0.05).Conclusion Imipenem and meropenem is effective and safe for the treatment of bacterial infection in spontaneous bacterical peritonitis patients.The average time of abatement of fever and treatment time in imipenem groups was shorter than than of meropenem groups.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Scrub Typhus*

Morphological changes of hepatic microcirculation, especially in the peribiliary plexus, in cirrhotic livers of rats induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of N-diethyinitrosamine (DEN) (100mg/kg/week) were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Control rats were treated with saline. The livers were perfused with saline and injected with methyl-methacrylated resin (Mercox CL-2B) through the thoracic aorta. Diffuse nodular changes mimicking human cirrhosis were seen in the livers six weeks after injections of DEN. The cirrhotic livers showed an increase of vascular channels composed mainly of venous branches around the regenerating nodules and increased arterioloportal anastonloses. Peribiliary plexi of the cirrhotic livers had more vessels than those of the controls. Many dilated veins and ramificating portal vein branches were also Present. Direct connections between peribiliary plexi and sinusoids or between peribiliary plexi and portal veins were increased in the cirrhotic liver. These results suggest that the peribiliary plexi in experimentally induced cirrhotic liver might play a role in a collateral circulation under a state of portal hypertension.
Humans ; Rats ; Animals

Objective To correlate between the IQQA(R)-Liver system in planning liver resection and the actual operation performed by surgeons.Methods The data on 65 patients were retrospectively studied.Their preoperative enhanced CT images were analyzed by the IQQA(R)-Liver system to determine the operative plan (Group Q) including the operative technique,the major vessels which required to be transected and the virtual liver resection volume.The above results and the corresponding data collected from the actual operation (Group S) were statistically analyzed to find out whether there was any correlation between them,thus determining the clinical significance of the IQQA(R)-Liver system in preoperative evaluation.Results Group Q and Group S had good correlation in the operative techniques (O) and in the major vessels that required to be transected (A) (uO =0.835,uA =0.893) with no statistical difference between the 2 groups (PO =0.494,PA =0.331).The virtual liver resection volume was 633.96 ± 512.06 (78.30 ～2 559.38)cm3.Conclusion Preoperative evaluation by the IQQA(R)-Liver system had significance in planning partial hepatectomy.

Objective:To study the influence of rutin in the morphology of renal tissue of the diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin(STZ), and to clarify the effect of rutin on the kidney tissue damage.Methods:Twelve mice of the total 70 Kunming mice were used as normal group, the other were used to estabish type 1 diabetes mouse models by intraperitoneally injected with STZ (62.5 mg·kg-1), once daily for 5 d.The successfully established model mice were randomly divided into model group,low dose (50 mg·kg-1)of rutin group, high dose (100 mg·kg-1) of rutin group and irbesartan group (45 mg·kg-1).The mice in model group and normal group were given the carboxy methyl cellulose(CMC) and the other mice were given drugs by intragastric administration once daily for 8 weeks accordingly.The weight and blood glucose of the each mouse were determined.Full automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect the levels of serum creatinine (Cre) and blood urine nitrogen (BUN) of the mice , and the kidney index was calculated.The morphology of renal tissue was observed by HE staining, Masson staining and electron microscope.Results:After injection of STZ,the model success rate was up to 98%.Compared with normal group, there was no significant difference in the weight of the mice in other groups before administration(P>0.05).After administration of rutin, the weights of the mice in model group, low dose of rutin group, high dose of rutin group and irbesartan group were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Compared with model group, the levels of blood glucose of the mice in low and high doses of rutin groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05);the levels of Cre and BUN were significantly reduced (P<0.05);the kidney index of the mice in high dose of rutin group was significantly decreased (P<0.05).Compared with normal group,the kidney tissue of the mice in model group was seriously damaged;glomerular was weaked, the kidney tissue fibrosis was serious, glomerular basement membrane was diffusely thickened and foot process was coalesced or overgrow.Compared with model group,the degree of injury of the mice in low and high doses of rutin groups were significantly improved, especially in high dose of rutin group.Conclusion:Rutin can improve the renal function of diabetic mice induced by STZ and reduce the degree of renal tissue damage in the diabetic mice

