Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dental hygiene students’ communication ability and conflict management types on adaptation to college life improve adaptation to college life and to suggest strategies to play a role as a professional dental hygienist in clinical practice. Methods: The subjects of this study were selected by random sample extraction of dental hygiene students from two colleges in Gyeonggi and one Chungcheong area. The survey was conducted online for dental hygiene students from July 20 to October 31, 2020. In order to comply with research ethics, this study was investigated with the consent of the subjects. The sample was analyzed for the final 351. Results: Dental hygiene students’ communication ability was 3.74 points, conflict management types was 3.01 points, and adaptation to college life was 3.30 points. In the type of conflict management according to the general characteristics, the problem-solving method, the avoidance method, the compromise method, and the concession method showed statistically significant differences in major satisfaction. Among the types of conflict management, the highest positive correlation (r=0.613) was shown in the relationship between the problem-solving method and the compromise method. Factors influencing the adaptation to college life were concentration, forced method, self-disclosure, conversational coherence, and social relaxation. Conclusion This study is significant in that it derives sub-areas of communication ability and conflict management types that influence adaptation to college life. In the future, there is a need to improve the quality of dental hygienists by continuously conducting research on the types of conflict management targeting dental hygienists, and responding more proactively and actively to conflict situations in the clinical field.

PURPOSE: The present study assessed the diagnostic significance of digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) in determining the inflammatory state of patients with nonspecific orbital inflammation. METHODS: The present study included 11 patients diagnosed with nonspecific orbital inflammation between December 2009 and March 2011 and who were followed-up for more than 6 months. All patients were all diagnosed based on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance image (MRI) and tissue biopsy. The grade of eyelid swelling was classified as 5 and severe compared with the temperature of location. The temperature of the upper eyelid, caruncle, medial conjunctiva, lateral conjunctiva, lower eyelid, cornea and lateral orbit were measured with DITI. RESULTS: When comparing the normal eye with the diseased eye in patients with nonspecific orbital inflammation, the temperature of the upper eyelid and cornea were statistically significant (p = 0.003, p = 0.038, respectively, Mann-Whitney test). The correlation between the grade of eyelid swelling and the temperature of location was most highly related in the temperature of the upper eyelid (Spearman's correlation coefficient, r = 0.55, p = 0.008) and cornea (Spearman's correlation coefficient, r = 0.45, p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: DITI may aid in evaluating the inflammatory state of nonspecific orbital inflammation. In particular, the temperature of the upper eyelid and cornea can be very useful indicator. Future studies, including larger study population are necessary in order to confirm DITI as a diagnostic tool which can assess the results of medical treatment by comparing temperature before and after treatment.
Biopsy ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Eye ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Orbit

A retrospective study was done on secondary intraocular lens implantation in 19 children(22 eyes)who were not satisfied with aphakic glasses and were not tolerant with contact lenses.In all cases,postoperative visual acuity improved or remained at the preoperative level.In 10 cases,postoperative visual acuity was better than 20/40. After at least 12 months of follow-up,average difference of refractive power between the two eyes in the same patient is 0.79 diopter. Early postoperative complications related to secondary intraocular lens implantation were vitreous hemorrhage(1 eye)and IOL decentration. Vitreous hemorrhage was resorbed in three weeks.In case of IOL decentration,we repositioned the IOL.Late complcations during the follow-up period included development of dense capsular opacification in four eyes.They are all treated by Nd:YAG capsulotomy. After capsulotomy there were some improvement in visual acuity. From these results,secondary intraocular lens implantation appears to be a safe, effective method for correction of aphakic children who are not satisfied with aphakic glasses and/or intolerant of use of contact lenses.
