No abstract available.
Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1*

Isolated angiitis of the central nervous system is a rare clinicopathologic entity characterized by vasculitis restricted to the vessels of central nervous system without other apparent systemic vasculitis. It manifests headache, higher cortical dysfunction. focal neurologic dysfunction and cranial nerve palsies. We experienced a case of isolated angiitis of the central nervous system in 6 year-old girl who was admitted to out unit because of headache, hemiparesis and altered consciousness. The laboratory test for blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid are all within normal ranges. There was no evidence of systemic vasculitis. The contrast enhanced brain CT scan showed low densities along the left cerebellar hemisphere and posterior aspect of temporal lobe without enhancement, and left lateral internal carotid angiogram showed poorly contrast filling along the territory of left posterior cerebral artery due to narrowing or ischemic changes of the vessels. Axial T2WI (TR/TE, 2190/80) of magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple scattered high signal intensities at left pons with cerebellar hemisphere and diffuse high signal intensity along the left occipital lobe with enlarged surrounding gyral patterns, and axial T1WI(TR/TE, 665/25) showed intense gyral pattern contrast enhancement along the left occipital lobe. Steroid was tried with apparent benefit. We report a case of isolated angiitis of central nervous system with review of literature.
Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Child ; Consciousness ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nervous System* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Occipital Lobe ; Paresis ; Pons ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Reference Values ; Systemic Vasculitis ; Temporal Lobe ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vasculitis*

PURPOSE: Heterotopic ossification in pressure sore patients is reported to rarely develop, but once it occurs, it frequently causes joint stiffness and mobilization restriction. The aim of this article is to report our experience of atypical bone growing at femur neck fracture site with chronic, extensive pressure sore in patient with paraplegia secondary to spinal injury. METHODS: A 28-year-old male patient presented with atypical bone growth at femur neck fracture site with pressure sore. He had undergone atypical growth bone removal and separation of united iliac bone and femur, and then pressure sore was covered by advanced rotation flap. RESULTS: The patient mobilized hip joint and rode in a wheelchair. Complications such as dehiscence, infection, hematoma and flap necrosis did not occur. CONCLUSION: We experienced successful correction of atypical bone growth removal and recovery of pressure sore. We report our experience of atypical bone growth of fracture site and the related literature was reviewed.
Adult ; Bone Development ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hematoma ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Joints ; Male ; Necrosis ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Paraplegia ; Pressure Ulcer ; Spinal Injuries ; Wheelchairs

PURPOSE: Axillary osmidrosis is a distressing disorder characterized by unpleasant odor from axillary area and it is mainly associated with apocrine glands but also associated with eccrine glands. For surgical treatment of osmidrosis, recently ultrasound assisted liposuction(UAL) had been performed for many patients. According to the recent studies about ultrasound assisted liposuction for the treatment of osmidrosis, histologic studies about apocrine gland had been applied for 35 cases, but there were rare mention about eccrine gland and the relationship between two glands. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of ultrasound assisted liposuction for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis on apocrine and eccrine glands. METHODS: From January 2004 to January 2007, 35 patients underwent ultrasound assisted liposuction for the treatment of osmidrosis and 5 patients underwent histologic studies. Histologic examinations were performed before and after ultrasound assisted liposuction and each biopsy was performed in central axillary area. The volume ratio of both glands, presence of degeneration were examined. And in aspirates, distribution and density of both glands and their morphological changes were examined. RESULTS: Preoperative biopsy results showed average volume ratio of apocrine glands to eccrine glands was 65:35. According to the postoperative biopsy results, the volume of apocrine glands in dermis were significantly reduced and glands were degenerated, but the volume of eccrine glands were slightly reduced and glands were mildly damaged. And the average volume ratio of two glands was 20:80. According to biopsy results of aspirates, the volume ratio of two glands was 85:15 and apocrine glands had significantly greater proportion. CONCLUSION: By comparison of each biopsy result, apocrine glands were more significantly reduced and degenerated than eccrine glands in all 5 cases. However, further studies with large sample sizes and close examinations are required.
Apocrine Glands ; Biopsy ; Dermis ; Eccrine Glands ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Odors ; Sample Size