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between response to violence, resilience and burnout and to investigate the factors that affect burnout in emergency room nurses. METHODS: Data from 237 nurses in 15 emergency rooms were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0, and the analyses included descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, ANOVA, Kruskall Wallis test, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: Burnout was positively correlated with response to violence and negatively correlated with resilience in emergency room nurses. Response to violence (β=.466, p<.001), resilience (β=−.308, p<.001), and religion (β=−.131, p=.011) were significant predictors of burnout, and they explained 39.9% of emergency room nurses' burnout. CONCLUSION: Response to violence and resilience were identified as significant factors affecting burnout in emergency room nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies to cope effectively with violence and to develop programs that can strengthen resilience.
Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Exposure to Violence ; Violence

No abstract available.
Dyskeratosis Congenita*

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between anger expression and self-esteem of female college students of dental hygiene. Participants were 598 female students who majored in dental hygiene from randomly selected colleges, located in Daejeon and Chungcheongbuk-do. Data were gathered from May 20 to June 5, 2014, using structured questionnaires. The major findings of the study were as follows: the correlation between anger expression and self-esteem was analyzed, and self-esteem was found to have a weak significant negative correlation with anger expression. On analyzing data to explore which variables affected self-esteem, it was found that self-esteem was influenced by grade, school record, harassment, language–psychological violence, and bullying. The above-mentioned findings suggest that anger expression is related to self-esteem. After graduation from college, dental hygiene students, encounter a variety of interpersonal relationships in their work. Therefore self-esteem programs need to be developed and implemented at an individual, departmental, and collegiate level to help students learn to respect themselves and others, and to provide appropriate care.
Anger* ; Bullying ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Female ; Humans ; Oral Hygiene* ; Self Concept ; Violence

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between awareness of nutrition labeling and menstrual cycle irregularity in women from a nationally representative sample of the Korean population. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was performed using hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analysis models. A total of 4,324 women aged 19~54 years from the 2010~2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participated in the study. The participants were classified into three groups based on self-report responses to a questionnaire about their awareness of nutrition labels: Reading, Not-Reading, and Not-Knowing Groups. RESULTS: The Reading, Not-Reading, and Not-Knowing Groups comprised 46.4%, 44.9%, and 8.7% of the participants, respectively, and 53.6% of the participants had never used nutrition labels. In the Not-Knowing Group, irregular menstrual cycles for more than 3 months were significantly more common than women with irregular menstrual cycles for up to 3 months and women with regular menstrual cycles. Women in the Not-Knowing Group were more likely to exhibit menstrual cycle irregularity (adjusted odds ratio: 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.10~2.41) compared to women in the Reading Group after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, exercise regularity, stress, depression, suicidal ideation, metabolic syndrome, age at menarche, parity, and use of oral contraceptives. CONCLUSION: No awareness of nutrition labeling appears to be associated with a higher prevalence of menstrual cycle irregularity in a nationally representative group of Korean women.
Body Mass Index ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Female ; Food Labeling ; Health Literacy ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Menarche ; Menstrual Cycle* ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Odds Ratio ; Parity ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Suicidal Ideation

PURPOSE: High dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy is effective in reducing the incidence of coronary artery aneurysm in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients, however, the precise mechanisms by which IVIG reverses the immune activation is unknown. METHODS: The sera and peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 10 KD patients in the acute stage (24 hrs before) and 24 hrs after one dose of IVIG (2g/kg) treatment. We measured serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and compared them to the messenger RNA expression of the PBMCs by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We also investigated the cytokines' or immunoglobulins' production of PBMCs which were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM, without in vitro IVIG treatment) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha decreased significantly after IVIG treatment. However, the gene expression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha showed no significant difference after IVIG treatment. IL-6 and TNF-alpha productions of PBMCs stimulated with PHA-P decreased significantly after IVIG treatment, however, IL-4 and IFN-gamma production showed no significant differences. IL-6 production of PBMCs stimulated with PWM also decreased significantly after IVIG treatment, but TNF-alpha did not change significantly. The synthesis of IgG, IgM, IgA and IgG1 after IVIG treatment showed a significant decrease, and that of IgG2 showed a slight decrease, but was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the administration of IVIG in the acute stage of KD resulted in the alterations of activated immunologic abnormalities, especially in monocytes and B cells.
Aneurysm ; B-Lymphocytes ; Coronary Vessels ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins* ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Incidence ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-6 ; Monocytes ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Phytolacca americana ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha