BACKGROUND: Nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) is a rare B-cell neoplasm consisting of heterogeneous cellular components and residual B-cell follicles. Because of such histological features, it is difficult to diagnose NMZL by fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. We reviewed FNA cytology of NMZL to identify a cytological clue to avoid misdiagnosing NMZL. METHODS: Histological, cytological, and clinical findings of seven cases of NMZL were reviewed. RESULTS: Most cases showed nodular aggregates of lymphohistiocytes derived from the germinal center irrespective of histological pattern. The cellular components were heterogeneous and composed of mature small lymphocytes, intermediate and large lymphocytes, immunoblasts, tingible body macrophages, and follicular dendritic cells. Intermediate-sized neoplastic cells with a pale nucleus were observed but difficult to identify because of admixed non-neoplastic cells, which outnumbered neoplastic cells. Except for one case with a high proportion of intermediate-sized cells, the other six cases were initially diagnosed as reactive hyperplasia. A flow cytometric analysis was performed in two cases and failed to demonstrate a monoclonal B-cell population. CONCLUSIONS: The FNA showing a reactive hyperplasia-like smear pattern should be carefully observed by experienced cytopathologists to identify intermediate-sized neoplastic cells. Clinical information including the size of the lymph nodes is important to avoid a misdiagnosis.
B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Dendritic Cells, Follicular ; Diagnostic Errors ; Germinal Center ; Hyperplasia ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Macrophages

Surgical endarterectomy has been shown to be superior to medical treatment in the management of severe carotid stenosis. Endarterectomy, although effective, does have limitations, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with stent may offer an alternative modality of treatment. We report on a patient with severe coronary disease that femoral arterial cannulation was not possible due to aorto-femoral shunt operation and absent pulse. The transradial approach was used for aortography, bilateral carotid angiography and successful elective stent deployment in the left internal carotid artery. The transradial approach might be useful alternative in case of problems with femoral approach.
Angiography ; Angioplasty* ; Aortography ; Carotid Arteries* ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Carotid Stenosis* ; Catheterization ; Coronary Disease ; Endarterectomy ; Humans ; Stents*

Coronary stent embolization is a rare event but may result in clinically relevant cardiac ischemia or peripheral embolization during the procedure. We report a case of systemic embolizations of two coil stents during the primary PTCA in acute myocardial infarction, who were treated successfully with a double wire helix technique and a gooseneck snare. Although in our experience this rare complication did not produce any clinical complications, care should be taken to prevent this possibility, especially in patients with significant vessel tortuosity, calcification, total occlusion, or mild stenosis proximal to the target lesion.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Iliac Artery* ; Ischemia ; Myocardial Infarction ; SNARE Proteins ; Stents*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Practical concerns about transradial approach are increasing in consideration of high procedural success rate, low local complications, and patient's convenience. There was no available data about repeated-use of radial artery for coronary procedures. We evaluate the changes of radial arterial diameter and procedural outcomes of repeated transradial procedure. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Of consecutive 1771 transradial coronary procedures, 117 patients received repeated transradial procedures through the same radial artery. Radial arterial diameter, vascular access time and procedural outcomes were evaluated in between the group of first-use and repeated-use of radial artery. RESULTS: Among 117 patients of second transradial coronary procedure in the repeated-use group, 47 patients (41.6%) underwent coronary intervention and 66 patients (58.4%) underwent coronary angiography. The right radial approach was used in 82.9% of the cases. There was no significant difference in radial artery mean diameter between pre-procedure and 1 day after procedure in patients with first-use and repeated-use group. There was no significant change of radial arterial diameter after first-use depending on the SAR (the ratio of sheath outer diameter to radial artery inner diameter). However, after repeated-use of radial artery, there was significant reduction of radial arterial diameter 1 day after procedure in the patients with SAR more than 0.9 (p<0.05). In repeated-use group, the mean radial arterial diameter was 2.63 +/- 0.35mm mm before the procedure and 2.51 +/- 0.29mm during follow-up (136 +/- 123 days) (p<0.05). There was no significant difference of the vascular access time between the first-use and repeated-use procedures (2.9+/-3.1 vs 3.3+/-3.6 minutes, p<0.05). The procedural success and vascular complication rate of repeated-use of radial artery were as similar to those of the first-use, but total occlusion of radial artery was higher in the repeated-use group (2.6% vs 0.7%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The diameter of radial artery after transradial procedures was significantly reduced during follow-up and the incidence of asymptomatic radial artery occlusion was more frequent after repeated-use. However, repeated-use of radial artery was feasible in most patients with high procedural success rate and low vascular complications.
Coronary Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Radial Artery*

A total of 106 Penicillium species were tested to examine their ability of degrading cellobiose, pectin and xylan. The activity of beta-glucosidase was generally strong in all the Penicillium species tested. P. citrinum, P. charlesii, P. manginii and P. aurantiacum showed the higher ability of producing beta-glucosidase than other tested species. Pectinase activity was detected in 24 Penicillium species. P. paracanescens, P. sizovae, P. sartoryi, P. chrysogenum, and P. claviforme showed strong pectinase activity. In xylanase assay, 84 Penicillium species showed activity. Strong xylanase activity was detected from P. megasporum, P. sartoryi, P. chrysogenum, P. glandicola, P. discolor, and P. coprophilum. Overall, most of the Penicillium species tested showed strong beta-glucosidase activity. The degree of pectinase and xylanase activity varied depending on Penicillium species.
beta-Glucosidase ; Cellobiose ; Penicillium* ; Polygalacturonase

