaluation standards for health information and through a review of the literature. The evaluation categories with items was composed of 'evaluation for web site attributes' and 'evaluation for content information on diabetes mellitus'. Through expert validity tests and a feasibility test of the preliminary tool, the health information Web site evaluation tool for diabetes mellitus was finalized. RESULTS: This evaluation categories with items included 'evaluation for web site attributes' and 'evaluation for content information on diabetes mellitus'. 'Evaluation for web site attributes' included 8 categories with 28 items. The 'evaluation for content information on diabetes mellitus' included 7 categories with 40 items. 'Evaluation component for content' and 'evaluation of category content' included 4 items on 'accuracy', 6 on 'harmfulness' and 3 on 'comprehensibility'. CONCLUSION: From this study guidelines are propose for providing health information for diabetes mellitus, so that health information providers will be able to offer consumers verified good quality health information themselves.
Diabetes Mellitus*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the burn characteristics of female patients hospitalized in a burn center. METHODS: This is a retrospective descriptive study. The subjects were 222 female patients aged over 19 years old having burn injuries from work sites between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2014. Data were collected using electronic medical records about the burn-related characteristics. The data were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: Many of the subjects were in their forties and fifties. Most subjects showed burns with an area of less than 10% of the body surface with a severity of second degree. Scalding burns were the most frequent. Contact burns were usually of third-degree severity and occurred on hands and wrists. Flame burns affected the largest body surface area and frequently occurred on the face and mainly caused by explosion of a stove or kitchen gas. Chemical burns frequently occurred on the lower limbs. CONCLUSION: Female workers are exposed to the hazards of burn injuries in industrial accidents. Types of burn differ depending on the workplace conditions. Therefore, preventative measures for burn injuries should be established in accordance with the characteristics of each industry to which female workers belong.
Accidents, Occupational ; Body Surface Area ; Burn Units ; Burns* ; Burns, Chemical ; Electronic Health Records ; Explosions ; Female* ; Hand ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Retrospective Studies ; Wrist