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) compared to biofeedback (BFB), with functional electrical stimulation (FES), in patients with recurrent or incurable female urethral syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty women with female urethral syndrome, based on the criteria of the NIADDK (the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases), and refractory to antibiotics therapy for more than two months, were consecutively assigned to one of the two treatment modalities. The BFB, with FES, group (32 patients) was treated with biofeedback and electrical stimulation. The FMS group (18 patients) received functional magnetic stimulation. Sessions of 30min were performed twice a week for 6 to 8 weeks. A detailed clinical evaluation and cystoscopy were performed prior to treatment. The results were determined by obtaining pre and post Bristol female lower tract symptoms questionnaires and from the subjective overall satisfaction. RESULTS: The irritative and obstructive voiding symptom scores improved markedly in both groups (p<0.05). The score for the quality of life decreased from 4.97+/-1.0 to 2.25+/-1.74 in the BFB with FES group, and from 4.96+/-1.64 to 2.89+/-2.32 in the FMS group. Improvements in the quality of life and pain relief were shown in both groups. 13 of the 32 patients (40.6%) in the BFB, with FES, group and 5 of the 18 patients (27.8%) in FMS group, were subjectively satisfied with their treatments. Minor complications, such as discomfort, unpleasantness and a vaginal itching sense, were note in 30% of the patients in the BFB, with FES, group only. CONCLUSIONS: FMS, compared to BFB, with FES, results in a lesser improvement of the symptom and subjective satisfaction of patients with recurrent or incurable female urethral syndrome, but may be an acceptable alternative to other more invasive treatment modalities.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Arthritis ; Biofeedback, Psychology* ; Cystoscopy ; Electric Stimulation ; Female* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Magnetic Field Therapy* ; Pruritus ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urethra

Clinical observation was carried out for 147 patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Wonju Christian Hospital during the period from June, 1983 to June, 1992. A spinal tap was performed on 114 of these patients and the following results were obtained. 1) The incidence of aseptic meningitis in patients with MCLS was 52.6%. (60 cases of the 114 cases who had spinal taps (52.6%).) 2) The predominent age group for aseptic meningitis was 6 months to 1 year of age (35%). 3) For the majority, the value of glucose and protein in the CSF were within normal limit or only mildly elevated. 4) The neurologic manifestations associated with aseptic meningitis in patients with MCLS were irritability (78.3%), vomiting (25.0%), nuchal rigidity (11.7%), convulsion (5.0%) and facial nerve palsy (1.7%) in that order.
Facial Nerve ; Gangwon-do ; Glucose ; Humans ; Incidence ; Meningitis, Aseptic* ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Muscle Rigidity ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paralysis ; Pediatrics ; Seizures ; Spinal Puncture ; Vomiting

Reducing [Mg2+]o to 0.1 mM can evoke repetitive [Ca2+]i spikes and seizure activity, which induces neuronal cell death in a process called excitotoxicity. We examined the issue of whether cultured rat hippocampal neurons preconditioned by a brief exposure to 0.1 mM [Mg2+]o are rendered resistant to excitotoxicity induced by a subsequent prolonged exposure and whether Ca2+ spikes are involved in this process. Preconditioning by an exposure to 0.1 mM [Mg2+]o for 5 min inhibited significantly subsequent 24 h exposure-induced cell death 24 h later (tolerance). Such tolerance was prevented by both the NMDA receptor antagonist D-AP5 and the L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist nimodipine, which blocked 0.1 mM [Mg2+]o-induced [Ca2+]i spikes. The AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX significantly inhibited both the tolerance and the [Ca2+]i spikes. The intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM significantly prevented the tolerance. The nonspecific PKC inhibitor staurosporin inhibited the tolerance without affecting the [Ca2+]i spikes. While Go6976, a specific inhibitor of PKCalpha had no effect on the tolerance, both the PKCepsilon translocation inhibitor and the PKCzeta pseudosubstrate inhibitor significantly inhibited the tolerance without affecting the [Ca2+]i spikes. Furthermore, JAK-2 inhibitor AG490, MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059, and CaMKII inhibitor KN-62 inhibited the tolerance, but PI-3 kinase inhibitor LY294,002 did not. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide significantly inhibited the tolerance. Collectively, these results suggest that low [Mg2+]o preconditioning induced excitotoxic tolerance was directly or indirectly mediated through the [Ca2+]i spike-induced activation of PKCepsilon and PKCxi, JAK-2, MAPK kinase, CaMKII and the de novo synthesis of proteins.
Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ; Cell Death ; Cycloheximide ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neurons* ; Nimodipine ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Phosphotransferases ; Rats* ; Receptors, AMPA ; Seizures

BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) are mobilized by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), which causes several side effects in allogeneic donors. We report on side effects of G-CSF administration and determine which side effects could be used in predicting the amount of harvested CD34+ cells. METHODS: Data from the first PBSC collections of 155 healthy donors between 2007 and 2010 were analyzed. Side effects were assessed using adverse event inventory, which was graded from 1 (mild) to 3 (severe) or 4 (disabling). RESULTS: G-CSF administration caused an elevation of WBC counts (mean 44,834/microL) and 86% of them were neutrophils. The mean mononuclear cells in apheresis products was 6.6x10(8)/kg and mean CD34+ cells was 6.0x10(6)/kg. Bone pain was reported by 151 healthy donors (97%) and severe bone pain was related to more CD34+ cells in apheresis products (P=0.041): 39 for grade 1 (5.1x10(6) CD34+cells/kg), 86 for grade 2 (6.0x10(6)), and 26 for grade 3 (7.1x10(6)). In addition, the percentage of collecting more than 5.0x10(6) CD34+cells/kg during the first leukapheresis showed correlation with the severity of bone pain. CONCLUSION: Bone pain was the most common side effect of G-CSF mobilization and more CD34+ cells were harvested in cases of severe bone pain.
Blood Component Removal ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization* ; Humans ; Leukapheresis ; Neutrophils ; Stem Cells* ; Tissue Donors

OBJECTIVE: To assess prosthetic use by upper extremity amputees, and their difficulties with prostheses in activities of daily living and occupations. METHOD: This study is based on a survey of 307 subjects, who were using prostheses manufactured in the Center of Prosthetics and Orthotics. The survey questionnaire included items about general demographic characteristics, side and level of amputation, type of prosthesis and its use, and difficulties in the activities of daily living, employment and driving. RESULTS: The most common type of prosthesis was the cosmetic hand type (80.2%). There were no statistically significant correlations between satisfaction with prosthesis and the amputation level or type of prosthesis. The most common difficulties in daily living activities experienced by amputees were lacing shoes, removing bottle-tops with a bottle opener, and using scissors. Only 7.3% of amputees received rehabilitation services. Less than half of the amputees (44.7%) used their prostheses for eight or more hours a day, and 76.9% used their prostheses for regular or irregular cosmetic purposes. After amputation, most of the respondents (69.0%) became unemployed or changed workplaces. CONCLUSION: In our study, respondents preferred cosmetic usage to functional usage. Only 30.0% of respondents reported satisfaction with their prostheses. Many of the amputees had difficulties in complex tasks and either changed jobs or became unemployed. Clerical workers were the occupation group, which was most likely to return to work. The development of a more functional prosthetic hand and additional rehabilitation services are required.
Activities of Daily Living ; Amputation ; Amputees ; Cosmetics ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Employment ; Hand ; Humans ; Occupations ; Prostheses and Implants ; Return to Work ; Shoes ; Upper Extremity ; Surveys and Questionnaires

A pressure sore, such as quadriplegia, is developed in patients who have been idle in bed for a long time, particularly in the spinal cord. The treatment is particularly difficult in cases of multiple recurrent sores, osteomyelitis with pathologic fractures, other underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus, immuno-suppression, or radiotherapy. Over the last 20 years, the development and popularization of rectus abdominis flap have significantly increased for reconstruction of a wide variety of difficult clinical problems. From March 2000 to Dec 2001, 6 neurologically impaired patients underwent reconstruction of chronic pressure sores utilizing an inferiorly based rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 to 15 months. The average thickness of rectus abdominis muscle in quadriplegic patient is less than half of that in healthy patient. In most cases, mild venous congestions are developed, but these were resolved by medical treatment. All wounds have healed without any significant complications such as flap loss, infection, hernia, and sepsis. In conclusion, rectus abdominis muscle for these reconstructions provides a simple, reliable solution to often difficult reconstructive problem. We recommended this highly viable, versatile and reliable flap as one to be considered in planning the reconstruction of the quadriplegia patient with pressure sores when other local and regional flaps are unavailable.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Hernia ; Humans ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Osteomyelitis ; Pressure Ulcer* ; Quadriplegia* ; Radiotherapy ; Rectus Abdominis* ; Sepsis ; Spinal Cord ; Wounds and Injuries