An epidermal cyst, presenting as an intrascrotal tumor, with no relation to the testicles or cord structures, is a rare benign tumor. Their etiology is unknown, but the most widely accepted theory on the histogenesis of testicular epidermal cysts is that they are the end result of a monolayer teratoma arising from germ cells; however, an extratesticular epidermoid cyst is believed to be an abnormal closure of the median raphe and urethral groove. An extratesticular epidermal cyst is normally subcutaneous, and can be localized anywhere along the median raphe, from the distal penis to the anus. To our knowledge, there has been no case reported in the Korean literature. A case of an intrascrotal epidermal cyst is reported in a 44-year-old man.
Adult ; Anal Canal ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Male ; Penis ; Scrotum ; Teratoma ; Testis

Background and Objectives: Human CD34＋hematopoietic stem cells can reconstitute the human hematopoietic system when transplanted into immunocompromised mice after irradiation. Human leukapheresis peripheral blood (LPB)-and cord blood (CB)-derived CD34＋ cells have a similar capacity to reconstitute myeloid lineage cells in a humanized mice (hu-mice) model. However, potent stem cells, such as CB-CD34＋ cells, efficiently reconstitute the lymphoid system in vivo compared to LPB-CD34 ＋ cells. Modeling the human hematolymphoid system is vital for studying immune cell crosstalk in human xenografted mice, with CB-CD34＋ cells used as an optimized cell source because they are essential in reconstituting lymphoid lineage cells. Methods: and Results: In this study, we established hu-mice that combined human characteristics with long-term survival and investigated the efficiency of the engraftment of lymphoid lineage cells derived from LPB- and CB-CD34＋cells in the bone marrow, spleen, and LPB. We found an overall increase in the transcriptional activity of lymphoid lineage genes in CB-CD34＋ cells. Our results revealed that potent CB-CD34＋ cells displaying a general upregulation of the expression of genes involved in lymphopoiesis could contribute to the hematolymphoid system in the humanized mice model with longevity. Conclusions Our data suggest that humanized mouse model by usage of CB-CD34 ＋ cells displaying high expression of TFs for lymphoid lineage cells can contribute to study the immune response against lymphocytes.

Background and Objectives: Human CD34＋hematopoietic stem cells can reconstitute the human hematopoietic system when transplanted into immunocompromised mice after irradiation. Human leukapheresis peripheral blood (LPB)-and cord blood (CB)-derived CD34＋ cells have a similar capacity to reconstitute myeloid lineage cells in a humanized mice (hu-mice) model. However, potent stem cells, such as CB-CD34＋ cells, efficiently reconstitute the lymphoid system in vivo compared to LPB-CD34 ＋ cells. Modeling the human hematolymphoid system is vital for studying immune cell crosstalk in human xenografted mice, with CB-CD34＋ cells used as an optimized cell source because they are essential in reconstituting lymphoid lineage cells. Methods: and Results: In this study, we established hu-mice that combined human characteristics with long-term survival and investigated the efficiency of the engraftment of lymphoid lineage cells derived from LPB- and CB-CD34＋cells in the bone marrow, spleen, and LPB. We found an overall increase in the transcriptional activity of lymphoid lineage genes in CB-CD34＋ cells. Our results revealed that potent CB-CD34＋ cells displaying a general upregulation of the expression of genes involved in lymphopoiesis could contribute to the hematolymphoid system in the humanized mice model with longevity. Conclusions Our data suggest that humanized mouse model by usage of CB-CD34 ＋ cells displaying high expression of TFs for lymphoid lineage cells can contribute to study the immune response against lymphocytes.

To evaluate which dye is effective in a plate assay for detecting extracellular cellulase activity produced by fungi, four chromogenic dyes including remazol brilliant blue, phenol red, congo red, and tryphan blue, were compared using chromagenic media. For the comparison, 19 fungal species belonging to three phyla, ascomycota, basidiomycota, and zygomycota were inoculated onto yeast nitrogen-based media containing different carbon substrates such as cellulose (carboxylmethyl and avicel types) and cellobiose labeled with each of the four dyes. Overall, the formation of clear zone on agar media resulting from the degradation of the substrates by the enzymes secreted from the test fungi was most apparent with media containing congo red. The detection frequency of cellulase activity was also most high on congo red-supplemented media. The results of this study showed that congo red is better dye than other three dyes in a plate assay for fungal enzyme detection.
Agar ; Ascomycota ; Basidiomycota ; beta-Glucosidase ; Carbon ; Cellobiose ; Cellulase ; Cellulases* ; Cellulose ; Coloring Agents* ; Congo ; Congo Red ; Fungi* ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; Yeasts

Antipsychotic medications are often continued throughout the perioperative period and may have significant interactions with anesthetics. Risperidone is an atypical agent used to treat both positive and negative symptoms of psychosis while producing fewer extrapyramidal symptoms. It's mode of action is related to dopaminergic and serotonergic antagonism. However, it also possesses a potent alpha-1 adrenergic antagonistic property. Here, we report a case of a 46-year-old man with major depressive disorder, controlled with paroxetine, clonazepam and risperidone, undergoing spinal anesthesia for open reduction of femur fracture. Eight minutes after induction of anesthesia, the patient developed exaggerated hypotension, unresponsive to ephedrine and rapid intravenous fluid administration. Eventually, hypotension was corrected after using large doses of phenylephrine. When planning spinal anesthesia to a patient taking risperidone, an alpha-1 agonist, such as phenylephrine, may be useful in treating possible exaggerated hypotension.
Adrenergic Antagonists ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthetics ; Clonazepam ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Ephedrine ; Femur ; Humans ; Hypotension* ; Middle Aged ; Paroxetine ; Perioperative Period ; Phenylephrine ; Psychotic Disorders ; Risperidone*