Aphakia* ; Child ; Contact Lenses ; Eyeglasses ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glass ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreous Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: An initiating time of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has great influence on prognosis of the patients, however, there are currently no accurate guidelines for initiation of renal replacement therapy. Traditionally, nephrologists usually initiate RRT on the basis of observation of uremic symptoms and changes of laboratory parameters, such as serum creatinine concentration and/or glomerular filtration rate (GFR). DOQI guidelines suggest weekly Kt/Vurea < 2.0 or nPNA < 0.8 g/kg/day for an objective index of the initiation of dialysis. Then, we designed to formulate KP index {(weekly Kt/Vurea + 2.5 X nPNA) X 1/2} using two indices above as a clinically useful objective index to determine the initiation of RRT for patients with ESRD. METHODS: Patients with ESRD having the weekly Kt/Vurea index below 3.0 were selected from 186 patients who came to renal unit of Soonchunhyang Bucheon hospital. The patients having the weekly Kt/Vurea index between 1.0 and 2.0 were classified into two groups, KP index > 2.0 and KP index < 2.0. The groups were compared and analyzed via renal function, biochemical index and the number of patients starting a first RRT. Further, the correlations between KP index and other indices were analyzed over all patients. Then, the numbers per group of patients starting RRT were compared after all patients were divided into two groups, one of which is between 1.5 and 2.0 and the other is between 2.0 and 2.5 by weekly Kt/Vurea index and KP index. RESULTS: The group of KP index < 2.0 indicated significantly lower indices in weekly Kt/Vurea, nPNA (B2) and % LBM (%) than those of the group of KP index > 2.0, while no significant differences between the groups were in serum albumin concentration, serum creatinine concentration, FFEFBM and RRF. And the frequency of patients starting RRT was significantly higher in the group of KP index < 2.0 rather than the group of KP index > 2.0 in statistics. There was a significant correlation between KP index and other indices in all patients. In comparing and analyzing the number of patients starting RRT, weekly Kt/Vurea index did not demonstrate significant differences between two groups of 1.5 < weekly Kt/Vurea < 2.0 and 2.0 < weekly Kt/Vurea < 2.5, but the frequency of patients in the group of 1.5 < KP index < 2.0 was significantly higher than that in the group of 2.0 < KP index < 2.5. CONCLUSION: It is considered that KP index is an index clinically useful for ESRD patients to determine an appropriate timing for the initiation of RRT, and that the timing should be fixed with regard for other various indices and clinical features for advisable prognosis of the patients. In addition, accurate guideline to determine such an appropriate time needs to be suggested by further new studies.
Creatinine ; Dialysis* ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Prognosis ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Serum Albumin

BACKGROUND: The time at which renal replacement therapy (RRT) is initiated in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has a great influence on the prognosis of the patient; however, there are currently no accurate guidelines for the initiation of RRT. Traditionally, nephrologists usually initiate RRT on the basis of the observation of the uremic symptoms and changes in the laboratory parameters, such as the serum creatinine concentration and/or glomerular filtration rate (GFR). DOQI guidelines suggest a weekly Kt/Vurea < 2.0 or an nPNA < 0.8 g/kg/day as objective indices for the initiation of dialysis. Thus, a KP index was formulated (weekly Kt/Vurea+2.5 X nPNA) X (1/2) using the above two clinically useful and objective indices to determine the adeguate time to initiate RRT in patients with ESRD. METHODS: Of 186 patients admitted to the renal unit of Soonchunhyang Bucheon hospital, those with ESRD and a weekly Kt/Vurea below 3.0 were selected. The patients with a weekly Kt/Vurea index between 1.0 and 2.0 were classified into one of two groups; KP index > 2.0 and KP index < 2.0. The groups were compared and analyzed in relation to their renal function, biochemical indices and the numbers of patients per group starting RRT. Further, the correlations between the KP and other indices were analyzed in all the patients. The patients were then further divided into another two groups according to their weekly Kt/Vurea and KP index: group one; between 1.5 and 2.0 and group 2; between 2.0 and 2.5. The numbers of patients per group starting RRT were compared. RESULTS: The KP index < 2.0 group showed significantly lower indices for weekly Kt/Vurea, nPNA and %LBM (%) than those of the KP index > 2.0 group, while there were no significant differences between the groups in the serum albumin concentration, serum creatinine concentration, FFEFBM and RRF. Also, there was a statistically significant higher rate of incidence of patients starting RRT in the KP index < 2.0 group than in the KP index > 2.0 group. There was a significant correlation between the KP and other indices in all patients. When comparing the number of patients starting RRT, the weekly Kt/Vurea index demonstrated no significant differences between the 1.5 < weekly Kt/Vurea < 2.0 and 2.0 < weekly Kt/Vurea < 2.5 groups, but the number of patients starting RRT in the 1.5 < KP index < 2.0 group was significantly higher than that in the 2.0 < KP index < 2.5 group. CONCLUSION: The KP index is considered a clinically useful index in ESRD patients for determining an appropriate time for the initiation of RRT. Also, the timing of the initiation of RRT should be fixed with regard to the various other indices and clinical features for a desirable prognosis of the patients. In addition, further studies will be required to determine accurate guidelines for an appropriate time for RRT initiation.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Creatinine/blood ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology/*metabolism/physiopathology/*therapy ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Status ; *Renal Dialysis ; Serum Albumin/metabolism ; Severity of Illness Index ; Urea/blood

Purpose: This study was undertaken to revise and update the Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for Korean adults, a tool used to evaluate dietary quality and behavior. Methods: The first 31 items of the measurable food behavior checklist were adopted based on considerations of the previous NQ checklist, recent literature reviews, national nutrition policies, and recommendations. A pilot survey was conducted on 100 adults aged 19 to 64 residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province from March to April 2021 using a provisional 26-item checklist. Pilot survey data were analyzed using factor analysis and frequency analysis to determine whether checklist items were well organized and responses to questions were well distributed, respectively. As a result, the number of items on the food behavior checklist was reduced to 23 for the nationwide survey, which was administered to 1,000 adults (470 men and 530 women) aged 19 to 64 from May to August 2021. The construct validity of the developed NQ (NQ-2021) was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, linear structural relations. Results: Eighteen items in 3 categories, that is, balance (8 items), moderation (6 items), and practice (4 items), were finally included in NQ-2021 food behavior checklist. ‘Balance’ items addressed the intake frequencies of essential foods, ‘moderation’ items the frequencies of unhealthy food intakes or behaviors, and ‘practice’ items addressed eating behaviors. Items and categories were weighted using standardized path coefficients to calculate NQ-2021 scores. Conclusion The updated NQ-2021 appears to be suitable for easily and quickly assessing the diet qualities and behaviors of Korean adults.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to update the Nutrition Quotient for Elderly (NQ-E), which reflects dietary quality and behavior among Korean older adults. Methods: The first 29 items of the measurable food behavior checklist were obtained from a previous NQ-E checklist, recent literature reviews, and national nutrition policies and recommendations. One-hundred subjects (50 men and 50 women) aged ≥ 65 years living in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, including Gyeonggi Province, completed a pilot survey from March to April 2021. Based on the results of the pilot study, we conducted factor analysis and frequency analysis to determine whether the items of the survey were properly organized and whether the distribution of answers for each evaluation item was properly distributed. As a result, we reduced the number of items on the food behavior checklist and used 23 items for the national survey. Nationwide, 1,000 subjects (472 men and 528 women) aged > 65 years, completed the checklist survey, which was applied using a face-to-face survey method from May to August 2021. The construct validity of the NQ-E 2021 was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, LISREL. Results: Seventeen food behavior checklist items were selected for the final NQ-E 2021.Checklist items addressed three factors: balance (8 items), moderation (2 items), and practice (7 items). Standardized path coefficients were used as the weights of items to determine nutrition quotients. NQ-E and three-factor scores were calculated according to the weights of questionnaire items. Conclusion The updated NQ-E 2021 produced by structural equation modelling provides a suitable tool for assessing the dietary quality and behavior of Korean older adults.

Purpose: This study was conducted to update the Nutrition Quotient for Adolescents (NQ-A), which is used to assess the overall dietary quality and food behavior among Korean adolescents. Methods: The first 30 candidate items of the measurable eating behavior checklist were obtained based on a previous NQ-A checklist, the results of the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey data, national nutrition policies and dietary guidelines, and literature reviews. A total of 100 middle and high school students residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province participated in a pilot study using the 25-item checklist. Factor analysis and frequency analysis were conducted to determine if the checklist items were organized properly and whether the responses to each item were distributed adequately, respectively. As a result, 22 checklist items were selected for the nationwide survey, which was applied to 1,000 adolescent subjects with stratified sampling from 6 metropolitan cities. The construct validity of the updated NQ-A 2021 was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Twenty checklist items were determined for the final NQ-A 2021. The items were composed of three factors: balance (8 items), moderation (9 items), and practice (3 items). The standardized path coefficients were used as the weights of items to determine the nutrition quotients. NQ-A 2021 and 3-factor scores were calculated according to the weights of questionnaire items. The weight for each of the 3 factors was determined as follows: balance, 0.15; moderation, 0.30; and practice, 0.55. Conclusion The updated NQ-A 2021 is a useful instrument for easily and quickly evaluating the dietary qualities and eating behaviors of Korean adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of intra-appendiceal air at CT for the evaluation of appendicitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 458 patients (216 men, 242 women; age range, 18-91 years) who underwent CT for suspected appendicitis. Two independent readers reviewed the CT. Prevalence, amount, and appearance of intra-appendiceal air were assessed and compared between the patients with and without appendicitis. Performance of CT diagnosis was evaluated in two reading strategies: once ignoring appendiceal air (strategy 1), and the other time considering presence of appendiceal air as indicative of no appendicitis in otherwise indeterminate cases (strategy 2), using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: Of the 458 patients, 102 had confirmed appendicitis. The prevalence of intra-appendiceal air was significantly different between patients with (13.2%) and without (79.8%) appendicitis (p < 0.001). The amount of appendiceal air was significantly lesser in patients having appendicitis as compared with the normal group, for both reader 1 (p = 0.011) and reader 2 (p = 0.002). Stool-like appearance and air-fluid levels were more common in the appendicitis group than in the normal appendix for both readers (p < 0.05). Areas under the ROC curves were not significantly different between strategies 1 and 2 in reader 1 (0.971 vs. 0.985, respectively; p = 0.056), but showed a small difference in reader 2 (0.969 vs. 0.986, respectively; p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: Although significant differences were seen in the prevalence, amount, and appearance of intra-appendiceal air between patients with and without appendicitis, it has a limited incremental value for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Appendicitis/pathology/*radiography ; Appendix/pathology/*radiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on neointimal hyperplasia after open cutdown has not been elucidated. METHODS: For the control group (n = 16), silicone 2.7-Fr catheters were placed via the right external jugular vein with the cutdown method. For the treatment group (n = 16), a mixture of 0.65 mg of paclitaxel and 1 mL of fibrin glue was infiltrated around the exposed vein after cutdown. After scheduled intervals (1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks), the vein segment was harvested and morphometric analysis was performed on cross-sections. RESULTS: Proliferation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) was strongly suppressed in the treatment group, and the ratio of neointima to vein wall was significantly reduced in the treatment group (8 weeks; 0.63 ± 0.08 vs. 0.2 ± 0.08, P < 0.05). Luminal patency was significantly more preserved in the treatment group, and the luminal area was significantly wider in the paclitaxel-treated group compared to the control group (8 weeks; 1.91 ± 0.43 mm² vs. 5.1 ± 0.43 mm², P < 0.05). Mean SMC counts measured at 1 and 2 weeks after cutdown were significantly lower in the treatment group (2 weeks; 115 ± 22 vs. 62 ± 22). Paclitaxel was undetectable in systemic circulation (<10 ng/mL). CONCLUSION: Sustained perivascular delivery of paclitaxel with fibrin glue was effective in inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia in rat jugular vein after open cutdown.
Animals ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters* ; Fibrin ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Hyperplasia* ; Jugular Veins* ; Methods ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Neointima ; Paclitaxel* ; Phenobarbital ; Rats* ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Veins